• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.2 s.70
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

Production of activated carbon from woody fish parking cases has been studied using waste sulfuric acid as an activating agent for the purpose or promoted recycling of woody fishing port wastes. The adsorption capacity of produced activated carbon was observed to increase with activation temperature and reached its maximum at ca. $650^{\circ}C$ under the experimental conditions. However, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon became deteriorated above this temperature due to the thermal degeneration of its structure. Optimal activation time was found to be about 120 minutes and 1:3 weight ratio of raw material and activating agent was appropriate for increased adsorption capacity of activated carbon under the conditions of $550^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes of activation time. Regarding the effect of the concentration of activating agent on activation, ca. 1.2 M of sulfuric acid was observed to be proper for an optimal activation or raw material. Comparison of the activation power of sulfuric acid with nitric acid showed that sulfuric acid was superior to nitric acid, however, with regard to the yield of activated carbon there was no significant difference between the two activating agents. The degree of dispersion of carbon particles was shown to be relatively high in neutral condition and the produced activated carbon was considered to be effectively employed for the treatment of metal ions in wastewater due to its negative surface charge in aqueous condition.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.407-441
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• 2008

The interest of Cruise has been increased because of economic development and income growth in the world during last several decades. In Asian area the Cruise service also has been enlarged, especially in East Asia countries such as Korea, Japan, Singapore, Hongkong, Taiwan and China. This paper reviewed previous researches and clarify its concept and characteristics of Cruise Industry. And This paper aims to study the correct concepts and characteristics of Cruise marketing and investigate the current status and trend of Cruise Industry of the world and Korea. And it has groped and suggested various countermeasures, strategies and tactics in the 4Ps perspectives, considering the problems and conditions of Cruise service of Incheon Port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.219-235
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• 2011

Today FTAs(Free Trade Agreements) are revving up among countries in the course of glocalization. Dubai, Pudong of Shanghai, Binhai shinku of Tianjin are actively pursuing Free Zones, and Saemangeum District in Korea is under development as growth base in North East Asia. This study aims to present the proper development scale and other development schemes for Samangeum Newport. In conclusion, following several schemes are required; firstly more sophisticated forecasting of demand and supplementation for Saemangeum Newport, secondly development of dedicated container terminals and dedicated food terminals, and finally cruise terminal for the tourist activation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

The geoidal undulations are needed for determining the orthometric heights from the Global Positioning System GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights. There are several methods for geoidal undulation determination. The paper presents a method employing a simple architecture Two Layer Multiquadric-Biharmonic Artificial Neural Network (TLMB-ANN) to approximate an area of 4200 square kilometres quasigeoid surface with GPS-levelling data. Hardy’s Multiquadric-Biharmonic functions is used as the hidden layer neurons’ activation function and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to train the artificial neural network. In numerical examples five surfaces were compared: the gravimetric geometry hybrid quasigeoid, Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, Hybrid Fuzzy Neural Network (HFNN) model, Traditional Three Layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with tanh activation function and TLMB-ANN surface approximation. The effectiveness of TLMB-ANN surface approximation depends on the number of control points. If the number of well-distributed control points is sufficiently large, the results are similar with those obtained by gravity and geometry hybrid method. Importantly, TLMB-ANN surface approximation model possesses good extrapolation performance with high precision.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2003

This empirical study takes the activation approach for the competitive power of Korean shipping companies in the Korea-China liner routes. Data for this study were collected from Korea/ China/ 3rd flag shipping companies through the 500 questionnaires. The data of 250 respondents were analyzed statistically to verify the hypotheses and to induce Regression Equation which could predicts the influencing level of the determinants to competitive advantage for Korean shipping companies on Korea-China Liner Shipping Routes. Factor Analysis/ Cronbach's Alpha/ Principal Analysis/ Multiple Regression Analysis were used in order to test the hypotheses for the empirical study.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

Seosan-Daesan Port is the sixth largest port in Korea, and it promotes port infrastructure expansion, regular route development, overseas marketing, and port incentive systems for continuous growth. In addition, the port is planning to open a regular car ferry line to Weihai, China. This study aims to provide useful research data for effective decision making by analyzing the feasibility of opening the Chinese (Weihai) car ferry route of Seosan-Daesan Port. Currently, some car ferry routes that operate between Korea and China are open at Incheon Port, the Port of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin, and the Port of Gunsan. In order to estimate the volume of cargo that will be created when the car ferry route from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai opens, this research analyzes the domestic cargo volume from the Chungcheongnam-do region, where Seosan-Daesan Port is located, to each of the regions where the other ports are located. We estimated the volume of cargo that can be transported on the car ferry from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai. As a result, by 2020, about 76,000 passengers and about 50,000 tons of cargo could be created. Suggestions were made for policy strategies that would revitalize passenger numbers and secure the cargo volume of the car ferry, along with a discussion of and the port incentive system.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.309-324
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• 2023

Recently, not only has ESG (Environment, Society, Governance) been discussed domestically and internationally intensively, both within companies and at the level of national competitiveness, but also ESG management is seen as a concept that practically implements a new value system for sustainable development of our humankind. As the mandatory disclosure of environmental, social and governance (ESG) is scheduled for 2025, it is a reality that companies are experiencing considerable burdens and difficulties. In recent years, among ESG activities, which are non-financial management performance in the shipping and port industries, environmentally friendly activities are acting as an important indicator for shipping companies. In particular, the National Assembly has enacted laws related to air quality, including ports, and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is making various support measures and plans to create eco-friendly ports. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of ESG reports and suggest related problems and improvement plans for ESG activation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.97-140
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to activate Korea's coastal passenger shipping by improvement of the deterrent factors on the basis of field data collected in order to help stimulate it and enhance its competitiveness. As the representative model of this study, the "P" car-ferry liner was chosen, whereby various deterrent factors were observed in the course of the SWOT analysis and through the questionnaires. The major deterrent factors in summary were inflexible government regulations for additional ship operation, disadvantages of taxes policy, port facility shortages, non-allowing of ship's night operation, complicated and inflexible ship's operation controls by the concerned authorities, unreasonable divisions of steaming areas, and existences of obstacles on the ship's running routes, etc. which considered all are important to activate the liners.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.267-269
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• 2009

This study investigated & analyzed the scheme for Ship Management for the Activation of world-wide Oil business. Shipping safety & marine pollution accidents occurred a huge property loss not only a shipping companies but also a oil companies, and marine accident may affect to a shipping company to go out of existence. On that score, oil companies have executed the evaluation by periods on each shipping companies and ships, and SIRE is inter-sharing by internet homepage on OCIMF & CDI, and its most important data when oil cargo transport. Therefore this study is provided a practical method to PIC of tanker shipping business & Designated Person, and it will be a basic of Ship Management for the activation of the Oil business.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2002

The neutron beam is fully characterized for the prompt gamma activation analysis facility at Hanaro in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI). The facility uses thermal neutrons which are diffracted vertically from a horizontal beam port by a set of pyrolytic graphite(PG) crystals positioned at the Bragg angle of 45" Neutron spectra, neutron flux and Cd-ratio are determined for the three extraction modes of diffracted beam by means of the theoretical and experimental efforts. To obtain theoretical result, the reflectivity of pyrolytic graphite is calculated in the diffraction model for mosaic crystal and the angular divergence after diffraction by mosaic crystal is estimated from Monte Carlo simulation. The time-of-flight spectrometer and gold activation wire are used for measuring the neutron spectra. Both the calculated and measured spectra have proven that the unique feature of polychromatic beam obtained by PG crystals are useful for PGAA. The thermal neutron flux of 7.9$\times$107 n/cm$^2$s and the Cd-ratio of 266 for gold have been achieved at the sample position while the reactor operates at 24 MW The uniformity of beam flux is 12% in the central 1$\times$1 cm$^2$ area. Finally, the beam is briefly characterized by the effective velocity and temperature which are determined by measuring the prompt Y-ray spectra for thin and thick boron samples.ples.