• 환경위생공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.25-48
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• 1993

International concern over the environmental pollution is ever increasing, and diversified countermeasures must be devised in Korea also. Global trend, damages, problems and countermeasures with respect to issues mentioned in the Rio Declaration, such as prevention of ozone layer destruction, reduction of migratory atmospheric pollution between neighboring countries, and prevention of global greenhouse effect, were discussed in this report. Conclusion of the report is summarized as follows : A. Measurement, Planning and Monitoring (1) Development and implementation of a global network for measurement and monitoring from the global aspects such factors as related to acid rain(Pioneer substances, pH, sulfate, nitrate), effect of global temperature(Air temperature, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, CFC, $N_2O$) and destruction of ozone layer($CFC_S$). (2) Establishment of network system via satellite monitoring movement of regional air mass, damage on the ozone layer and ground temperature distribution. B. Elucidation of Present State (1) Improvement and development of devices for carbon circulation capable of accurately forecasting input and output of carbon. (2) Developmental research on chemical reactions of greenhouse gas in the air. (3) Improvement and development of global circulation model(GCM) C. Impact Assessment Impact assessment on ecosystem, human body, agriculture, floodgate, land use, coastal ecology, industries, etc. D. Preventive Measures and Technology Development (1) Development and consumption of new energy (2) Development of new technology for removal of pioneer substances (3) Development of substitute matter for $CFC_S$ (4) Improvement of agriculture and forestry means to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (5) Improvement of housing to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (6) Development of new technology for probing underground water (7) Preservation of forest (8) Biomass 5. Policy Development (1) Development of strategy model (2) Development of long term forecast model (3) Development of penalty charge effect and expense evaluation methods (4) Feasibility study on regulations By establishing the above mentioned measures for environmentally sound and sustainable development to establish the right to live for humankind and to preserve the one and only earth.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1993

국립공원 북한산 중 태고사 지역과 강원도 인제군 가마봉 일대의 야생조류상을 비교하였다. 북한산 태고사 일대에는 12종 35개체, 인제군 가마봉 일대에서는 29종 113개체가 관찰되어 가마봉이 북한산보다 야생조류 분포가 다양하였다. 북한산에서는 이용객에 의한 서식간섭이 나타났으며 사람의 간섭에 비교적 강한 까치가 우점종으로 관찰되었다. 가마봉에서는 멧비둘기가 우점종이었으며 천연기념물 황조롱이를 비롯한 희귀종 벙어리뻐꾸기, 검은등뻐꾸기, 파랑새 등이 관찰되었다. 가마봉 일대의 야생조류는 종이 다양하고 서식환경이 안정된 것으로 보이나 북한산은 비교적 야생조류의 종이 단순할 뿐만 아니라 서식 환경도 매우 불안정하다고 사료된다. 이는 북한산이 생태적으로 고립되어 있고 이용객이 허용능력 이상 많으며 대기오염에 의한 산성비로 조류의 먹이가 현저히 줄어든데 그 원인이 있다고 판단된다. 따라서 국립공원 북한산에서 조류가 더 이상 감소되는 것을 막고 북한산의 자연생태계를 회복시킬 수 있는 보다 적극적이고 철저한 정책을 조속히 시행해야 할 것이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was development of 'Environmental Science' of high school appropriate to Sixth Natinal Education Curriculum. In view that ultimate aim of environmental education is forming responsible environmental behaviors and the goals of values and behaviors are as important as knowledges and skills, A new environmental text of high school level was developed and it was based on analysis of seven texts and environmental education in Fifth Korean Curriculum. This text have seven units, 1.Habitates : What're the Meanings?, 2.Nuclear Energy: Can't be Avoid?, 3.Acid Rain : What're the Messages", 4.Ethanol : Is this Future Fuel?, 5.Wastes : A New War!, 6.What're the National and Global Environmental Issues? and 7.Our Water: Can Drink, Really? This text was stressed equally in goals of four environmental education and avoided from the array of knowledges. Therefore included various teaching strategies and independent actions of students. 'Open-ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning' in text were special learning parts for aquisition of values and formation of behaviors. To verify the effects of new developed environmental text, the direct learning was carried out by 286 students in total. Post test scores of experimental groups per each units were significantly higher than those of control groups about four goals, respectively. The Results of questionnaires by 50 teachers from five different schools were as follows. For validity of selecting contents for units, 74% of respondents replied positively. For classification and presentation of four goal-groups, 90% replied positively in validity and 82%, in utility. For validity of various teaching strategies, 88% and for the degree of including student-centered independent actions, 86% replied positively. For importances and expected effects of 'open-ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning', showed positive responses respectively, 88%, 92%. Therefore this text is effective to acheive four goals of environmental education equally.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2000

When interpreting change over time in forest ecosystems, distinguishing the effects of forest succession from the effects of environmental stress can be difficult. The result may be a simplistic interpretation. citing a specific successional or environmental cause of forest change when both types may be occurring. We present two case studies of changes in the forest floor in northern hardwoods. First, the belief that 50% of soil organic matter is lost in the first 20 years after logging was based on a study comparing northern hardwood stands of different ages. We resampled a series of 13 such stands after an interval of 15 years, and found that the young stands were not, in fact. losing organic matter as rapidly as predicted from the original chronosequence study. The pattern of higher organic matter content in the forest floors of older stands compared to young stands could be equally well explained by changes in logging practices over the last century as by the aging of the stand. The observed pattern of forest floor organic matter as a function of stand age was previously interpreted as a successional pattern, ignoring changes in treatment history. In the second case study, observed losses of base cations from the forest floor were attributed to cation depletion caused by acid rain and declining calcium deposition. We found that young stands were gaining base cations in the forest floor; losses of base cations were restricted to older stands. Differences in litter chemistry in stands of different ages may explain some of the pattern in cation gains and losses. In this case, the contribution of successional processes to cation loss had been overlooked in favor of environmental stress as the dominant mechanism behind the observed changes. Studies of environmental stress use repeated measures over time. but often don't consider stand age as a factor. Studies of successional change often assume that environmental factors remain constant. We were able to consider both forest succession and external factors because we repeatedly sampled stands of different ages.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2020

In the paper, corrosion behavior of T91 steel in different concentrations of NaHSO₃ solution was studied in combination with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the steel exhibited active anodic dissolution characteristics in the solution, and NaHSO₃ concentration affected both cathodic and anodic behaviors. The steel surface was covered by intact corrosion products in the solutions, but the compactness and mechanical properties of the corrosion products degraded with the increase of NaHSO₃ concentration. In low-concentration NaHSO₃ solution the steel tended to undergo uniform corrosion with slight corrosion pits, but its corrosion mode gradually transited to localized corrosion as the NaHSO₃ concentration increased. The mechanical property degradation of the corrosion products caused by sulfur compounds and the pH decrease of the solution are the important factors to accelerating its corrosion process.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.535-542
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• 2000

전차선로 가선재료에는 순수구리로 이루어진 전차선, 카드뮴이 포함된 조가선, steel과 Al의 이종금속으로 이루어진 ACSR이 있고 이들 재료는 산성비와 같은 부식환경에 노출되어 있다. 따라서 다양한 부식환경에서의 이들 재료의 부식특성 및 부식속도를 규명하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다 이에 본 실험에서는 pH, 용존산소 및 염소이온의 영향을 동전위분극시험, 선형분극시험, 교류임피던스시험 및 갈바닉시험 등의 전기화학적 분석기법을 통해 가선재료의 부식거동 및 부식속도를 조사하였다. 실험 결과 카드뮴이 함유된 재료의 부식저항성이 순수구리로 이루어진 재료에서의 부식저항성보다 낮은 것을 확인하였고, 염소이온이 내식성을 감소시킨다는 것을 관찰하였으며, 갈바닉시험 결과 산성용액에서 염소이온을 첨가하였을 경우 steel의 높은 갈바닉부식 전류밀도를 ZRA 법을 통해 확인하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.624-628
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• 2008

$N_2O$는 주요 온실가스 성분의 하나로서 광화학 스모그의 유발, 산성비의 전구체 등 온실효과에 상당한 기여를 하고 있는 물질이다. 이러한 $N_2O$ 및 질소산화물을 제거하기 위하여 환원제를 이용한 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) 반응 공정이 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Hydrotalcite 형태의 전구체로부터 Mixed Metal Oxide 촉매를 제조하고 그를 사용하여 $N_2O$ 분해를 위한 메탄 SCR 반응 및 CO의 생성효과를 비교 연구하였다. 실험결과 $CH_4$ 환원제의 첨가는 $N_2O$의 분해 반응에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 최적화된 $O_2/CH_4$ 비율의 조건에서 메탄의 부분산화에 의한 SCR 반응이 가장 높은 효율을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2015

대도시와 인접한 고속도로와 같이 교통량이 많은 경우 스모그와 산성비의 주요 원인이 되는 많은 양의 질소산화물이 발생하여 대기오염이 심각한 상황이다. 이에 최근 들어 전 세계적으로 질소산화물 제거의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. $TiO_2$는 광촉매 소재의 하나로써 질소산화물 제거에 매우 효과적이므로 대기오염의 주요 원인인 질소산화물을 제거하기 위하여 $TiO_2$ 콘크리트를 도로 구조물에 적용하는 방안이 있다. 이에 본 실험적 연구에서는 $TiO_2$ 콘크리트의 현장 적용을 위하여 공용에 따른 질소산화물 제거 효율변화와 함께 환경 하중 저항성을 평가하였다. 이로 인해 $TiO_2$ 콘크리트의 장기적인 기능성 유지가 확인되었으며, 인접 도로 구조물에 적용이 타당할 것으로 판단된다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2009

With the increasing number of automobiles, the problem of air pollution from the exhaust gases of automobiles has become a critical issue. The principal gases that cause air pollution are nitrogen oxide or NO$_x$(NO and NO$_2$), and CO. Because NO$_x$ gases cause acid rain and global warming and produce ozone(O$_3$) that leads to serious metropolitan smog from photochemical reaction, they must be detected and reduced. Mixtures of WO$_3$ and $In_2O_3$(WO$_3$:$In_2O_3$=10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10 in wt.%), which are NO$_x$ gas-sensing materials, were prepared, and thick-film gas sensors that included a heater and a temperature sensor were fabricated. Their sensitivity to NO$_x$ was measured at 250$\sim$400$^{\circ}C$ for NO$_x$ concentrations of 1$\sim$5 ppm. The $In_2O_3$ thick-film sensor showed excellent sensitivity($R_{gas}/R_{air}$=10.22) at 300$^{\circ}C$ to 5-ppm NO. The response time for 70 % saturated sensitivity was about 3 seconds, and the sensors exhibited very fast reactivity to NO$_x$.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1999

천안시의 토양 환경을 종합적으로 평가하기 위하여 각 지역별(농경지 3개소, 공단지역 3개소, 도심지 2개소, 하천주변 3개소, 매립지 주변 3개소)로 13개 항목에 관한 오염도 조사를 실시하였다. 각 측정 항목마다 토양오염 우려기준에 못 미치는 오염도를 보였다. 토양의 산성화는 농경지에서 심한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 고속도로 주변의 농경지는 자동차 배기가스에 의한 산성 강하물의 영향으로 의심되는 산성화가 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 밭 지역의 산성화가 심화되어서 토양 측정망의 채취지점 추가가 요구되었다. 중금속 6종과 기타 유기득성물질은 모두 토양오염 우려기준에 못 미치는 값을 나타냈다. 유류성분인 BTEX성분 역시 우려기준에 못 미치는 값을 보였으며, TPH는 BTEX보다 광범위한 오염도를 보였다. 오염물질에 의한 토양의 상태를 종합적으로 판단할 수 있도록 고안된 토양오염지표(SPI, Soil Pollution Index)를 이용하여 천안시의 토양오염도를 평가하였다. 토양오염점수(SPC, Soil Pollution Score)에 의해 산출된 토양오염 등급은 모두 1 등급으로 판명되어 천안시의 토양은 비교적 건전한 것으로 나타났다.