• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.8673-8678
• /
• 2015

This study is on the development of the growth diagnosis system for tomato. We defined the key index which affect to the growth of the tomato. Using the key index, we can make a diagnosis the status of the growth and take action to tomato. The index consists of Measure Index(MI) which is used to confirm the status of the tomato using the continuous growth check and Period Index(PI) which decide to the step whether vegetation period or reproductive growth period of the tomato. The system supports MI and PI recording module using the observation diary. In case of MI, the diagnosis is the result of the comparing work with the observed data and the standard value of MI. A a result of diagnosis, the system provides the action information. The system implemented to extend to the other plants. Using the system, Farms may be expected to enhance the productivity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intervention combined with 3D visual feedback and motion observation on postural alignment and cerebral cortical activity in subjects with forward head posture (FHP). Methods : The study included 28 participants with FHP, randomly divided into a 3D visual feedback plus motion observation group (n=14) or control group (n=14). The experimental group received corrective exercise combined with 3D visual feedback and motion observation for FHP, three times a week for four weeks. We examined cervical spine radiographs in the lateral standing position with both arms crossed to measure the craniovertebral angle (CVA) and cervical lordosis (CL). Relative alpha (RA) and beta waves (RB) were measured by wireless dry EEG. Results : The CVA value was significantly different between the groups, and the CL value was significantly different only in the experimental group. RA and RB values were not significantly different before and after intervention in the control group. RB values were significantly decreased before and after intervention in the experimental group. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, we suggest that interventions combined with motion observation and 3D visual feedback may be effective as exercise methods to improve postural alignment and cerebral activity in subjects with FHP. Further research is required to generalize our results on technical supplementation complemented with 3D visual feedback devices.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.76-85
• /
• 2014

When conscious and unconscious exploring information of space-visitors which is contained in the information acquired in the process of seeing any space is analyzed, it can be found what those visitors pick up as factors in the space for its selection as visual information in order to put it into action. This study, with the object of the space reproduced in three dimensions from the cafe which was visited for conversation, has analyzed the process of acquiring space-information by sex to find out the features of scanning path, findings of which are the followings. First, the rate of scanning type of males was "Combination (50.5%)- Circulation (31.0%) and that of females "Horizontal (32.5%) - Combination (32.1%)", which shows that there was a big difference by sex in the scanning path which took place in the process of observing any space. Second, when the features of continuous observation frequency by sex is looked into, the trends of increased "horizontal" scanning and decreased "Combination" scanning of both showed the same as the frequency of continuous observations increased, while in case of "Circulation" scanning, that of females was found to decrease but that of males showed the aspect of confusion. Third, the 'Combination' scanning of males was found strong at the short observation time with three times of continuous observation frequency defined as "Attention Concentration" while the distinct feature was seen that the scanning type was dispersed to "combination-circulation" as the frequency of continuous observation increased. Females start the information acquirement with "combination-circulation" but in the process of visual appreciation they showed a strong "Horizontal" These scanning features can be defined as those by sex for acquiring space information and therefore are very significant because they are fundamental studies which will enable any customized space-design by sex.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.2 no.1 s.2
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2002

The usage of nitrous oxide is increased for the anxious patient to dental treatment. There are two methods to induce the sedation during dental treatment. One is sedation with drugs the other no need of drugs. We discussed here about sedation with drugs. The methods of drug administration are oral, intramuscular, intravenous, inhalation. The method of oral administration of drugs are convenient to patient and doctor but poor controllability. Intramuscular method is a parenteral technique that maintains several advantages over the enteral technique. However its pales in comparison to other parenteral technique. Intravenous method represents most effective method of ensuring predictable and adequate sedation in all patients. But it has inability to reverse the action of drugs after they have been injected except some drugs (e.g., narcotics and benzodiazepine). A variety of gaseous agents may be administered by inhalation to produce sedation. In dental practice, the inhalation administration of gas means use of nitrous oxide. There are many advantages of nitrous oxide administration. First, very short latent period and rapid onset of drug action which lead to possible titration of drug concentration. With nitrous oxide, clinical effects may become noticeable as quickly as 15 to 30 seconds after inhalation. Recovery from inhalation sedation is also quite rapid. In out patient dental practice rapid recovery is very important because it permit to discharge the patient without escort and the patient return to their ordinary life without limit. To success the conscious sedation with nitrous oxide, the administrator should be keep the mind that always titration of nitrous oxide concentration during induction and treatment. Careful observation need during treatment to prevent oversedation because the adequate nitrous oxide concentration to patients changed by environmental stress. Always begins with 100% oxygen and ends with 100% oxygen to prevent diffusion hypoxia which rare in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.70-78
• /
• 1982

To investigate the effect of 'Saengkankunbi-Tang' on the liver tissue recovery in about 70% cutted rat liver, the observation on the photographing by the Gamma-camera and the electromicroscopic section against the rabbit liver induced by $CCl_4$, these studies were conducted. The results were summarized as follows; Observed on the liver tissue recovery, function regeneration and body weight increase in about 70% cutted rat liver, the recovery of liver tissue and body weight were increased with the passage of the time and also they were showed to the high increase rate in proportion to administration amount. The glucose content in the serum was found in increasing tide as compared with the control group. The alkaline phosphate activity in the serum showed the significant difference in the 10th day and 13th day as compared with the control group. The ammonia content in the blood showed the significant difference only in the 10th day. Observed on the photographing by the Gamma-camera against the rabbit liver induced by $CCl_4$, sample groups were shown to be significant recovery as compared with the control group. Observed on the electromicroscopic section, sample groups showed the control action of the nuclear destruction against the rabbit liver induced by $CCl_4$ and also they showed the control action of the expansion of glycogen and granular endothelial reticulum in cytoplasm. According to the above finding, it is presume that 'Saengkankunbi-Tang' can be applicable to the extensive treatment of liver disease.

• International Journal of Railway
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2010

The steel plate-girder bridges with concrete gravity piers have possibilities of overturning by lateral inertial force which can be reproduced by sudden earthquake attack. This paper explores an overturning mechanism of existing concrete gravity pier onto the sandy soil in the event of lateral push-over load by in-situ experimental observation. The in-situ push-over experiment for pier with earth anchors between spread footing and rock beds exhibits a reasonable enhancement of ductility against overturning. In unanchored system, a flexural crack at cold joint of concrete pier is not developed because of the over-turning of the pier. This leads a global instability (rotation) of pier-footing system with relatively low stresses in pier itself. While a lateral load is persistently increased in anchored system, the successive flexural cracking failure at cold joint is observed even after the local shear failure of soil due to redistribution of stress equilibrium between soil and pier structure as long as a tensile action of anchor cable is active.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.246-251
• /
• 1990

Intermolecular interaction between barbiturates and membrane components such as phospholipid and cholesterol were investigated on $^1$H-NMR spectra and infrared spectra. According to previous reports, barbiturates interacted with phospholipid through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. We also investigated thi observation using dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as phospholipid in deuterochloroform, and characterized quantitatively. Also, the observed drug could interact with cholesterol which is one of the major components of biomembranes through hydrogen bonds. It was the carbonyl groups of barbiturate and the hydroxyl group of cholesterol that formed hydrogen bond complex. In addition to spectroscopic studies, we investigated the direct effect of phenobarbital on lipid multibilayer vesicles, whose compositions were varied, by calorimetric method. Phenobarbital caused a reduction in the temperature of phase transition of vesicles. These studies may provided a basis for interpreting the mode of action of barbiturates.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 1971

This study was planned to see whether the Panax Ginseng root has any influence upon the emotionality in rats exposed to a novel open-field and induced by a grid shock. Sixty four male albino rats whose body weight ranged from 130 to 180 gm were used. They were divided into four groups, i.e., placebo control group, 5mg/kg Ginseng ext. group, 10mg/kg Ginseng ext. group, and 20mg/kg Ginseng ext. group. Sixteen rats were subjected in each group. Open-field activity was measured in a $2.20m\;{\times}\;2.20m$ open-field that was divided into 15cm squares. Four novel objects and food pellets were put with an equal distance in the open-field. Locomotion was recorded by entering the number of squares traversed for 4 min. and behaviors which were shown at the 10-sec. period were checked by a modified Jarrad and Bunnel's observation procedure. Sensitivity to the grid shock was measured in a compartment of shuttle box. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 volt ac. 2 sec., electric shock were delivered in each subject by the grid to animal's feet. Flinch, vocalization and jumping responses were rated in each shock level. The results obtained were as follows: 1.) 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg Ginseng ext. groups were tended to increase the ambulation and exploration compared with placebo control. 2.) All Ginseng extract groups were defecated significantly less often than placebo control in the open-field and shock situation. 3.) Thresholds to the electric shock were tended to elevate in all Ginseng groups. 4.) These results suggest that Ginseng extract has a stimulant action in open-field and a tranqulizing action in feared situation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 1967

Up to the present time, there are only three methods by which we can obtain bacteria free crown gall tissue. According to some papers related to this field, the first method is based on the works of Braun(53') who maintained infected plants at 46-47'c for several days. But the method has a problem that very few plants can tolerate this temperature. The second method is based on the well known observation that old tumors appear to be bacteria free at least 1 or 2% of the explants. Also this method is known to us as laborious and time consuming. The third method is the one we were using that was attempting to kill the bacteria with bacteriacidal agent such as Antibiotics. In fact., it is reported that almost complete control of crown gall of tomato was obtained by Blanchard('51) when plants were grown in a nutrient containing Aureomycin(20${\mu}g$/ml) following needle puncture with the gall bacteria. We have been engaged in making the experiment by applying solution of Penicillin, Streptomycin and of Chloramphenicol(Succinate free) to find the strong bacteriacidal agent through the method of disc plate, and to confirm the effect of antimicrobial action through the method of plant tissue culture system without possible injury to the host plant. The result of this report is the fact the strongest bacteriacidal agent among the above three Antibiotics was Chloramphenicol(Succinate free 1000 p.p.m). and that there happened no injury to the tissue cultures in a White's 10X media containing 1000 p.p.m. of Chloramphenicol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.25 no.8
• /
• pp.1299-1306
• /
• 2015

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of the cinnamon bark essential oil (CB), when used singly and also in combination with piperacillin, for its antimicrobial and synergistic activity against beta-lactamase TEM-1 plasmid-conferred Escherichia coli J53 R1. Viable count of bacteria for this combination of essential oil and antibiotic showed a complete killing profile at 20 h and further confirmed its synergistic effect by reducing the bacteria cell numbers. Analysis on the stability of treated cultures for cell membrane permeability by CB when tested against sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that the bacterial cell membrane was disrupted by the essential oil. Scanning electron microscopy observation and bacterial surface charge measurement also revealed that CB causes irreversible membrane damage and reduces the bacterial surface charge. In addition, bioluminescence expression of Escherichia coli [pSB1075] and E. coli [pSB401] by CB showed reduction, indicating the possibility of the presence of quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors. Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry of the essential oil of Cinnamomum verum showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde (72.81%), benzyl alcohol (12.5%), and eugenol (6.57%) were the major components in the essential oil. From this study, CB has the potential to reverse E. coli J53 R1 resistance to piperacillin through two pathways; modification in the permeability of the outer membrane or bacterial QS inhibition.