Pediatric Infection and Vaccine

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (대한소아감염학회)
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A Study on Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in School-Age Children and Adolescents at Two Centers

두 개 대학병원에서 진단된 학동기 소아 및 청소년 폐결핵의 임상 양상과 접촉자 검진의 실태

  • Bae, Mi-Hye (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Bo Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Min (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Son, Seung Kook (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Su Eun (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
  • 배미혜 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아청소년과학교실) ;
  • 송보경 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아청소년과학교실) ;
  • 김경민 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아청소년과학교실) ;
  • 손승국 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아청소년과학교실) ;
  • 박수은 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아청소년과학교실)
  • Received : 2014.06.25
  • Accepted : 2014.10.22
  • Published : 2014.12.25
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, contact history, and status of tuberculosis contact investigations in school-age children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at two centers. Methods: This study was conducted with 54 patients in the age ranging from 10 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Children's Hospital, January 2008 to December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. Results: The median age of the patients was 16 years old; 11 patients were aged 10 to 14 and 43 patients were aged 15 to 18. Among 54 patients, 19 had history of contact with pulmonary TB, 10 had contact with house members (household), and remaining 9 had contact with classmates (non-household). One out of 10 patients who had household contacts and 6 out of 9 patients who had non-household contacts were evaluated with contact investigation after the exposure to pulmonary TB. Among 7 patients who were evaluated with contact investigation, 3 were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, 1 had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 3 had no evidence of TB or LTBI. The median period of diagnosis after the exposure to active pulmonary TB was 2 years in patients with household contacts and 0.23 years in patients with non-household contacts. Conclusion: This study suggested that if the contact investigation conducted properly, it would be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of pulmonary TB.

목적: 본 연구는 2개 대학 병원에서 폐결핵으로 진단 받고 치료 받았던 학동기 소아와 청소년들을 대상으로 임상 양상과 접촉 병력을 파악하고 접촉자 검진 실태에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2008년부터 2012년까지 부산대학교어린이병원과 부산대학병원에서 활동 폐결핵으로 진단 받고 치료 받은 10-18세, 54명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 의무기록을 통하여 진단 당시 임상 양상, 추정 감염 경로, 감염원과의 관계와 미생물학적 검사, 영상학적 검사, 접촉자 검진의 여부, 잠복결핵감염 치료 여부, 노출 후 결핵 발병까지의 기간 등을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 연령 중앙값은 16세였으며, 10-14세가 11명(20.4%), 15-18세가 43명(79.6%)이었다. 54명 중 35명(64.8%)은 전염성 결핵 환자와 접촉력이 없었고, 19명(35.2%)에서 접촉력이 있었다. 19명 중 가족 접촉자 군은 10명(52.6%)였고, 비가족 접촉자 군은 9명(47.4%)으로 학교 급우였다. 결핵 노출 후 접촉자 검진을 받은 환자는 가족 접촉자 군에서 10명 중 1명 이었고, 비가족 접촉자 군에서 9명 중 6명 이었다. 접촉자 검진을 받은 7명 중 3명이 활동 폐결핵, 1명이 잠복결핵감염, 3명은 결핵 감염의 소견은 없었다. 활동 결핵 환자와 노출 후 폐결핵으로 진단되기까지의 기간은 가족 접촉자 군에서 중간값이 2년, 비가족 접촉자 군에서 중간값 0.23년이었다. 결론: 학교 내 접촉자 검진과 같이 접촉자 검진이 적절하게 시행된다면 청소년 결핵을 조기에 발견하고 치료할 수 있게 되며, 이는 결핵의 확산 방지에 도움이 될 것이다.

Keywords

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