• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.107-107
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pressure and dissolved oxygen concentration on the activated slut비e and to determine the optimum depth of deep shaft process. Some results from this study were summarized as follows. 1. It is considered that low sludge product in the activated sludge system maintaining high dissolved oxygen concentration is attributed to the increase of endogeneous respiration rate caused by the increase of aerobic zone in the sludge floe. 2. The increase of dissolved oxygen concentration does not affect to the increase of organic removal efficiency greatly and therefore the limiting factor is the substrate transfer into the inner part of floe. 3. The yield coefficient, Y is decreased in proportion to the increase of oxygen concentration. In this study, Y values arre ranged from 0.70 to 0.41 according to the variation of dissolved oxygen concentration from 18.0mg/$\ell$ to 258 mg/$\ell$. 4. The optimum depth of deep shaft process should be determined within the limits of non-toxicity to the microorganism and it is about loom in this study.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2005

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate phosphorus and nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater by intermittently aerated activated sludge process packed with aluminum and silver plate. Three continuous experi­mental processes, i. e. an intermittently aerated activated sludge process(Run A), an intermittently aerated activated sludge process with an aluminum and silver plate packed into the reactor(Run B), and a reactor post stage(Run C) were compared. In the batch experiments, the phosphorus removal time in the reactor packed with aluminum and silver plate simultaneously was faster than that of the reactor packed with only an aluminum plate. More phos­phorus was removed with an increase of NaCl concentration. The pitting corrosion of aluminum does not affect the performance of the biological treatment. The total nitrogen removal efficiency in Run B was $57\%\;and\;43.6\%$ at the HRT of 12 and 6 hours respectively. The effluent $PO_{4-}P$ concentration as low as 1.0 mg/L could be ob­tainable through the continuous experiment in Run B at HRT of 6 hours.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2000

Sludge production from water treatment plants is increasing each year because water resources deterioration is proceeding and water supply facilities are growing due to water demand increase. Water treatment plant sludges can be modified to soil cover in sanitary landfilling site through the lime treatment and other alternatives. The compression strength of $1.0kg/cm^2$ is necessary for the dozer operation on soft son cover material at municipal landfilling site. Modified sludge was experimentally produced in this study with lime, bentonite, loess, and activated loess dosing. X-ray diffraction patterns of the limed water treatment plant sludge confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate and ettringite. Unconfined compression strength properties of modified sludges showed material property improvement applicable for soil cover alternatives. When adding 20-30% activated loess to water treatment plant sludges. the modified sludges could reach the compression strength for cover soil after 7 days solidification reaction, but decrease of compression strength was intentioned in 28 days reaction period. Solidification effect of the modified sludge with activated loess was observed through the scanning electron microscope.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.128-131
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• 2003

The effect of microwave irradiation on waste activated sludge was investigated in order to improve solubilization. a different levels of microwave irradiation time were varied within a range from 1 min to 15 min. When WAS was pretreated at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 15 min, the SCOD concentration increased according to microwave irradiation time. A simple batch procedure was used to measure the VFA potential, i.e. the amount of VFA that can be formed through digestion of organic constituent in sludge. At equilibrium point, TVFA in the case of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 15 min microwaved sludges was 8%, 122%, 243%, 279% and 232% higher than that in the case of raw sludge, respectively.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

Microscopic examination of the activated sludge and morphological characterization of the flocs provides detailed information about the treatment process. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological parameters of flocs obtained from a thermophilic jet loop membrane bioreactor (JLMBR) in different sludge retention times (SRTs), considering EPS and SMP concentration, hydrophobicity, zeta potential. The results showed that irregularity decreased with the increasing SRT. The compactness value was calculated to be less than 1 for all SRTs. However, the sludge had a more compact structure when the SRT increased. Zeta potential increased whereas hydrophobicity and floc size reduced, with increasing SRT. Furthermore, 2-D porosity calculated using the hole ratio was higher at greater SRTs. Hence, there was a significant correlation between the results obtained using the imaging technique and operation conditions of thermophilic JLMBR.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2008

Bulking phenomena and scum formation are common problem in suspended growth system like the activated sludge plants for wastewater treatment. Apart from wastewater composition, operating conditions, such as mechanical stress by insufficient oxygen supply, are often decisive for the occurrence of a bulking or scumming problem. There were the comparative aeration tanks in terms of sludge bulking caused by the difference of mechanical aeration facilities in the wastewater treatment plant of N paper mill company. In this study the cause of bulking was investigated through not only the biological isolation and identification but also a series of operational data consideration. On the basis of the investigation results for bulking cause, the operational criteria on dissolved oxygen concentration was derived to decrease the bulking problem.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1993

The problem for the removal of phosphorus increased due to reasons like eutrophication control. However its removal and operating criteria were not well developed. This study was made for enhanced removal of P by iron contactor by intermittent aeration activated sludge process. Experiment was conducted to find the effects of organic substance load and HRT, nutrient removal efficiency. When applied organic substance load and HRT, II &III reactor were good treatment efficient while come from Fe of iron contactor. Release of phophorus from II &III reactor sludge under anaerobic condition was low. As the process developed, the content of released ionized Fe from iron contactor increased. In addition, the rate of phosphorus removal became accelerating, and the removed sludge was stabilized in the existence of insoluble status.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.150-152
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• 1998

Now the lack of water is serious problem all over the world because of the growth of population and expansion of industrial activities. So wastewater recycle and reuse is essential in many countries. One of the most popular wastewater treatment processes is conventional activated sludge system. In spite of significant degree of treatment rate the biological process has some operational difficulties and capital disadvantages. In conventional activated sludge process, sludge settling condition is getting worse in case of sludge bulking, it is common that overall process fails due to wash-out of biomass causing low concentration of MLSS in the aeration tank. Because of the absence of claifier the membrane bioreactor(MBR) process is less affected by such problems.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1985

활성(活性)슬러지가 팽화(膨化)를 하였거나 환기조내(環氣槽內)의 MLSS 농도(濃度)가 높은 경우, 종래(從來)의 중력침전법(重力沈澱法)으로는 슬러지의 분리(分離)가 어렵다. 이 문제(問題)의 해결책으로 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)을 이용(利用)하는 방법(方法) 연구(硏究)하였다. 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)의 효과(效果)에 영향(影響) 주는 인자중(因子中) 중요(重要)하다고 생각되는 환기조내(環氣槽內)의 MLSS 온도(溫度), 슬러지의 성상( 性狀), 가압수량비(加壓水量比), 압력(壓力)의 변화(變化)에 따른 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)의 효율(效率)에 관하여 회분식(回分式) 실험(實險)과 연속식(連續式) 실허(實驗)을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 활성(活性)슬러지가 혼합액(混合液)의 분리(分離)가 종래(從來)의 중력침전법(重力沈澱法)으로는 어려운 경우에도 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)은 매우 좋은 효과(效果)를 나타낸다. 가압부상법(加壓浮上法)에는 한계(限界) 가압수량비(加壓水量比)가 존재(存在)하며 이 한계치(限界値)는 압력(壓力)에 따라 변화(變化)한다. 압력(壓力)은 단지 가압수량비(加壓水量比)에만 영향(影響)을 미치고 그 외(外)의 가압부상(加壓浮上) 효율(效率)에는 거의 영향(影響)이 없다. 연속식(連續式) 실험(實驗)이 회분식(回分式) 실험(實驗)보다 다소 효율(效率)이 떨어진다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.175-189
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• 2013

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with sludge retention time (SRT) of 300 days was maintained for over 2 years. Polypropylene microfiltration (MF) membrane with pore size of 0.2 ${\mu}m$ was used in the MBR system. The fouling behaviors of various sludge fractions from the MBR were studied and sub-divided resistances were analyzed. It was observed that $R_{cp}$ was a dominant resistance during the filtration of activated sludge, contributing 63.0% and 59.6% to the total resistance for MBR and sequential batch reactor (SBR) respectively. On the other hand, $R_c$ played the significant role during the filtration of supernatant and solutes, varying between 54.54% and 67.18%. Compared with $R_{cp}$ and $R_c$, $R_{if}$ was negligible, and $R_m$ values remained constant at $0.20{\times}10^{12}m^{-1}$. Furthermore, resistances of all sludge fractions increased linearly with rising mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration and growing trans-membrane pressure (TMP), while the relationship was inversed between fraction resistances and cross flow velocity (CFV). Among all fractions of activated sludge, suspended solid was the main contributor to the total resistance. A compact cake layer was clearly observed according to the field emission scanning electro microscopy (FE-SEM) images.