• 공업화학
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 활성탄소의 테트라사이클린 흡착성능을 향상시키기 위해 5, 10, 및 15분의 시간에 따른 질소 플라즈마 처리를 실시하였다. 모든 질소 플라즈마 처리된 활성탄소는 미처리 활성탄소와 비교하여 테트라사이클린 흡착성능이 개선되었다. 이는 활성탄소에 도입된 질소 작용기가 테트라사이클린과 π-π 상호작용 및 수소 결합을 통하여 화학흡착을 야기하기 때문이다. 특히, 80 W 및 50 kHz의 질소 플라즈마 처리에서, 10분 동안 처리된 활성탄소가 가장 우수한 흡착성능을 가졌다. 이 때, 활성탄소 표면의 질소 함량은 2.03%이며 비표면적은 1,483 m²/g까지 증가하였다. 이렇게 질소플라즈마 처리에 의해 개선된 활성탄소는 물리 및 화학 흡착성능이 향상되었다. 또한, 흡착 실험 결과가 Langmuir 흡착등온식과 유사 2차 반응속도식에 잘 부합하므로, 질소 플라즈마 처리된 활성탄소의 테트라사이클린 흡착은 단분자층으로 이루어지는 화학 흡착이 주도적으로 일어나는 것으로 판단하였다. 결과적으로, 질소 플라즈마 처리된 활성탄소는 주도적인 화학 흡착과 더불어 물리 흡착의 시너지 효과로 수중에서 테트라사이클린을 효율적으로 제거하는 흡착재로 사용될 수 있다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2015

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by activation of coal tar pitch (CTP) in the range of $700^{\circ}C-1000^{\circ}C$ for 1-4 h using potassium hydroxide (KOH) powder as the activation agent. The optimal activation conditions were determined to be a CTP/KOH ratio of 1:4, activation temperature of $900^{\circ}C$, and activation time of 3 h. The obtained ACs showed increased pore size distribution in the range of 1 to 2 nm and the highest specific capacitance of 122 F/g in a two-electrode system with an organic electrolyte, as measured by a charge-discharge method in the voltage range of 0-2.7 V. In order to improve the performance of the electric double-layer capacitor electrode, various mixtures of CTP and petroleum pitch (PP) were activated at the optimal activation conditions previously determined for CTP. Although the specific capacitance of AC electrodes prepared from CTP only and the mixtures of CTP and PP was not significantly different at a current density of 1 A/g, the AC electrodes from CTP and PP mixtures showed outstanding specific capacitance at higher current rates. In particular, CTP-PP61 (6:1 mixture) had the highest specific capacitance of 132 F/g, and the specific capacitance remained above 90% at a high current density of 3 A/g. It was found that the high specific capacitance could be attributed to the increased micro-pore volume of ACs with pore sizes from 1 to 2 nm, and the high power density could be attributed to the increased meso-pore volume.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

본 연구는 스테인레스 스틸망에 페놀수지와 셀룰로즈를 이용한 활성탄소 망의 제조에 관한 것이다. 본 연구에서 활성화제로는 $ZnCl_2$를 사용하였다. $ZnCl_2$을 이용한 회화학적 활성화 방법은 활성탄소에게 많은 공극을 제공하는 것으로 일려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 스테인레스 스틸망과 페놀수지를 이용한 활성탄소망의 제조에 관한 최적의 조건을 찾아내는 것이다. 활성화온도가 $450^{\circ}C$이상에서 요오드 흡착능이 높았으며, 페놀수지만을 금속 지지체에 입힌 경우 활성화온도 $550^{\circ}C$와 $ZnCl_2$ 농도 15%, 페놀수지 농도 20% 일 때 요오드 흡착능이 657mg/g로 측정되었다. 페놀수지 에 셀룰로즈를 첨가 하였을 경우, 활성화 $550^{\circ}C$와 $ZnCl_2$농도 15%, 셀룰로즈함량 10%에서 요오드 흡착량이 1359.4mg/g을 나타내었다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제28권
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• pp.116-120
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• 2018

Nitrogen-doped carbons have attracted much attention due to their novel application in relation to gas storage. In this study, nitrogen-doped porous carbons were synthesized using SBA-15 as a template, polypyrrole as the carbon and nitrogen precursor, and KOH as an activating agent. The effect of the activation temperature ($600-850^{\circ}C$) on the $CO_2$ adsorption capacity of the obtained porous carbons was studied. Characterization of the resulting carbons showed that they were micro-/meso-porous carbon materials with a well-developed pore structure that varied with the activation temperature. The highest surface area of $1488m^2g^{-1}$ was achieved at an activation temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ (AC-800). The nitrogen content of the activated carbon decreased from 4.74 to 1.39 wt% with an increase in the activation temperature from 600 to $850^{\circ}C$. This shows that nitrogen is oxidized and more easily removed than carbon during the activation process, which indicates that C-N bonds are more easily ruptured at higher temperatures. Furthermore, $CO_2$ adsorption isotherms showed that AC-800 exhibited the best $CO_2$ adsorption capacity of $110mg\;g^{-1}$ at 298 K and 1 bar.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.660-666
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• 2010

Carbon aerogels are promising materials as electrodes for electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). An optimum process is presented for synthesis of nanoporous carbon aerogels via pyrolyzing resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic aerogels, which could be cost-effectively manufactured from RF wet gels. The major reactions between resorcinol and formaldehyde include an addition reaction to form hydroxymethyl derivatives ($-CH_2OH$), and then a condensation reaction of the hydroxymethyl derivatives ($-CH_2-$)- and methylene ether ($-CH_2OCH_2-$) bridged compounds. The textural properties of carbon aerogels obtained were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis and SEM and TEM. The application of the resultant carbon for electrodes of electric double layers capacitor (EDLC) in organic TEABF4/ACN electrolyte indicated that the ESR, as low as 55 $m{\Omega}$, was smaller than for commercially activated carbons. And EDLC with carbon Aerogel electrodes has an excellent stable more than for commercially activated carbons.

• Carbon letters
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2016

Global warming is considered one of the great challenges of the twenty-first century. In order to reduce the ever-increasing amount of methane (CH₄) released into the atmosphere, and thus its impact on global climate change, CH₄ storage technologies are attracting significant research interest. CH₄ storage processes are attracting technological interest, and methane is being applied as an alternative fuel for vehicles. CH₄ storage involves many technologies, among which, adsorption processes such as processes using porous adsorbents are regarded as an important green and economic technology. It is very important to develop highly efficient adsorbents to realize techno-economic systems for CH₄ adsorption and storage. In this review, we summarize the nanomaterials being used for CH₄ adsorption, which are divided into non-carbonaceous (e.g., zeolites, metal-organic frameworks, and porous polymers) and carbonaceous materials (e.g., activated carbons, ordered porous carbons, and activated carbon fibers), with a focus on recent research.

• 공업화학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1991

1980년대 발전된 크세논-129 핵자기 공명분광법은 제올라이트나 활성탄 또는 알루미나와 같은 다공성 물질에 크세논 기체를 흡착시킨 후에 기 기체중에 존재하는 천연동위원소 $^{129}Xe$의 핵자기 공명신호의 화학적이동(chemical shift)이나 선폭(linewidth)으로 부터 그 물질의 물리화학적 특성을 분석하는 방법이다. 현재까지 이 방법은 주로 제올라이트 촉매를 제조하거나 반응시키는 경우에 있어서 담지된 금속 물질의 위치와 화학변화 및 담체 자체의 성질변화 등을 감지하는데 있어서 탁월한 것으로 알려져 있으며, 최근에는 이 방법이 활성탄과 실리카, 알루미나와 같은 비정형 물질에도 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다는 것이 발표되었다. 여기서는, 이 크세논-129 핵자기 공명 분광법의 원리와 실험방법 및 불균일계 촉매연구 분야에서 이 방법의 이용에 대한 최근의 연구결과들을 요약하여 소개한다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제25권
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

Hierarchically porous, chemically activated carbon materials are readily derived from biomass using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and chemical activation processes. In this study, empty fruit bunches (EFB) were chosen as the carbon source due to their sustainability, high lignin-content, abundance, and low cost. The lignin content in the EFB was condensed and carbonized into a bulk non-porous solid via the HTC process, and then transformed into a hierarchical porous structure consisting of macro- and micropores by chemical activation. As confirmed by various characterization results, the optimum activation temperature for supercapacitor applications was determined to be $700^{\circ}C$. The enhanced capacitive performance is attributed to the textural property of the extremely high specific surface area of $2861.4m^2\;g^{-1}$. The prepared material exhibited hierarchical porosity and surface features with oxygen functionalities, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, suitable for pseudocapacitance. Finally, the as-optimized nanoporous carbons exhibited remarkable capacitive performance, with a specific capacitance of $402.3F\;g^{-1}$ at $0.5A\;g^{-1}$, a good rate capability of 79.8% at current densities from $0.5A\;g^{-1}$ to $10A\;g^{-1}$, and excellent life cycle behavior of 10,000 cycles with 96.5% capacitance retention at $20A\;g^{-1}$.

• Carbon letters
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2009

Potassium hydroxide activated carbons were prepared from Egyptian petroleum cokes with different KOH/coke ratios and at different activation temperatures and times. The textural properties were determined by adsorption of nitrogen at $-196^{\circ}C$. The adsorption of iodine and methylene blue was also investigated at $30^{\circ}C$. The surface area and the non-micropore volume increased whereas the micropore volume decreased with the increase of the ratio KOH/coke. Also the surface area and porosity increased with the rise of activation temperature from 500 to $800^{\circ}C$. Textural parameter considerably increased with the increase of activation time from 1 to 3 h. Further increasing of activation time from 3 to 4 h was associated with a less pronounced increase in textural parameters. The adsorption of iodine shows the same trend of surface area and porosity change exhibited by nitrogen adsorption, with KOH/coke ratio and temperature of activation. Adsorption of methylene blue follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and its equilibrium adsorption follows Langmuir and D-R models.

• Carbon letters
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2013

In this study, activated carbons nanofibers (ACNFs) were prepared from polyacrylonitrile-based nanofibers by physical ($H_2O$ and $CO_2$) and chemical (KOH) activation. The surface and structural characteristics of the porous carbon were observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Pore characteristics were investigated by $N_2$/77K adsorption isotherms. The specific surface area of the physically ACNFs was increased up to $2400m^2/g$ and the ACNFs were found to be mainly composed of micropore structures. Chemical activation using KOH produced ACNFs with high specific surface area (up to $2500m^2/g$), and the micropores were mainly found in the ACNFs. The physically and chemically ACNFs showed both mainly type I from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry classification.