• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.141-155
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• 2021

Purpose: To develop a 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for application in high resolution knee cartilage PD, T₁, T₂ mapping. Materials and Methods: A novel 3D acquisition trajectory with golden-angle rotating radial in k_xy direction and interleaved echo planar imaging (EPI) acquisition in the k_z direction was implemented in the MRF framework. A centric order was applied to the interleaved EPI acquisition to reduce Nyquist ghosting artifact due to field inhomogeneity. For the reconstruction, singular value decomposition (SVD) compression method was used to accelerate reconstruction time and conjugate gradient sensitivity-encoding (CG-SENSE) was performed to overcome low SNR of the high resolution data. Phantom experiments were performed to verify the proposed method. In vivo experiments were performed on 6 healthy volunteers and 2 early osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Results: In the phantom experiments, the T₁ and T₂ values of the proposed method were in good agreement with the spin-echo references. The results from the in vivo scans showed high quality proton density (PD), T₁, T₂ map with EPI echo train length (N_ETL = 4), acceleration factor in through plane (R_z = 5), and number of radial spokes (N_spk = 4). In patients, high T₂ values (50-60 ms) were seen in all transverse, sagittal, and coronal views and the damaged cartilage regions were in agreement with the hyper-intensity regions shown on conventional turbo spin-echo (TSE) images. Conclusion: The proposed 3D MRF method can acquire high resolution (0.5 mm³) quantitative maps in practical scan time (~ 7 min and 10 sec) with full coverage of the knee (FOV: 160 × 160 × 120 mm³).

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.199-216
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to identify the internal capabilities that export companies need to possess in order to utilize FTAs and to propose ways to expand their export performance through them. To achieve this goal, the study analyzed the internal factors that affect FTA utilization from a resource-based perspective, such as Origin Management Competency, Information Acquisition Competency, contract Management Competency, and Commitment to Export, based on prior research on corporate capabilities in the field of management and FTA-related research. The study ultimately aims to confirm whether a company's FTA utilization contributes to its export performance through the management and response to its internal factors for FTA utilization. Design/methodology - To achieve the research objective, this study conducted a literature review related to FTA utilization and identified the internal factors of companies that affect FTA by classifying them into Origin Management Competency, Information Acquisition Competency, contract Management Competency, and Commitment to Export Based on this, a final research model was developed, hypotheses were set through a preliminary study survey, and conclusions were drawn by analyzing the data of 312 companies. Findings - The empirical analysis results indicate that Origin Management Competency and Contract Management Competency have a positive impact on FTA utilization, while Information Acquisition Competency and Commitment to Export do not have a statistically significant impact on FTA utilization. Based on these findings, this study suggests measures for efficient FTA utilization for companies that want to utilize FTAs. Additionally, FTA utilization has a positive impact on export performance. In other words, the extent to which companies utilize the signed agreements has a positive impact on their performance. Based on these results, this study identifies the characteristics of companies that want to utilize FTAs and proposes measures for future efficient FTA utilization. Originality/value - This study has confirmed that in order for companies to utilize FTAs, they must meet the requirements of the FTA. To this end, the study has concluded that it is important to manage and address internal factors such as Origin Management Competency, Information Acquisition Competency, contract Management Competency, and Commitment to Export to increase FTA utilization. Based on these results, it can be confirmed that it is essential for companies to have an understanding and management of the internal factors that satisfy the requirements of the FTA in order to utilize the FTA.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.157-173
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• 2018

Purpose Product characteristics and price value in website have strongly effects on customer satisfaction. Especially, in the online shopping site, the scarcity limits the customer's opportunity to purchase the product. Thus scarcity has been proposed as a important factor that makes the customer highly aware of the merchantability of the product. The scarcity in the web store is used as an important variable to make purchasing decisions of users easier by psychological pressure. In the case of scarce products with price discounts in online commerce, advertising formats that highlight scarcity value in the web commerce market are very effective in enhancing purchase intentions of consumers. Unlike offline stores, the importance of scarcity becomes more important when reflecting the characteristics of online commerce. Therefore, this study intends to confirm the influence of the degree of price discounts and scarcity information presented by Web sites on consumer purchase behavior in Web purchase behavior. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a web-based experimental study on price sensitivity and price discount. Therefore, we created experimental web-sites that offer two stimuli according to the discount rate. The 200 respondents were randomly assigned. The stimuli were fictitious based on tourism products. The first stimulus presented the price discount(15% discount) with basic explanation about the package of the tourist package. The stimuli assigned to the second group were used for groups with high price discount intensity(65% discount). In this way, the two stimuli clearly distinguished the level of price discount intensity. This paper conducted t-test analysis and structural equation to analyze the experiemental results after confirming the reliability and validity. Findings The results of this study are as follows. The difference in price discount intensity (15% vs 65%) with scarcity showed the mean difference among all the variables. Therefore, this study concluded that there is a significant difference between the price discount of 15% and 65% for the acquisition value and transaction value of users. In particular, consumers' purchase intention is greater and product recommendation intensity is stronger when the price discount is 65%. As a result, the high degree of the price discount intensity with scarcity exerts a greater influence on consumers' purchase intentions. Product scarcity also have a significant impact on perceived value of users. Therefore, purchase intention of customers increases when perceived value increases their profit and pleasure feeling.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2018

Objectives: In this study, the tongue features of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) were compared with those of healthy controls. Methods: This prospective, case-control study was conducted on patients with FD and controls recruited at a single center. After screening, the subjects were allocated to the patient or control groups (patients=42, controls=40). Tongue images were acquired using a computerized tongue image acquisition system (CTIS). An independent t-test was conducted to compare the measurements from patients and controls. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine significant differences between the two groups after adjusting for age and sex. Results: The CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area was significantly lower in the patients with FD than in the controls (p=0.001). The tongue coating ratios were also significantly higher in the FD group than in the control group (p=0.003). We found that the CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area and the tongue coating ratios were significant predictive factors in both groups, based on binary regression analysis (p=0.016, 0.044, respectively). Conclusions: This study found that FD was significantly associated with CIE $a^*$ color value in the tongue coating area and tongue coating ratios. We suggest that these factors could be used as objective indicators of FD.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2007

Recently, IEC61850 supports the standardized communication technique in both station bus and process bus, and presents the substation automation model. In this paper, we propose the required techniques to develop the Merging Unit (MU), which is one of the important data acquisition equipment in substation automation, under IEC61850 communication protocol. Especially, we also propose the precision time synchronization technique using GPS(Global Positioning System) for the MU. IEC61850-9-2 SV (Sampled Value) service is applied to the MU which is designed using microprocessor. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed MU, the playback program, which can reconstruct the transmitted sampled value data on the basis of time information, is developed and the performance of the IEC61850 SV service for MU is verified experimentally.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.212-239
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• 2013

This paper clarifies the change in international technology standardization as a change in innovation. The change comes to be shown in how to take the consensus standard. The tendency to standardize the systematized concept is a rather arduous and complex endeavor. This paper focuses on Mitsubishi Electric Corporation as such a case. The results interpreted from the approach of closed innovation, open innovation, and social innovation. The following findings are clarified by. 1) The consensus standardization is open innovation in which the enterprise creates value. 2) When the value creation is large, the possibility of the maximization of such value capture that achieves the earnings acquisition can be improved. 3. The innovation of the consensus standardization is reciprocal for the stakeholder. The possibility for open and social innovation to supplement the success in innovation mutual and to achieve an effect is suggested.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

A lot of data which are used in environment analysis of air pollution have characteristics that are distributed continuously in space. In this point, the collected data value such as precipitation, temperature, altitude, pollution density, PM10 have spatial aspect. When geostatistical data analysis are needed, acquisition of the value in every point is the best way, however, it is impossible because of the costs and time. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the unknown values at unsampled locations based on observations. In this study, spatial interpolation method such as local trend surface model, IDW(inverse distance weighted), RBF(radial basis function), Kriging were applied to PM10 annual average concentration of Seoul in 2005 and the accuracy was evaluated. For evaluation of interpolation accuracy, range of estimated value, RMSE, average error were analyzed with observation data. The Kriging and RBF methods had the higher accuracy than others.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2013

This paper analyzes the effects of i-PIN focusing on the positive value creation rather than the negative loss reduction from the viewpoint of internet company. Empirical tests are run to examine what determines the use of i-PIN and whether i-PIN users participate in e-commerce, communication, and SNS activity. Our findings are as follows. First, the reason for using i-PIN lies in the experience of privacy infringement rather than a high value on privacy protection. Second, i-PIN users tend to participate in the online activity such as e-commerce, communication, SNS. Third, the marginal effect of i-PIN adoption amounts to 2~9% of increase in the online activity. With the results, we expect that i-PIN adoption leads to sales increase and new customer acquisition as well as privacy leakage decrease and it provides logic to solve social underinvestment problem in privacy protection.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2007

According to the development and wide use of broad band internet etc., diverse application technologies using large capacity data such as images have been progressed and in these systems, for accurate acquisition and precise applications of an original signal, the degradation phenomenon generated in the transmission process etc. should be removed. Noises have become known as the main cause of the degradation phenomenon and especially Gaussian noise represents characteristics occurring dependently in image signals and degrades detail information such as edge. In this paper, we removed Gaussian noise using a subdivided nonlinear function according to a threshold value and analyzed the histogram acquired from an edge image to establish a threshold value adaptively, and strengthened detail information of image by using the postprocessing. In simulation results, the proposed method represented excellent performance from comparison of MSE with existing methods.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권10호
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• pp.2830-2837
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• 1999

Image processing steps are consist of image acquisition, preprocessing, region, segmentation and recognition. But image corrupted commonly by noise reduction methods, many filters were proposed like mean filter, median filter, weighted median filter, Cheikh filter, and Kyu-cheol lee filter as spatial noise reduction filtering. We propose a new edge detection algorithm so that we find out edge existence and nonexistence. In non-edge area, we selectively apply weighted median filter based upon using information of difference value between weighted median filter's value and center pixel's value. As a result, we finally prove a better performance of noise reduction by applying adaptive weighted median filter and improvement of processing time through using simple algorithm.