• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

We studied the effect of cadmium on chlorophylls and rubisco activation in Canavalia ensiformis L. leaves. Chlorophyll levels were reduced by 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd. Rubisco activity at 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd was significantly smaller than that at no treatment. Rubisco Content showed patterns of change similar to rubisco activity. These data suggest that rubisco activity was associated with an amount of rubisco protein, and that the activation and induction of rubisco is inhibited by Cd. The degree of intensity of 50 and 14.5 kD polypeptides identified as the large and small subunit of rubisco by SDS-PAGE analysis at 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd was significantly lower than that at control, indicating Cd had a e f-fect on both subunits. Under the assumption that effects of Cd on rubisco may be r elated to rubisco activase, in addition to, its activity and content we re determined . The rubisco activase activity at 5.0 ${\mu}$M Cd was more decreased than the control. A similar change pattern was also observed in content of rubisco activase. Remarkable differences in the intensitiy of both the 45 kD and 41 kD band were found between at control and Cd-treatment. These results suggest that the change in the levels of rubisco activase leads to a subsequent alter action of rubisco levels.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2010

Essential oil-excluded Artemisia princeps Pamp var Ssajuarissuk (AP) was fermented with Lactobacillus brevis K-1, which was isolated from cabbage Kimchi, and the anti-inflammatory effects of AP and fermented AP (FAP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in peritoneal macrophages were investigated. AP and FAP inhibited LPS-induced TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, iNOS and COX-2 expression, as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. AP and FAP also reduced ear thickness, inflammatory cytokine (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced dermatitis in mice. Furthermore, AP and FAP also reduced exudate volume, cell number, protein amount, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in carrageenan-induced air pouch inflammation in mice. The inhibitory effects of FAP were more potent than those of non-fermented AP. Based on these findings, we propose that FAP can improve inflammatory diseases, such as dermatitis, by inhibiting the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 1999

We intended to make the activated carbon fibers which could separate, remove and recover the volatile organic compounds of benzene, toluene, acetone and methanol. Changing activation temperature and time, large specific surface area and narrow pore distribution could be obtained. The activated carbon fibers have large adsorption capacity and selectivility for those organic compounds. We characterized the adsorption capability of the activated carbon fibers for benzene, toluene, acetone and methanol by BET specific surface area and pore size and micropore volume measurements. In the result of activation, the maximum value of BET specific surface area of the fibers was $1100\m^2$/g at $800^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes and $K_2$O was reduced actively in this condition. Their average pore size was 5.8~5.9$\AA$. The activated carbon fibers prepared in this work had high adsorption rate to saturation and the selectibility for the above organic compounds. The adsorbed amount of acetone and methanol(diameter of$ 4.3\AA$ and $4.4\AA$ respectively) which are smaller than micropore diameter in size was 43~49%, which was larger value than benzene and toluene(in the same diameter as $5.9\AA$).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.2011-2018
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• 2021

Nowadays, evaluation of amounts and distributions of radioactive waste is an important preparatory step in the process of nuclear reactor decommissioning. For tentative estimation of radioactive waste, a cell-based rigorous 2 step (R2S) method usually is used; however, a poor resolution caused by the averaged flux and spectrum in a cell is still a great challenge because of leading to underestimated or overestimated results. To overcome the poor resolution, several systems were introduced. Neither system, however, provides any function for evaluation of radioactive waste amount and distribution. Thus, it is additionally required to classify radioactive waste based on the results of activation calculation. In this study, the advanced R2S (AR2S) system was developed. To verify the performance of the system, its results for a verification problem were compared with those of the cell-based R2S method. The results showed good agreement, which is to say, within 2.0% relative error. Also, several characteristics of fine/coarse mesh were analyzed. To demonstrate the performance of the AR2S system, the radioactive waste from the Japan Power Demonstration Reactor (JPDR) was estimated, and the result indicated a high-resolution distribution. Therefore, it is expected that the AR2S system will prove useful for precise evaluation of radioactive waste.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.53-56
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• 1996

The conventional inventory models are concerned with the items of which utilities and amount of numbers are constant over time. But in practice the items in inventory systems are increasing or decreasing. This study is concerned with the development of ameliorating inventory models. The ameliorating inventory is the inventory of goods whose utility increases over the time by ameliorating activation. The term ameliorating inventory is used in this paper at least, since the terminology is not standard well known. This study is performed according to areas; one is an economic order quantity(EOQ) model for the items whose utility is ameliorating in accordance with Weibull distribution, and the other is a partial selling quantity(PSQ) model developed for selling surplus inventory accumulated by ameliorating activation. Computer programs are developed to obtain the optimal ordering and selling quantity. Numerical examples to illustrate the effect of ameliorating rate on inventory polices are shown at the end of this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2009

Esterification reaction between succinic acid[SA] and 1,4-butanediol [BD} was kinetically investigated in the presence of organic metal catalysts (alkyl-silver oxide(ASO),CAT 100E) at $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$. The reaction rates measured by the amount of distilled water from the reaction vessel. The esterification reaction was carried out under the first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of reactants and catalyst, respectively. The overall reaction order was 2nd. From the examination of relationship between apparent reaction rate constants and reciprocal absolute temperature, the activation energy has been calculate as 146.70 kJ/mol with ASO catalyst and 43.04 kJ/mol with CAT 100E catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1995

AISI 304 stainless steel has high resistance to corrosion due to the presence of a self-healing chromium oxide film on the surface, which also accounts for the difficulty in plating. Surface cleaning of this alloy is of fundamental importance in gold plating since its effectiveness puts an upper limit on the quality of the final coating. The cleaning of AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated with elimination of artificial passive oxide film and degreasing of remaining buffing wax as stearic acid. The familiar cleaning methods i.e. ultrasonic cleaning, electro-cleaning and activation treatment were fabricated in this study. Activation treatment showed best cleaning efficiency for elimination of passive oxide film among these methods, which was also confirmed by AES (Auger electron spectrometer) analysis. However, the best condition of cleaning was obtained by combining these methods. Electrocleaning time, for degreasing the stearic acid layer, was decreased with increasing amount of added KCN.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1963

Thermal neutron activation analysis was applied to determine the trace amount of Vanadium and Manganese in Buyo and Kumsan Ginseng. These elements have been regarded to have great nutritional value and one of the indispensable factor in the growth of ginseng. The TRIGA MARK II Reactor in Atomic Energy Research Institute was used for the neutron source. The samples were irradiated for 10 minutes for Vanadium and for 5 minutes for Manganese at the neutron flux of about $1.28{\times}10^{12}n/cm^2/sec$ and the RCL 256 Channel Pulse-Height Analyzer connected with $2"{\times}2"$ Nal(Tl) was used for activity determination. The amounts were about 0.02 ppm for Vanadium and 20 ppm for Manganese, and it was also found that the amounts of the elements were slightly different depending on the kinds of ginsengs.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 2009

Esterification reaction between succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol was kinetically investigated in the presence of monobutyl tinoxide catalysts at $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$. The reaction rates measured by the amount of distilled water from the reaction vessel. The esterification reaction was carried out under the first order conditions with respect to the concentration of reactants, respectively. The overall reaction order was 2nd. The linear relationship was shown between apparent reaction rate constant and reciprocal absolute temperature. By the Arrhenius plot the activation energy have been calculated as 87.567 kJ/mol under monobutyl tinoxide catalyst and also apparent reaction rate constant, k' was found to obey first kinetics with respect to the concentration of catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Surface characteristics of HA(hydroxyapatite) coated dental implant alloy by Sol-Gel method were investigated using potentiostat, ICP, SEM, EDX, EPMA and surface roughness tester. Surface roughness of HA coated specimen by Sol-Gel showed higher than that of PVD coated specimen. Corrosion resistance increased in the order of $1\%$ lactic acid, artificial saliva, $0.5\%$ HCI and $0.9\%$ NaCl solution. Amount of Ca element release was higher than that of V and P in the $0.5\%$ HCI and $0.9\%$ NaCl solution.