• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2015

Purpose: Frostbite can affect still soldiers. Initial clinical manifestations are similar for superficial and deep frostbite, so early treatment is identical. It is under-estimated by physicians. We try to identify the challenges of managing these complex tissue injuries. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 84 patients hospitalized at AFCH from 2009 to 2015 was conducted. We investigated differences of epidemiological characteristics, identification of soft tissue injury, treatment and complications between superficial (SF: 43; 51.2%) and deep (DF: 41; 48.8%) frostbite. Results: The major (94.0%) developed frostbite in dry circumstances (89.3%). Wet circumstances (66.7%) were more susceptible to DF rather than dry (46.7%). The 38 (45.2%) arrived to specialist within 7days. Most prone sites were feet, followed by hands. Toes had more deep injuries. DF presented more increased levels of ALT, CPK, CKMB, CRP. The bone scan of W+S+ was 48.3%, 87.1% and W+S- was 20.7%, 12.9%, respectively. The treatment resulted in improved or normalized perfusion scan with matching clinical improvement. It was a good tool to assess treatment response. Eighteen normal and 8 stenotic type of PCR resulted in normal with matching clinical improvement. One continuous obstructive waveform led to minor amputation. Twelve underwent both PCR and MRA. Among 6 normal PCR, 5 showed normal and one stenosis in MRA. All 5 stenosis and one obstruction showed the same findings in MRA. It was a good tool to evaluate vascular compromise. They were treated with rapid rewarming (11.6%, 22.0%), hydrotherapy (16.3%, 29.3%), respectively. Six (14.6%) underwent STSG, 2 (4.9%) had digital amputation in DF. Berasil, Ibuprofen, Trental were commonly administered. PGE1 was administered selectively for 6.8, 10.8 days, respectively. Raynaud's syndrome (16.3%), CRPS (4.7%), LOM (14.6%) and toe deformity (4.9%) were specific sequelae. Conclusion: We should recommend intensive foot care education, early rewarming and evacuation to specialized units. The bone scanning and PCR should allow for a more aggressive and active approach to the management of tissue viability.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2000

Background: Currently, minimally invasive operations are preferred to open surgery whenever possible. Lumbar sympathectomy using RF (radiofrequency) thermocoagulation is both safe and minimally invasive. The problem with the technique is that it cannot be performed successfully in a significant number of cases. If the temperature change in the sole is monitored immediately after the procedure then it can be determined if the procedure needs to be repeated. Methods: A curved tip cannula, 150 mm long with a 10 mm active tip, was used for RF lumbar sympathectomy. The temperature of the soles of both the foot on the affected side and the foot on the control side was monitored immediately before the procedure, immediately after making the L2 lesion, immediately after making the L3 lesion and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after the procedure. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the temperature of the two soles before making the lesions. In the 24 of the 27 patients, there were prominent differences in temperature between the two soles at 10 minutes after the procedures. 11 of the 24 patients showed a significant temperature change after the first trial. But the remaining 13 required a second lesion on L2 and L3. Conclusions: We judged the success of the operation in the operating room by monitoring the temperature difference in the soles of the feet. When no increase in the temperature difference is observed, we can move the electrode and make another lesion. With this procedure, we can drastically increase the success rate of the procedure.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate characteristics of foot pressure distribution with or without partial prosthetic foot in transmetatarsal amputee. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 9 transmetatarsal amputees. Foot pressures were measured at hallux, the $1^{st}-5^{th}$ metatarsal head (MTH), mid-foot, condyle area by F-scan system in amputated or contralateral foot during active walking. Results: In amputated foot, mean peak pressure was greatest in midfoot without prosthetic foot but it was greatest in hindfoot with prosthetic foot. In unaffected foot, although mean peak pressure was higher in hallux, and $1-5^{th}$ MTH compared to amputated foot, it was greatest in hind foot both with and without prosthetic foot. However, in unaffected foot, mean peak pressure significantly decreased in hallux and $5^{th}$ MTH after wearing the prosthetic foot. There was a significant difference in mean peak pressure in hallux and $5^{th}$ MTH between amputated and unaffected foot after wearing prosthetic foot. However, other region had no significant difference with or without prosthetic foot between feet. Conclusions: The use of partial prosthetic foot tends to shift weight bearing from the heel area to forefoot and could significantly reduce hind foot peak pressure and redistributed to peak pressure. The partial prosthetic foot can also offer the peak pressure to reduction both amputated foot and unaffected foot and help to toe off during walking.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Background: Alignment of the lower limb is an important factor, influencing balance and gait in kinematics and kinetics, in patients with and without a flat arched foot. Flat arched foot are associated with the range of motion (ROM) of the hip and alignments of the knee joints, is strongly influenced. Objects: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between hip joint ROM and quadriceps angle (Q-angle), by dividing them into two groups according to the presence or absence of flat feet, using a navicular drop test (NDT) and resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP). Methods: Forty elderly patients were allocated to the experimental group (flat foot group, n1=20) or the control group (non-flat group, n2=20). Universal and digital goniometer, tractograph and tape measure were used to determine the related changes in the hip ROM, Q-angle, NDT and RCSP. Results: Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficients. Active internal ROM of the hip joint (right, r=.803, p<.001), (left, r=.951, p<.001) were highly correlated with NDT, and also, was moderately correlated with Q-angle (right, r=.562, p=.019), (left, r=.757, p<.001). Passive internal ROM of the hip joint (right, r=.742, p=.001), (left, r=.922, p<.001) were highly correlated with NDT, and also, was moderately correlated with RCSP (right, r=-.530, p=.029) and with Q-angle (right, r=.710, p=.001), (left, r=.698, p=.002) in the flat foot group. However, no strong correlation among the hip ROM, NDT, RCSP and Q-angle were found in the non-flat foot group. Conclusion: This research may provide evidence of the correlations between hip internal ROM and flat foot.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

최근 건강에 대한 관심이 고조 되면서 발과 다리에 대한 진단, 치료, 예방의 전반적인 진료를 맡고 있는 족부의학(Podiatry)이 주목받고 있지만 국내 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 또한 임상 데이터 분석에 있어 대부분의 기존 연구들은 기초 통계적인 방법에 근거한 정량분석만을 수행함으로서, 획득된 정보를 임상에 적용 하는데 있어서는 충분한 신뢰성을 보장할 수 없다. 임상데이터 마이닝은 데이터마이닝의 다양한 분석 방법론을 이용하여 의료 현장에서 발생한 임상 데이터를 분석함으로서 전문가의 진단과 치료 과정의 결정에 도움을 주고 있다. 결정트리(Decision Tree) 알고리즘은 분석과정의 설명과 표현성이 좋고, 결과에 대한 해석이 편리하여 임상에서 적용하기가 용이하다. 본 연구에서는 신뢰성 있는 족부 임상 진단 평가를 위해 충남대학교병원 재활의학과 신발클리닉에 내원한 환자 1310명(남자:633명, 여자:677명)의 2620족(foot)을 대상으로 수집된 진료 데이터에 결정트리를 적용하여 22개의 족부 질환 인자에 따르는 15개의 족부 질환을 분류하고 그에 대한 64개의 진단 규칙을 탐사 하였다. 또한 5개의 클래스(영유아, 소아, 청소년, 노인, 전체)로 분류된 각 그룹들로부터 생성된 결정 트리를 통해 각 클래스의 질환 특징과 질환 주요 인자, 클래스 간 상관관계를 비교, 분석하였다. 탐사된 결과는 족부 임상 전문가의 의사결정에 더욱 정성적이고 유용한 선험적 지식을 제공할 것이고, 효과적이고 정확한 진단과 예측을 위한 임상 도구로써 사용될 수 있다.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.95-133
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• 2018

2천 년대가 시작된 이후 전 세계적으로 메이커 운동이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 오늘날에는 서울을 비롯해서 지구촌의 주요 도시들에서 해마다 메이커 페어가 열릴 정도이고 참석자들이 날로 늘어나고 있어서 일종의 메이커 '현상'으로까지 볼 수 있을 정도이다. 메이커 운동이 가지는 적극적 함의는 그동안 소비자로만 머물게 했던 제조의 독점을 무너뜨리고 시민들의 메이커로서의 권리와 능력을 되찾게 하려는 운동이라고 할 수 있다. 오늘날 고도로 발전한 산업자본주의는 구조적으로 시민들을 불능으로 만들고, 손발을 묶어놓고 오로지 소비만 하는 존재로 퇴화시키려는 일련의 경향성을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 메이커 운동은 탄생에서 현재까지의 궤적으로 통해 볼 때 현재의 신자유주의적 제조문화와 구조적 긴장 관계에 놓여있다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구는 메이커 운동을 "비판적 만들기(critical making)"의 관점에서 적극적으로 해석하려는 시도이다. 메이커 운동은 1960년대와 1970년대 미국에서 나타났던 "대항문화"와 "신공동체주의"에까지 그 근원을 추적할 수 있다. 다른 한편으로 메이커 운동이 또다른 기술유토피아주의에 빠질 수 있으며, 소비사회의 한 영역으로 기능하면서 오히려 소비주의를 활성화시키는 방향으로 동원될 수 있다는 비판도 있다. 메이커 운동은 그 특징상 무정형적이며 현재 진행중인 상태이기 때문에 아직 섣부른 규정을 내리기 힘든 상태이지만, 그동안 과학기술의 소비자로만 규정되던 시민들이 메이커라는 생산자로 나서면서 과학기술과 시민사회의 지형에 큰 변화를 일으킬 수 있는 가능성을 보여주고 있다는 점에서 그 시민과학적 함의가 크다고 할 수 있다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권32호
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• pp.192-221
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• 2013

In order to deal with the current economic crisis, the U.S. government, as a part of its austerity fiscal policy, implemented a budget sequester. The sequester will hit the U.S. defense budget the hardest, and as a result will most likely put the security of the international community in jeopardy. The U.S. will have to cut 46 billion dollars from its original 525 billon defense spending in 2013. And by the year 2022, will have to cut 486.9 billion dollars. Such an astronomical decrease in the U.S. defense spending will inevitably burden the friendly nations. According to recent studies, pirate related incidents in Somalia, where piracy is most active, has declined from its 226 incidents to 76 incidents per year in 2012, a 66% drop from previous years'. However, piracy threats as well as those related to firearms still remain and thus participants of anti-piracy operations, namely the U.S., U.K., France, Canada, NCC, EUNAVFOR, and NATO, are facing a problem of declining forces. Considering the current situation as well as rising expectations from the international community, Republic of Korea, a supporter of NCC's maritime security operation, not to mention its foremost duty of securing its sea, is at a stage to re-examine its operational picture. Such action will be a good opportunity for Republic of Korea to build the trust and live up to the international community's expectation. To quote from the network theory, although in relation to other friendly nations participating in the anti-piracy operation, Republic of Korea currently remains at a single cell level, this opportunity will certainly develop Korea to a 'node' nation in which power and information would flow into. Through this expansion of operational capability, Republic of Korea will be able to exert more influence as a more developed nation. Currently however, not only is the single 4,500 ton class destroyer deployed in Somalia a limited unit to further expand the scale and amount of force projection in the area, but also the total of six 4,500 ton class destroyers ROK feet possess is at a high fatigue degree due to standard patrolling operations, midshipman cruise and the RIMPAC exercise. ROK fleet therefore must consider expanding the number of ships deployed along with either deploying combat support ships or constructing logistics support site in the African region. Thus, by expanding its operational capabilities and furthermore by abiding to the rightful responsibilities of a middle power nation, Republic of Korea will surely earn its respect among the members of the international community.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2019

Carbonylated proteins (CPs)은 단백질의 염기성 아미노산 잔기들과 지질 과산화 중 생성되는 알데히드 화합물과의 화학적 반응을 통하여 만들어진다. CP는 UVA와 청색 광선 영역의 빛을 흡수하여 흥분하며, CP의 감광 반응을 통해 superoxide anion radicals ($^{\cdot}O_2{^-}$)이 생성되고 각질층(Stratum corneum, SC)에서 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 생성을 통해 새로운 protein carbonylation이 진행되는 것이 알려졌다. 또한, superoxide anion radicals이 SC에서 CP를 생성하며 색상과 수분 기능을 포함한 피부 상태에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되었다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 피부 각질층에 존재하는 stratum corneum carbonylated protein (SCCP)의 생성량과 피부 탄력 개선의 상관정도를 알아보는 것이었다. 이를 위하여 46명의 건강한 피험자들을 대상으로 8주간 피부임상실험을 진행하였다. 8주간 진행한 피부임상시험은 피험자를 두 그룹으로 나누어, 한 그룹은 아무것도 함유하지 않은 크림을 사용하고, 다른 그룹은 탄력개선 원료가 함유된 크림을 사용하였다. 임상시험 측정 항목은 DUB scanner를 이용한 진피 치밀도 측정, Primos를 이용한 주름 측정을 진행하였으며 탄력 측정은 dermal torque meter (DTM310)와 Balistometer (BLS780)를 통해 진행하였다. SCCP측정은 피험자의 뺨에서cyanoacrylate를 이용한 skin surface biopsy (SSB)방법을 이용하여 각질을 채취한 후, 비침습적인 검출 방법을 이용해 SCCP의 양을 조사하였다. 측정은 0주, 4주, 8주 총 3회에 걸쳐서 진행하였으며 각 주차의 측정값을 각각 분석하여 종합적인 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과, SC에 존재하는 CP의 양은 피부 주름 및 피부 탄력성과 관련된 생물학적 인자의 수치가 개선됨에 따라 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 항노화 효과에 있어서 탄력 개선과 CP양의 상관관계를 확인하여, 차후 피부 항노화 시험방법에 응용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.