• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.291-295
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• 2012

We previously reported that Hydnocarpi Semen (HS) has a wound healing effect on diabetic foot ulcer lesion in mice. In this study, ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction from HS extract were evaluated for their wound healing activity by using in vitro acute inflammation model. GC and GC/MS analysis shows that the main constituents in EtOAc fraction are chaulmoogric acid, hydnocarpic acid, and gorlic acid. EtOAc fraction activated macrophages to increase the production of TNF-${\alpha}$. The fraction also increased the production of TGF-${\beta}$ and VEGF, which induced fibroblast activation and angiogenesis. These results suggest that the mechanism that the fraction helps to enhance healing of skin wound is possibly associated with the production of TNF-${\alpha}$, as well as secretion of VEGF, TGF-${\beta}$ and HS may have a new bioactive material for the treatment of skin wound.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1360-1363
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• 2006

A borate compound was adopted as new host material for $EU^{3+}$ activator. The $Eu^{3+}-doped\;YCa_3(GaO)_3(BO_3)_4$ (YCGB) phosphors were successfully synthesized. Also, their photoluminescence properties under the excitation of UV ray were measured. In the XRD patterns of the synthesized powders, most peaks were well-matched to a gaudefroyite phase. The emission of $Eu^{3+}$ in YCGB consists of a strong peak centered at 622 nm, which is attributed to $^5D_O-^7F_2$ transition of $Eu^{3+}$ and several weak peaks at near the wavelength. Optimum $Eu^{3+}$ concentration of the red phosphor under the excitation with the wavelength of 395 nm was about 75 mol%. This indicates that the red phosphor has a relatively higher critical concentration than that of the other $Eu^{3+}-doped$ phosphors. The dominant interaction character of $Eu^{3+}$ might be dipole-dipole interaction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.473-474
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• 2010

This high pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction study examined the change of bulk modulus of C-S-H(I), core material creating strength in alkali-activated slag cement as well as structural model of C-S-H, mainly attributed to Al-substitution for Si, which occurs at the bridging tetrahedral sites in dreierketten silicate chains in the nanostructure of C-S-H(I). This study presents that Al-substitution in C-S-H(I) does not affect the bulk modulus of C-S-H(I), which is surprising because many researchers have expected that Al-substitution should induce some critical change in mechanical properties of C-S-H(I).

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.65-68
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• 2013

A novel bumping process using solder bump maker (SBM) is developed for fine-pitch flip chip bonding. It features maskless screen printing process. A selective solder bumping mechanism without the mask is based on the material design of SBM. Maskless screen printing process can implement easily a fine-pitch, low-cost, and lead-free solder-on-pad (SoP) technology. Its another advantage is ternary or quaternary lead-free SoP can be formed easily. The process includes two main steps: one is the thermally activated aggregation of solder powder on the metal pads on a substrate and the other is the reflow of the deposited powder on the pads. Only a small quantity of solder powder adjacent to the pads can join the first step, so a quite uniform SoP array on the substrate can be easily obtained regardless of the pad configurations. Through this process, an SoP array on an organic substrate with a pitch of 130 ${\mu}m$ is, successfully, formed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.29A no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 1992

Concurrent Junction process (simultaneous formation of a silicide and a junction on the implanted substrate) by Rapid Thermal Annealig has been investigated. Electrical and material properties of CoSi$_2$ films were analyzed with Alpha Step, 4-point probe, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). And CoSi$_2$ junctions were examined with Spreading Resistance probe in order to see the redistribution of electrically activated dopants and determined the junction depth. Two step annealing process, which was 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 30sec and 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 30sec in NS12T ambient was employed to form CoSi$_2$ and shallow junctions. Resistivity of CoSi$_2$ was turned out to be 11-15${\mu}$cm and shallow junctions less than 0.1$\mu$m were successfully formed by the process. It was found that the dopant concentration at CoSi$_2$/Si interface increased as decreasing the thickness of Co films in case of $p^{+}/n$ and $n^{+}/p$ junctions while the junction depth decreased as increasing CoSiS12T thickness in case of $p^{+}/n$ junction.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2020

The removal characteristics of copper (Cu) from electrochemical surface by voltage-activated reaction were reviewed to assess the applicability of electrochemical-mechanical polishing (ECMP) process in three types of electrolytes, such as HNO₃, KNO₃ and NaNO₃. Electrochemical surface conditions such as active, passive, transient and trans-passive states were monitored from its current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curves obtained by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) method. In addition, the oxidation and reduction process of the Cu surface by repetitive input of positive and negative voltages were evaluated from the I-V curve obtained using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. Finally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were used to observe the structural surface states of a Cu electrode. The electrochemical analyses proposed in this study will help to accurately control the material removal rate (MRR) from the actual ECMP process because they are a good methodology for predicting optimal electrochemical process parameters such as current density, operating voltage, and operating time before performing the ECMP process.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

Objectives: We have treated people who have color vision defects with oriental medicine; here we demonstrate several representative cases to illustrate the effectiveness of our treatment. Material and methods: We recruited study patients who visited one oriental hospital for color vision defects. We show several representative cases to illustrate the effectiveness of our treatment. The study initially consisted of 178 subjects who took part during a 3-year period. Subjects, all of whom consented to this treatment and trial, were classified by those who have a color vision defect and those who don't by the Ishihara test and another by the Hahn color vision test. We tried color vision correction treatment with acupuncture. Acupuncture therapy where the retina and optic nerves were activated was conducted in parallel with vision correction. Assessment of therapy was conducted at 30 times, 60 times, 90 times, or 120 times of therapy. Results: Assessment of therapy was performed by conducting treatment 30 times, 60 times, 90 times, or 120 times. Surprisingly, all subjects could correctly recognize color after the treatment; although there were case by case differences according to the number of therapy treatments each individual received. Conclusions: Color vision defects can be treated. To enable those with color vision defects to enjoy better quality of life and increased opportunity in color vision-dependent job fields, therapy to correct the problem is a viable option.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.705-706
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• 2002

Hemodynamics of the TPLS(Twin Pulse Life Support System) is numerically investigated to delineate the possibility of hemolysis in blood. Computational method employing finite element algorithm is utilized to solve the blood flow of the sac squeezed by moving actuator. We assume that the blood flow interacts with the sac material which is activated by the rigid body motion of the actuator. Valve dynamics at the ends of the sac is simplified as on/off type motion. We compute the transient viscous flow in the two-dimensional geometry of the blood sac. Incompressible laminar flow is simulated on the assumption of Newtonian fluid. Blood velocity has a step gradient near the throat of the sac formed by the moving actuator. According to the decrease of the gap size of blood passage, the magnitude of shear stress in the blood is dramatically increased. Numerical solutions show that the maximum value of shear stress in the blood flow in TPLS is relatively smaller than that of the roller type ECLS.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2003

Disassembly is a fundamental process needed for component reuse and material recycling in all assembled products. Integral attachments, also known as 'snap' fits, are favored fastening means in design for assembly (DFA) methodologies, but not necessarily a favored choice for design for disassembly. In this paper, design methods of a new class of integral attachments are proposed, where the snapped joints can be disengaged by the application of localized heat sources. The design problem of reversible integral attachments is posed as the design of compliant mechanisms actuated with localized thermal expansion of materials. Topology optimization technique is utilized to obtain conceptual layout of snap-fit mechanisms that realizes a desired deformation of snapped features for joint release. Two design approaches are attempted and design results of each approach are presented, where the geometrical configuration extracted from optimal topologies are simplified to enhance the manufacturability for the conventional injection molding technologies. To maximize the magnitude of deformation, a design scheme has been proposed to include boundary conditions as design variables. Final designs are verified using commercial software for finite element analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2005

Diagostic imaging can help in management of toxicologic emergencies. We report a patient who presented to the emergency department with coma and suppressed respiration after ingestion of unknown substance. We documented chloroform with radiopaque material in bowel on abdominal radiograph. We used activated charcoal and laxative to decontaminate bowel. Hepatotoxicity occurred on 3rd admission day and elevation of liver enzyme reached peak level on 5th admission day. The patient received hemoperfusion, N-acetylsystein and supportive cares. The patient was improved from hepatic dysfunction and discharged without complication on 11th admission day. Radiograph in toxicology may confirm a diagnosis and assist in therapeutic intervention.