• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 1973

Bacterium strain, K-173-10, which was isolated from waste soil of Korean brewing factories, could grow on acetate as the sole carbone source and accumulate a considerable amount of L-glutamic acid (24g/l) in the liguid culture medium. This strain was named by Brevibacterium ammoniagenes sp. by the standard method of taxonomy procedures given in the Manual of Microbiogical Methods.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.198-202
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• 1979

Three Pseudomonas spp. and one Zoogloea sp. which could docompose the furfural were isolated from the enriched undefined cultures of soil. In the decompositioin of furfural thyey demonstrated protocooperation and synergism, utilizing 2-furoic acid a certain sudstance fural was subject to complete oxidation, which resulted in decolorization by mutural interactions. The decomposition was more efficient in mixed cultures than in a single culture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.273-277
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• 2001

Traditional methods of chemical analysis for the soil properties take time and produce harmful waste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an NIR technique for measuring some soil properties that are rapid and accurate in soil fertility assessments. The NIR instrument (InfraAlyzer 500, Bran & Luebbe Co.) was used for obtaining spectral data from 140 finely ground soil for calibrations and validation estimating pH, CEC, extractable Ca, Mg, K, $SiO_2$, humic acid and EC. Partial least square regression analysis was used to develop a calibration of NIR spectroscopy method. The results indicated that NIR spectroscopy could be used as a routine nondestructive method quantitatively determining soil chemical properties quickly. However the NIR technique may require sample preparation to obtain even diffuse reflection spectra from the soil and data manipulations to obtain optimal predictions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.144-156
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• 2016

Soil is a dynamic biological system, in which it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities. Knowledge of microbial diversity and function in soils are limited because of the taxonomic and methodological limitations associated with studying the organisms. In this review, approaches to measure microbial diversity in soil were discussed. Research on soil microbes can be categorized as structural diversity, functional diversity and genetic diversity studies, and these include cultivation based and cultivation independent methods. Cultivation independent technique to evaluate soil structural diversity include different techniques such as Phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFA) and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis. Carbon source utilization pattern of soil microorganisms by Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP), catabolic responses by Substrate Induced Respiration technique (SIR) and soil microbial enzyme activities are discussed. Genetic diversity of soil microorganisms using molecular techniques such as 16S rDNA analysis Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) / Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE), Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) / Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA) are also discussed. The chapter ends with a final conclusion on the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques and advances in molecular techniques to study the soil microbial diversity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

In the present study, we investigated the tolerance of Commelina communis to growth in Cu-contaminated soil and water We examined the germination rate, root and shoot growth of seedlings, fresh biomass in soil and water, and ability to eliminate Cu. We found that C. communis eliminated 41% of Cu in soil containing 50 mg Cu/kg and removed over 50% of Cu from water containing 100 mg Cu/L Cu. In addition, the plants could accumulate 90 mg Cu/g when grown in soil containing 50 mg Cu/kg and 140 mg Cu/g when grown in soil containing 100 mg Cu/kg thus higher levels of Cu removal were observed in soils containing higher Cu concentrations. In water, the maximal accumulation rate was 4.9 mg Cu/g root and 1.2 mg Cu/g shoot in water containing 20 mg Cu/L, and 7 days after exposure, Cu absorption saturated. Further, the growth rate of C. communis was not affected by up to 100 mg Cu/kg in the soil. Therefore, the phytotoxic effect of Cu on plants increased as the concentration of Cu was raised, although to different extents depending on whether the Cu was in soil or water. Overall, Cu removal from soil by C. communis was most effective at 100 mg Cu/kg in soil and 10 mg Cu/L in water. Finally, we identified two peaks of Cu-binding ligands in C. communis. Which is a high molecular weight peak (HMWL) at 60 kDa (Fraction 17 to 25) and a Cu binding peptide peak at <1 kDa (Very low molecular weight ligand: VLMWL). Cu-binding peptide (Cu-BP) was observed to have an amino acid composition typical of phytochelations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.517-526
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• 2018

In order to remove pollutants from the soil in the Ka-hak mine site, this study investigates optimization of the acid washing conditions for the soil. The soil at the site is presumed to be contaminated by diffused heavy-metal-contaminated tailings. The major heavy metal pollutants in the soil are copper, lead, and zinc. Gravels larger than 5mm in size constitute approximately 38% of the soil, and these are the least polluted by heavy metals. On the other hand, it is difficult to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in fine soils, particularly those whose sizes are less than 0.075 mm. The results of the continuous process using a hydro-cyclone show that fine soil particles consisting of at least 20% of the raw soil must be separated before the chemical soil washing process in order to achieve reliable cleaning.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.180-194
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• 2023

This study characterize, classify and evaluates the function of topography on spatial variability of some selected soil properties to assist in designing land management that support uniform agricultural production. The study site, an agricultural land, was part of the derived savanna zone in southwest Nigeria. Four soil profile pits each were established along two delineated toposequence and described following the FAO/UNESCO guidelines. Samples were collected from the identified genetic horizons. Properties of four soil series developed on different positions of the two delineated Toposequence viz upper, middle, lower slopes and valley bottom positions respectively were studied. The soil samples were analysed for selected physical and chemical properties and data generated were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that soil colour, depth and texture varied in response to changes in slope position and drainage condition. The sand content ranged from 61 to 90% while the bulk density ranged between 1.06 g cm^-3 to 1.68 g cm^-3. The soils were neutral to very strongly acid with low total exchangeable bases. Available phosphorus value were low while the extractable micronutrient concentration varied from low to medium. Soils of Asejire and Iwo series mapped in the study area were classified as Typic isohyperthermic paleustult, Apomu series as Plinthic isohyperthermic paleustult and Jago series as Aquic psamment (USDA Soil Taxonomy). These soils were correlated as Lixisol, Plinthic Lixisol and Fluvisol (World Reference Based), respectively. Major agronomic constraints of the soils associations mapped in the study area were nutrient availability, nutrient retention, slope, drainage, texture, high bulk density and shallow depth. The study concluded that the soils were not homogenous, shows moderate spatial variation across the slope, had varying potentials for sustainable agricultural practices, and thus, the agronomic constraints should be carefully addressed and managed for precision agriculture.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to purify uranium (U[VI])-contaminated soil-flushing effluent using the precipitation-distillation process for clearance. Precipitation and distillation are commonly used techniques for water treatment. We propose using a combination of these methods for the simple and effective removal of U(VI) ions from soil-flushing effluents. In addition, the U concentration (Bq/g) of solid waste generated in the proposed treatment process was analyzed to confirm whether it satisfies the clearance level. Materials and Methods: Uranium-contaminated soil was decontaminated by soil-flushing using 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The soil-flushing effluent was treated with sodium hydroxide powder to precipitate U(VI) ions, and the remaining U(VI) ions were removed by phosphate addition. The effluent from which U(VI) ions were removed was distilled for reuse as a soil-flushing eluent. Results and Discussion: The purification method using the precipitation-distillation process proposed in this study effectively removes U(VI) ions from U-contaminated soil-flushing effluent. In addition, most of the solid waste generated in the purification process satisfied the clearance level. Conclusion: The proposed purification process is considered to have potential as a soil-flushing effluent treatment method to reduce the amount of radioactive waste generated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

Enterobacter intermedium oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid and sequentially converts gluconic acid to 2-ketogluconic acid (2-KGA) under aerobic condition. Shaking incubation of E. intermedium in a broth medium containing 22.5 g glucose, 8.2 g gluconic acid and 40 g rock phosphate per liter resulted in $1028mg\;L^{-1}$ soluble phosphate. The culture broth was used as phosphate bio-fertilizer (PBF) in this experiment. To evaluate PBF produced by E. intermedium on lettuce growth, five treatments (PBF1/3, PBF2/3, PBF3/3, BP, and MF) were used. In MF and BP treatments, $P_2O_5$ 5.9 kg of mineral fertilizer per 10a was added, while in PBF1/3, PBF2/3, and PBF3/3 treatments, culture broth containing one third, two third, and same amount of soluble $P_2O_5$ 5.9 kg per 10a was applied, respectively. At 20, 35, and 50 days after transplanting of lettuce, plant growth components, biomass, enzyme activities and soil chemical properties were analyzed. Dehydrogenase activity and available phosphate concentration of rhizosphere in phosphate bio fertilizer treatments (PBF1/3, PBF2/3, PBF3/3) were generally higher compared to MF and BP treatments. Soil biomass in PBF3/3 treatment was significantly higher than MF and BP treatments at early growth stage. However, there was no significant difference among all treatments with time. Plant fresh weights in PBF1/3, PBF2/3, and MF treatments were better than those in BP and PBF3/3 treatments. However, in PBF2/3 treatment the highest fresh weight was discovered where alkaline phosphatase activity was generally higher than other treatments at 35 and 50 days. Enhancement of lettuce growth at 35 and 50 days in PBF2/3 treatment was associated with greater phosphate uptake in lettuce tissue. As regarding all results, PBF showed better lettuce growth compared to mineral phosphate fertilizer where PBF2/3 treatment resulted in increase of lettuce fresh weight by 23% and phosphate uptake by 50%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lime fertilization and light intensity on beech regeneration strategy in a mature beech forest(ca. 150 years old) gaps, which was located in the soiling areas Germany, where the soil is an acid brown earth. For the experiment canopy gaps of 30m diameter were cut, and one canopy gap remained as untreated while the other was limed(3t dolomite h $a^{-1}$). Soil chemistry, soil water potential, light intensity(PAR), ground vegetation, beech seedlings and mycorrhiza were investigated along transect from the stands into gaps to the north. The results of this study are followings: 1) In the limed gap, soil chemistry was greatly improved and a vigorous herb layer developed as compared to the unlimed gap. 2) Development and growth of the beech seedlings in the unlimed gap were generally deficient. Specially, developments of lateral roots were very lack. 3) Through the lime fertilization, the minerals contents of beech leaves such as calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) were increased, while manganese(Mn) was decreased. There was antagonism between potassium(K) and calcium(Ca) or magnesium(Mg). 4) The relative mycorrhiza frequency(RM) in beech seedlings of the southern edge was very higher than that of the middle part, and through the lime fertilization extension of the species Laccaria amethystina appeared clearly. The results of this study showed that lime fertilize in forest, where the soil is acid, will be necessary..