• Advances in materials Research
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.311-347
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• 2012

Infections are caused due to the infiltration of tissue or organ space by infectious bacterial agents, among which Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are clinically most relevant. While current treatment modalities are in general quite effective, several bacterial strains exhibit high resistance to them, leading to complications and additional surgeries, thereby increasing the patient morbidity rates. Titanium dioxide is a celebrated photoactive material and has been utilized extensively in antibacterial functions, making it a leading infection mitigating agent. In view of the property amelioration in materials via nanofication, free-standing titania nanofibers (pure and nominally doped) and nanocoatings (on Ti and Ti6Al4V implants) were fabricated and evaluated to assess their efficacy to mitigate the viability and growth of S. aureus upon brief (30 s) activation by a portable hand-held infrared laser. In order to gauge the effect of exposure and its correlation with the antibacterial activities, both isolated (only titania substrate) and simultaneous (substrate submerged in the bacterial suspension) activations were performed. The bactericidal efficacy of the IR-activated $TiO_2$ nanocoatings was also tested against E. coli biofilms. Toxicity study was conducted to assess any potential harm to the tissue cells in the presence of photoactivated materials. These investigations showed that the photoactivated titania nanofibers caused greater than 97% bacterial necrosis of S. aureus. In the case of titania-coated Ti-implant surrogates, the bactericidal efficacy exceeded 90% in the case of pre-activation and was 100% in the case of simultaneous-activation. In addition to their high bactericidal efficacy against S. aureus, the benignity of titania nanofibers and nanocoatings towards tissue cells during in-vivo exposure was also demonstrated, making them safe for use in implant devices.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the efficient propagation method of Cyrtomium caryoptideum var. coreanum by sporophyte culture. The influence of origin of explant sources (rhizome, blade, or stipe) and homogenization of culture materials on shoot regeneration were investigated. As a result, only rhizome explant exhibited the organogenic capacity and the shoot regeneration was promoted by homogenization of culture material. Vigorous and excellent growth of multiple shoots was induced on the half-strength of inorganic salts containing MS medium. It was appeared that optimum nitrogen content of shoot regeneration was half-strength of nitrogen containing MS medium (30mM) and optimum sucrose concentration was 1%. Addition of $NaH_2PO_4$ to culture medium generally enhanced shoot multiplication and promoted growth of the regenerants. The organogenic capacity of homogenized rhizomes was especially promoted on medium supplemented with $5{\mu}M$ kinetin plus $5{\mu}M$ IBA. The incorporation of $0.1\sim0.2%$ activated charcoal on medium supplemented with growth regulators prevented the formation of multiple bud primordia - nodule-like bud clusters and improved the normal morphogenesis of sporophytes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.274-285
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• 2020

In this study, ovalbumin (OVA) hydrolysates were prepared using various proteolytic enzymes and the anti-inflammatory activities of the hydrolysates were determined. Also, the potential application of OVA as a functional food material was discussed. The effect of OVA hydrolysates on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated via the Griess reaction, and their effects on the expression of inducible NO synthase (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) were assessed using the quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. To determine the mechanism by which OVA hydrolysates activate macrophages, pathways associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were evaluated. When the OVA hydrolysates were added to RAW 264.7 cells without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, they did not affect the production of NO. However, both the OVA-Protex 6L hydrolysate (OHPT) and OVA-trypsin hydrolysate (OHT) inhibited NO production dose-dependently in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Especially, OHT showed a strong NO-inhibitory activity (62.35% at 2 mg/mL) and suppressed iNOS production and the mRNA expression for iNOS (p<0.05). Also, OHT treatment decreased the phosphorylation levels of Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in the MAPK signaling pathway. These findings suggested that OVA hydrolysates could be used as an anti-inflammatory agent that prevent the overproduction of NO.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution For decades, Spergularia marina, a local food that is popular in South Korea, has been regarded as a nutritious source of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. While several halophytes are reported to possess distinct bioactivities, S. marina has yet to be promoted as a natural source of bioactives. In this study, the effects of S. marina on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and C2C12 myoblast cells were evaluated. The anti-adipogenic effect of S. marina was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation marker expression. S. marina treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and notably decreased the gene levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. In addition, S. marina enhanced osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators, namely bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, and type I collagen. In conclusion, S. marina could be a source of functional food ingredients that improve osteoporosis and obesity. Further studies, including activity-based fractionation, will elucidate the mechanism of action and active ingredients of S. marina, which would provide researchers with a better understanding of the nutraceutical and therapeutic applications of S. marina.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2006

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease that is characterized by invasive synovial hyperplasia, leading to progressive joint destruction. Recent studies have described that RA is caused by virus, bacteria or outside material. Approximately 2 to 20% of RA cases arc reported to be associated with infected hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the mechanisms underlying virus-induced RA are still unknown. Moreover, few molecular studies have addressed the inflammatory aspects of HCV-associated autoimmune RA. In this study, we aimed to determine whe ther or not another HCV core protein transactivates the IL-8 gene expression, prototypic chemokine, in synovial cell. Methods: To establish the HCV core expressing stable synovial cell line, pCI-neo-core, a plasmid encoding HCV core protein, were transfected to HIG-82 cell line that is an established cell line from rabbit periaricular soft tissue. We examined the morphological changes and cell cycle distribution of HIG-82 cells with expression of HCV core protein by inverted microscopy and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Also, we determined the mRNA levels of Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 related to the inflammation by RT-PCR and then analyzed regulation of IL-8 expression by the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway. Results: Our study showed no significant differences in morphology and cell cycle between HIG-82 control cell line and HIG-82 expressing HCV core protein. However, expression of HCV core protein induces the IL-8 mRNA expression in HIG-82 core cells via activated NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway. Conclusion: These results suggest that HCV core protein can lead to enhanced IL-8 expression. Such a proinflammatory role may contribute to the etiologic pathogenesis in RA patients with HCV infection.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1823-1826
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• 2002

The purpose of this experiment was to develope Triggered Vacuum Switch (TVS) for the high voltage and high current. The TVS has an array of rods of alternate polarity in which a fixed gap spacing is maintained between the rods. The cross section of each rod has trapezoidal shape. It consists of electrode, ceramic chamber, getter and trigger. Currently, triggered vacuum switch (TVS) with seal-off has been designed and fabricated at PAL. An experimentation and trigger devices for TVS were designed for testing characteristics of electricity. For making the prototype of TVS, it is developed of fabrication process and fined of electrode material. The fabrication of the TVS is a lot of process which have manufacturing of part, chemical clean, ceramic brazing and metal welding. The fabricated TVS is tested of leak for vacuum, hold-off voltage and conditioning of trigger system. The TVS has pinch-off after it is removed of gas in the TVS and activated of getter in degassing furnace. The prototype TVS tested about 20 kV, 75 kA, 83 ${\mu}s$ with 100 kJ capacitor bank and inductance 5 ${\mu}H$. This paper describes the results of tests and the characteristics of the switch.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2017

In order to evaluate the maximal storable period of the raw crab for a non-thermal muscle separation, the quality changes of the leg meat of red snow crab (Chionoecetes japonicus) during freeze storage were investigated. Fresh red snow crabs were stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 weeks, and the leg muscle was separated by a no heating separation (NHS) method every week. During the storage, considerable loss of the leg muscle did not occur and microbiological risk was very low. In contrast, discoloration appeared at 2-week storage on around carapace and the leg muscle turned yellow at storage 3-week. In physiochemical parameters, protein and free amino acids gradually decreased with storage time, expected that proteolytic enzymes still activated at $-20^{\circ}C$. At 4-week storage, the sensory acceptance dropped down below point 4 as low as inedible and notable inflection points in pH and acidity were observed. The volatile base nitrogen was low, though a little increase was recorded. These results suggested that the maximal storable period at $-20^{\circ}C$ of the raw material was within 2 weeks and it was depended on external factor such as the discoloration. The present study might be referred as basic data for approaches to solve quality loss occurred in non-thermal muscle separation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.359-372
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• 2015

Purpose: Through studying the expert's and non-experts panel responses to the questions regarding the attributes of chemical-biological protection cloth quality in terms of the levels of customer demand and technical factors has been studied. We are applied to a QFD matrix with find out the relationship between the selective removal efficiency of chemical-biological cloth and the guidelines of technical approach. Methods: We fabricated several composite of ion-exchange resins with selectively permeable performance designed to facilities water vapor transport and selective adsorption of the harmful gases. With these materials, we characterized on the selectively permeable performance to identify ion-exchange resin with chemical-biological protective cloth. Results: Results showed that ion exchange materials possessed performance with selectively efficiencies as NH3, SOx, NOx and HCl gas. The selective adsorption amount of ammonia and hydrogen gases were $90-80{\mu}g/g$ with TRILITE SCR-BH sulfonated ion exchange resin. The PP non-woven/ion exchange resin adsorbent materials possessed performance with water vapor permeability were 1,100-1,350 g/m2/day, it's was two times high value compare with activated carbon. With these materials, we characterized selectively removal efficiency to identify new ion-exchange material with chemical-biological protective capability. Conclusion: This study shows that a QFD aids in deciding with of the adsorption parameters to optimized with chemical-biological protection cloth manufacturing.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1008-1013
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• 2004

Effects of extraction conditions and molecular fractionation on anticoagulant activities of major brown seaweeds in Korea were investigated. Hot water extracts of C. costata, U. pinnatifida (Sporophyte), L. japonica, K. crassifolia, E. stolonifera, E. bicyclis, S. horneri, and E. kurome increaced activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) over 190 seconds, which may be related to intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Hot water extract of E. Kurome (EKJ) was further fractionated by ethanol precipitation. EKJ-eim, ethanol-insoluble material of EKJ, showed higher anticoagulant activity than EKJ. EKJ-eim was further fractioned with ultrafiltration. EKJ-eim 1, (over 100 kDa) fraction showed higher APTT activity than EKJ-eim. A EKJ-eim 1 was sulfated polysaccharide consisting of fucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose and, sulfate at molar ratio of 1 : 0.05 : 0.10 : 0.15 : 0.17 : 1.46. The anticoagulant activity increased as sulfate content and molecular weight increased.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.199-212
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• 2005

Objective : Airway inflammation is now regarded as a defining feature of asthma. The importance of eosinophits in the airway inflammation of asthma patients is widely recognized, and eosinophils mobilization in the respiratory epithelium is activated by chemoattractants and cytokines. This study was designed to examine the extent of the ability of Moutan Cortex Radicis to inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis of pulmonary epithelium after allergic stimulation. Material and Methods : Water extracts of Moutan Cortex Radicis and pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549(human type II-like epithelial cells) and human eosinophils were used. Cytotoxic effects of Moutan Cortex Radicis were estimated via MTS assay, and the effects of Moutan Cortex Radicis on chemokines from prestimulated A549 cells were estimated by sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR. Chemotaxis assay on prestimulated eosinophils treated with Moutan Cortex Radicis. was conducted Result : In this study we demonstrated that $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4, $IL-1{\beta}$ induced the accumulation of chemokines' mRNA in the pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549 in a dose-dependent manner. Chemokines of eotaxin, ICAM-1, YCAM-1, IL-8, IL-16 were inhibited by Moutan Cortex Radicis in a dose dependent manner, but RANTES showed no inhibition due to Moutan Cortex Radicis. Eosinophil migration was inhibited at high concentrations of Moutan Cortex Radicis. Conculusion : These findings are indicative of supression of chemokines accomplished by Moutan Cortex Radicis treatment, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of Moutan Cortex Radicis for treating diseases such as asthma.