• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 1999

Investigations were made on the status of women groups on processing activities of agricultural products for the Hyogo prefecture in Japan. The data were analyzed with the Hideyosi for Windows(Version 1.19) and the Econometric View for Quantative Micro Softwere(Version 2.0). The results indicats that many rural women groups have their own experience on the activities of processing agricultural products and many other women groups have gained such experience from the management and establishment of the restaurants and direct sales stores. This kind of systems has influenced the activation of each rural district. Further development of the processing of agricultural products by rural women groups in the future demands better cooperation among diverse groups involved in these establishment centers and consumers. In addition, it is necessary to attract young people and train and upgrade them for successive consumers. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) : 68∼79, 1999)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2008

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce innate immune responses recognizing conserved microbial structural molecules. All TLR signaling pathways culminate in the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$). The activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ leads to the induction of inflammatory gene products such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Guggul has been used for centuries to treat a variety of diseases. Guggulstreone, one of the active ingredients in guggul, has been used to treat many chronic diseases. However, the mechanism as to how guggulsterone mediate the health effects is largely unknown. Here, we report biochemical evidence that guggulsterone inhibits the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and COX-2 expression induced by TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 agonists. Guggulsterone also inhibits the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation induced by downstream signaling components of TLRs, myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88), $I{\kappa}B$ kinase ${\beta}$ ($IKK{\beta}$), and p65. These results imply that guggulsterone can modulate the immune responses regulated by TLR signaling pathways.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2014

Currently, there are many programs which are now being developed or already developed to predict radionuclide and corrosion product at the stage of designing NPP. However, since there are not many developments in evaluating quantity of activation corrosion products occurring when disassembling a nuclear power plant there exist some difficulties in calculating accurately. In order to evaluate activation products inventory for the research of effect of neutron activation in the reactor vessel, component of nuclear reactor and adjacent structures, it should be evaluated by using operation history of nuclear reactor, material composition of structure and average neutron flux in every field representing fixed structure of nuclear reactor. In this study, CORA, PACTOLE, CRUDSIM, CREAT and ACE codes are analyzed to predict the quantity of radionuclide and corrosion product of primary reactor which is used at the stage of designing. As a future study, the accuracy in calculating the quantity of product corrosion can be increase by finding out the possibility of use and improvement for evaluation of the decontamination.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2004

In a continuation of our previous studies on blood compatibility profiles of anion-substituted poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes, in which hydroxyl groups have been replaced with carboxymethyl (C-PVA) and sulfonyl groups (S-PVA), we have studied the activation of complement components and the changes in white cell and platelet count in vitro and compared them with those of unmodified PVA, Cuprophane, and low-density polyethylene. Complement activation of fluid phase components, C3a, Bb, iC3b, and SC5b-9, and of bound phases, C3c, C3d, and SC5b-9, were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot, respectively. The changes in the number of white cells and platelets following complement activation were counted using a Coulter counter. C-PVA and S-PVA activated C3 to a lesser extent than did PVA, which we attribute to the diminished level of surface nucleophiles of the samples. In addition, C- and S-PVA exhibit increased inhibition of Bb production, resulting in a decrease in the extent of C5 activation. Consequently, because of the reduced activation of C3 and C5, C- and S-PVA samples cause marked decreases in the SC5b-9 levels in plasma. We also found that the negatively charged sulfonate and carboxylate groups of the samples cause a greater extent of adsorbtion of the positively charged anaphylatoxins, C3a and C5a, because of strong electrostatic attraction, which in turn provides an inhibition of chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes. The ability to inhibit complement production, together with the binding ability of anaphylatoxins of the C- and S-PVA samples, leads to a prominent decrease in lysis of leukocytes as well as activation of platelets.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2005

Cardiac hypertrophy contributes an increased risk to major cerebrovascular events. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular dysfunction during cardiac hypertrophy have not yet been characterized. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanism of isoproterenol (ISO)-evoked activation of Ras/Raf/MAPK pathways as well as PKA activity in cerebral artery of rabbits, and we also studied whether the activations of these signaling pathways were altered in cerebral artery, during ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy compared to heart itself. The results show that the mRNA level of c-fos (not c-jun and c-myc) in heart and these genes in cerebral artery were considerably increased during cardiac hypertrophy. These results that the PKA activity and activations of Ras/Raf/ERK cascade as well as c-fos expression in rabbit heart during cardiac hypertrophy were consistent with previous reports. Interestingly, however, we also showed a novel finding that the decreased PKA activity might have differential effects on Ras and Raf expression in cerebral artery during cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, there are differences in molecular mechanisms between heart and cerebral artery during cardiac hypertrophy when stimulated with β2 adrenoreceptor (AR), suggesting a possible mechanism underlying cerebrovascular dysfunction during cardiac hypertrophy.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.685-694
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• 2016

In this study, the thermal degradation behavior of biomass during torrefaction was studied by thermogravimetric and byproduct gas analysis. Torrefaction temperature, time, and heating rate were $220{\sim}300^{\circ}C$, 110 min, and $10{\sim}30^{\circ}C/min$, respectively. The degradation rate of yellow poplar was 8.01~8.81% at $220^{\circ}C$ and 71.86~77.38% at $300^{\circ}C$ depending on heating rate. The degradation rate significantly increased at temperature over $240^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, degradation rate of larch was relatively low as 49.58~54.15% at $300^{\circ}C$. The activation energy of yellow poplar was 87.32~91.24 kJ/mol; these values did not significantly change with heating rate. The activation energy of larch was 83.85~91.60 kJ/mol. The major components of the gas generated during torrefaction were derived from hemicellulose. The component types and concentrations increased with torrefaction severity. High concentrations of furfural and acetic acid were detected during torrefaction of yellow poplar.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular energy sensor and master regulator of metabolic homeostasis. On activation, this cellular fuel sensing enzyme induces a series of metabolic changes to balance energy consumption via multiple downstream signaling pathways controlling nutrient uptake and energy metabolism. This pivotal role of AMPK has led to the development of numerous AMPK activators which might be used as novel drug candidates in the treatment of AMPK related disorders, diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases. Consequently, a number of patents have been published on AMPK activators from natural products and other sources. This review covers the patented AMPK activators from natural products and their therapeutic potential in treatment or prevention of metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2001

Cultural needs of human have grown enormously. Consumer trend and individual taste have become more individualistic and diversified. Efforts to improve the quality of life have changed the concept of lift space as well as the concept of interior life supplies. Products are no longer standardized and produced in massive scale, thus a shift of value has risen. Damages done by the economical development have made consumers take interests in products that are more natural and in harmony with human beings. It is a tendency that wooden materials are becoming a preference as a specific alternative. There is a great social change with a new paradigm like this. Considering the change, we propose a new vision and activation plan on design development of wooden products through specific and practical studies by the system of educational and industrial cooperation which is an organic association system for developing human resources of educational system and producing profits of industry. From it, we can expect great effects as a competitive design of coming future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2018

Although drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines are often used for the treatment of insomnia, they are associated with various side effects such as habituations, tolerance and addiction. Alternatively, natural products with minimal unwanted effects have been preferred for the treatment of acute and/or mild insomnia, with additional benefits of overall health-promotion. Basic and clinical researches on the mechanisms of action of natural products have been carried out so far in insomnia treatments. Recent studies have been focusing on diverse chemical components available in natural products, with an interest of developing drugs that can improve sleep duration and quality. In the last 15 years, our co-workers have been actively looking for candidate substances from natural products that can relieve insomnia. This review is, therefore, intended to bring pharmacological data regarding to the effects of natural products on sleep duration and quality, mainly through the activation of $GABA_A$ receptors. It is imperative that phytochemicals will provide useful information during electroencephalography (EEG) analysis and serve as an alternative medications for insomnia patients who are reluctant to use conventional drugs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

This study analyzed the relationship between the sense of community, organizational commitment, and business performance among farmers participating in the agricultural products processing center. As a result, the farmer's sense of community at the agricultural products processing center had a positive effect on organizational commitment, and the farmer's sense of community had a positive effect on business performance. In this regard, efforts should be made to systematically manage and sustain the future of formal, formal and informal activities of the agricultural products processing center. In addition, in order for the community formed at the agricultural products processing center to continue to grow, it is necessary to take the approach of improving the competence of personnel, organizing work, developing professional programs, and forming related networks. In addition, the organization formed through the agricultural products processing center should be grown as a farmer's organization of processing base so that it can be linked with the activation policy such as food plan and local food.