• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.158-164
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• 2007

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor in the female genital tract. Although the tumor is benign, it is a matter of paramount importance since it often causes profuse menstrual bleeding, pressure symptoms and infertility. Nevertheless, the etiology and pathophysiology of this abnormality remain poorly understood. The traditional definitive treatment for uterine leiomyomas is hysterectomy and, even today, symptomatic leiomyomas are the leading cause of hysterectomy in Korea. Clearly, the development of a safe, effective, and nonsurgical method of treatment for leiomyoma would be of great benefit to many women. This study demonstrated growth inhibition of uterine leiomyoma cells using Haeohyultang (HT). When human leiomyoma cells were treated with Haeohyultang, cells showed dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect. Cell growth was inhibited by over 40% as determined by both cell counts and MTS assay. Reduction of cellular viability as a consequence of exposure to Haeohyultang resulted from induction of apoptosis, as assessed by DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, caspase 9 and caspase 3 assay. Flow cytometry analysis with uterine leiomyoma cells demonstrated sub G1 cell cycle arrest after treatment with drug Haeohyultang. But, the expression levels of p27 and p21 were not changed in Haeohyultang treated cells compared with control. However, the expression levels of clAP1 were reduced by Haeohyultang compared with control. This reduction of clAP1 data means activation of the caspase family, and then induction of PARP cleavage and apoptosis. These results suggest that Haeohyultang may be potential therapeutic approach in the clinical management of uterine leiomyoma.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1707-1714
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• 2012

Grb2 is an adapter protein involved in the signal transduction and cell communication. The Grb2 is responsible for initiation of kinase signaling by Ras activation which leads to the modification in transcription. Ligand based pharmacophore approach was applied to built the suitable pharmacophore model for Grb2. The best pharmacophore model was selected based on the statistical values and then validated by Fischer's randomization method and test set. Hypo1 was selected as a best pharmacophore model based on its statistical values like high cost difference (182.22), lowest RMSD (1.273), and total cost (80.68). It contains four chemical features, one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), two hydrophobic (HY), and one ring aromatic (RA). Fischer's randomization results also shows that Hypo1 have a 95% significant level. The correlation coefficient of test set was 0.97 which was close to the training set value (0.94). Thus Hypo1 was used for virtual screening to find the potent inhibitors from various chemical databases. The screened compounds were filtered by Lipinski's rule of five, ADMET and subjected to molecular docking studies. Totally, 11 compounds were selected as a best potent leads from docking studies based on the consensus scoring function and critical interactions with the amino acids in Grb2 active site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.113-136
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• 2006

This study aims for the above mentioned. After all, through the analysis of Electronic Question/Answering Function to understand a user's demand under online circumstances, groping for the method to provide an appropriate Archival Information Service is the most important thing. For this, in this study, it researched the users interviews and the research related to users as a precedence study, and the studies having examined the state of demanding information by users through analyzing the e-mail actually. Additionally, by looking over the study of Library and Information Science that is activated in a field of Electronic Question/Answering Function rather than Archival Science, as a matter of fact, the study has come up with the standard for analyzing Electronic Question/Answering Function. And based on the precedence study, the instances for the National Archives from USA, England, Australia and Canada were analyzed, and the chance of activating Archival Information Service were tried to grope for in the study. This study might be one of methodologies in examining the users study that is not activated yet in Archival Science. Therefore, the users study can be carried out in various methods as well as Electronic Archives/Answering Service. This study might be the important information in providing far better Archival Information Services. It is desirable that based on this opportunity, the study related to the various users by examining not only Electronic Archives/Answering Function but also Question/Answering of the users and the Archivists in the filed to the larger extend will be activated for Archival Science.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2010

$TiO_2$ shows considerably efficient photoreaction activity under the ultraviolet range but it has disadvantage that there is no activity in the visible light range. In this study, it was tried to find a solution for the problem of this kind of photocatalyst by utilizing transition metal, which can show electronic transition with $TiO_2$ in the visible light area. Photocatalyst was prepared, which can have photocatalytic activity in the wide wavelength range, not only ultraviolet region but also visible light area and prevent the combination of electron and hole hindering the photoreaction. For this purpose, by using the ion exchange method, $TiO_2$ precursor and transition metal precursor were dipped into H typed strong acid ion-exchange resin. And two kind photocatalysts (Ti-M-SCM) in which transition metal and titanium dioxide coexist through the carbonization/activation process was prepared. Moreover, photolytic reaction under the wavelength 254 nm and 365 nm was performed for humic acid (HA) in the continuous reactor in order to estimate the efficiency of produced Ti-M-SCM.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

The B2B e-commerce assurance system supports e-commerce purchases by Credit Guarantee Fund. This process seeks to replace a variety of current systems, including B2C, the credit card payment method on B2B, 2001 Credit Guarantee Fund and the Bank, logistics, e-MP (Market Place), and Business-to-business e-MP (business-to-business electronic payment settlement system). Over the past 10 years of its operation, the e-MP service (B2B e-commerce electronic payment systems) has contributed much to the growth of SMEs. The development of business-to-business e-commerce transactions systems and limits have provided a stable purchasing platform, improving corporate competitiveness. However. the project-based scale of credit guarantee institutions has limitations. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new model of direct or indirect government support for small business e-MP projects. This new model will support the B2B electronic commerce by allowing it to directly involve guarantee institutions directly in B2B online transactions. Therefore, this study urges government backing of the SME based B2B online business model with e-MP service.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.195-204
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improvement plan for the welfare in the park through the empirical test on the park facilities, which are the hardware, and the service contents, which are the software, in the urban parks of Busan. Therefore, to identify the welfare of the parks in Busan, this study took 7 urban parks as samples according to the plate method of experts, and conducted the questionnaire survey from 1,500 persons using these parks. The IPA analysis results on the importance and the satisfaction of the users on the form of use, facilities and the contents of the park are as follows. First, the convenient facilities, which are the hardware of the park, are represented as a intensive management item. Second, the importance and the satisfaction for all the facilities and the contents of each park are significant differences. according to the location of each park and the characteristics of each principal park users. Such results mean that the Busan urban park operation does not satisfy the expectation of the park users for the welfare facilities in the parks. Therefore, it implies that to activate the urban parks and to improve the quality of life than the present, the aceessibility of the local residents to the information should be reinforced through the development of contents to reflect the region and the desires of the users and through building and managing the homepage of the urban parks.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.404-411
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• 2012

The reliability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) particularly depends on the high quality of solid oxide electrolytes. The application of thinner electrolytes and multi electrolyte layers requires a more reliable characterization method. Most of the investigations on thin film solid electrolytes have been made for the parallel transport along the interface, which is not however directly related to the fuel cell performance of those electrolytes. In this work an array of ion-blocking metallic Ti/Au microelectrodes with about a $160{\mu}m$ diameter was applied on top of an ultrathin ($1{\mu}m$) yttria-stabilized-zirconia/gadolinium-doped-ceria (YSZ/GDC) heterolayer solid electrolyte in a micro-SOFC prepared by PLD as well as an 8-${\mu}m$ thick YSZ layer by screen printing, to study the transport characteristics in the perpendicular direction relevant for fuel cell operation. While the capacitance variation in the electrode area supported the working principle of the measurement technique, other local variations could be related to the quality of the electrolyte layers and deposited electrode points. While the small electrode size and low temperature measurements increaseed the electrolyte resistances enough for the reliable estimation, the impedance spectra appeared to consist of only a large electrode polarization. Modulus representation distinguished two high frequency responses with resistance magnitude differing by orders of magnitude, which can be ascribed to the gadolinium-doped ceria buffer electrolyte layer with a 200 nm thickness and yttria-stabilized zirconia layer of about $1{\mu}m$. The major impedance response was attributed to the resistance due to electron hole conduction in GDC due to the ion-blocking top electrodes with activation energy of 0.7 eV. The respective conductivity values were obtained by model analysis using empirical Havriliak-Negami elements and by temperature adjustments with respect to the conductivity of the YSZ layers.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.205-223
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• 2016

Objective:This study introduced the status of studies and the projects related with agricultural accident prevention carried out by the Rural Development Administration. This study was conducted to promote Korean farmers' agricultural safety activation by analyzing study trends on farmers' agricultural work safety. Background: Agriculture is one of the dangerous industries, and the agricultural accident rate is on the rise, due to recent serious aging and increased female work force. Such a phenomenon emerges as a serious problem from the social perspective, and therefore measures for farmers' healthy and safe agricultural activities and accident prevention are required. Method: This study conducted literature review related with domestic and international agricultural safety and health. This study also examined the hazard factors of agricultural labor and injuries, agricultural safety and health system and policy, support and education for farmers' safety practice, and the status of convenience tools and protection equipment, based on major study activities performed by the Rural Development Administration for recent four to five years. Results: Through the study results, the status of Korea's agricultural safety system, compensation support policy, safety education of farmers for actual practice, and diverse channels including media were confirmed. This study also presented the R&D implementation status on convenience equipment and protective gear to prevent agricultural diseases and safety accidents. Conclusion: This study found out that continuous monitoring and efforts are required to prevent accidents for the Korea's agricultural labor environment and agricultural safety, and that social bond of sympathy formation is demanded through effect analysis on the implemented projects including education and support projects. Furthermore, it can be understood that agricultural accident prevention should be carried out through shift from current government-led top down approach to bottom-up approach from itself. Application: The results of this study can be utilized as useful data for farmers' safety and health.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

This study introduces a new investigation report on the microstructural and electrical property changes of $ZnO-Zn_2BiVO_6-Mn_3O_4$ (ZZMn), where 0.33 mol% of $Mn_3O_4$ and 0.5 mol% of $Zn_2BiVO_6$ were added to ZnO (99.17 mol%) as liquid phase sintering aids. $Zn_2BiVO_6$ contributes to the decrease of sintering temperatures by up to $800^{\circ}C$, and segregates its particles at the grain boundary, while $Mn_3O_4$ enhances ${\alpha}$, the nonlinear coefficient, of varistor properties up to ${\alpha}=62$. In comparison, when the sintering temperature is increased from $800^{\circ}C$ to $1,000^{\circ}C$, the resistivity of ZnO grains decreases from $0.34{\Omega}cm$ to $0.16{\Omega}cm$, and the varistor property degrades. Oxygen vacancy ($V_o^{\bullet}$) (P1, 0.33~0.36 eV) is formed as a dominant defect. Two different kinds of grain boundary activation energies of P2 (0.51~0.70 eV) and P3 (0.70~0.93 eV) are formed according to different sintering temperatures, which are tentatively attributed to be $ZnO/Zn_2BiVO_6$-rich interface and ZnO/ZnO interface, respectively. Accordingly, this study introduces a progressive method of manufacturing ZnO chip varistors by way of sintering ZZMn-based varistor under $900^{\circ}C$. However, to procure a higher reliability, an in-depth study on the multi-component varistors with double-layer grain boundaries should be executed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.466-473
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• 2016

In this study, the experiments on optimal CO gas synthesis were conducted using low grade coal-$CO_2$ catalyst gasification reaction. The characteristics of generated CO gas were investigated using the chemical activation method of KOH, $K_2CO_3$, $Na_2CO_3$ catalysts with Kideco and Shewha coal. The preparation process has been optimized through the analysis of experimental variables such as ratio between activating chemical agents and coal, the flow rate of gas and reaction temperature during $CO_2$ conversion reaction. The produced CO gas was analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The 98.6% $CO_2$ conversion for Kideco coal mixed with 20 wt% $Na_2CO_3$ and 98.9% $CO_2$ conversion for Shenhua coal mixed with 20 wt% KOH were obtained at the conditions of $T=950^{\circ}C$ and $CO_2$ flow rate of 100 cc/min. Also, the low grade coal-$CO_2$ catalytic gasification reaction showed the CO selectivities(97.8 and 98.8 %) at the same feed ratio and reaction conditions.