• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.941-953
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• 2019

Biodiesels are being explored as a clean energy alternative to regular diesel, which causes pollution. In this study, the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel (BD) by combining beef tallow, an animal waste resource with a high saturated fatty acid content, and corn oil, a vegetable oil with a high unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated, and the fuel properties were analyzed. Furthermore, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to verify the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel. The influences of control factors, such as the oil blend ratio and methanol to oil molar ratio, on the fatty acid methyl ester and biodiesel production yield were investigated. As a result, the optimum condition for producing blended biodiesel was verified to be tallow to corn oil blend ratio of 7 : 3 (TACO7) and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 14 : 1. Moreover, the interaction between the oil blend ratio and the methanol to oil molar ratio has the most crucial effects on the production of oil blended biodiesel. In conclusion, the analysis results of the fuel properties of TACO7 BD satisfied the BD quality standard, and thus, the viability of BD blended with waste tallow as fuel was verified.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 2009

Diacylglycerol(DAG) was produced by enzymatic esterification of glyceryl mono-oleate(GMO) and conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) in a stirred-batch type reactor. The reaction was catalyzed by lipozyme RMIM(an immobilized lipase from Rizomucor miehei). DAG was isolated by a short-path distillation process and decolorized. DAG oil was composed of 87.3% DAG, 11.4% triacylglycerol(TAG), and 1.5% monoacylglycerol(MAG)(all w/w). Major fatty acids in DAG oil were oleic acid(54%), CLA(31.1%), and linoleic acid(7%). DAG oil iodine,and acid values were 108.8, 2.57, and 1, respectively. The DAG oil solid fat index(SFI) and thermograms were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1120-1124
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• 2006

Supplementation with rice oil and its major components (oleic acid and linoleic acid) was found to have a significant influence on cephalosporin C (CPC) production and cell growth by A. chrysogenum M35 in shake flask cultures. Five percent (v/v) rice oil had the most robust effect and 5% (v/v) oleic acid was the second most efficient on cell growth, whereas 3% (v/v) linoleic acid was found to be optimal for CPC production. Rice oil, oleic acid, and linoleic acid also significantly improved the rates of glucose consumption. When glucose was almost consumed, CPC production was initiated and, on the addition of rice oil, lipase activity increased steadily to 1.56 U/ml for 4 days. These results suggest that rice oil and fatty acids are used as carbon source to produce CPC by A. chrysogenum M35. Moreover, a mixture, composed of 40% (v/v) oleic acid and 60% (v/v) linoleic acid, had the strongest stimulatory effect on CPC production, due to a synergistic effect of the two fatty acids. Consequently, the maximum CPC titer (7.44 g/l) was improved about 4.5-fold.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 1992

This study aims at revealing the effects of the feeding mixed $\omega$-3 perilla oil and $\omega$-6 red pepper oil on fatty acid compositions of serum and platelet in rats. The diet administered to the male rats of Sprague - Dawley was composed of the peril1a oil containing about 60% $\omega$-3 linolenic acid as well as the red pepper oil with roughly 64% of $\omega$-6 linoleic acid. In the total fatty acid composition of serum lipid, SFA had no great significance among the groups, while MUFA ranged from 14.4% to 17.0% and PUFA stood from 48.0% to 53.0%. PUFA compositions of phospholipid, triglyceride and cholesteryl ester fractions, $C_{18:2}$ ($\omega$-6) was the highest in cholesteryl ester than the other components. In platelet's fatty arid composition, SFA were low in groups 2 (7.5% perilla oil＋2.5% red pepper oil) and 3 (5.0% perilla oil ＋5.0% red pepper oil), and the highest in group 5 (10% red pepper oil). MUFA stood the highest in group 3 and the lowest in group 5, while PUFA was the lowest in group 2. Ratio of EPA / AA was the highest in group 2, but group 5 was the lowest.t.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2008

This survey was conducted to monitor the adulteration of sesame oil circulated in Gwangju, 2007. A total of 60 samples was tested by analysis of fatty acid composition. Of these samples, 22 were from large-scale manufacturer, 25 were from small-scale manufacturer and 13 from Bangagan. First of all, in goods manufactured by large-scale company, there are no sesame oils where linolenic acid($C_{18:3}$) exceed regulatory guidance(0.5%). 5 samples from small-scale manufacturer contained linolenic acid from 0.90% to 8.38%, which means that they have other cooking oil, such as com oil, soybean oil and rape seed oil. Among Bangagan goods, only one sample have 1.20% of linolenic acid. On the other hand erucic acid($C_{22:1}$) was not detected in 60 samples at all, which means that they were not adulterated with rape seed oil. And among 6 samples of exceeding 0.5% of linolenic acid and 12 samples from Bangagan, 13 of them had benzo(a)pyrene from $0.2{\mu}g/kg\;to\;0.7{\mu}g/kg$ and the other 5 samples did not.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.522-530
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• 2010

We developed functional synthetic lubricant for internal combustion engine oil, which would improve engine oil performance for internal combustion engine and extend engine life. We made base oil by synthesizing nonanoic acid, 1.1.1-trimethylol propane (which has good bio-degradability) and pentaerythrytol ester. We synthesized catalyst using p-toluene sulfonic acid 0.15 wt% and coloring-prevention agent hypo-phosphorus acid 0.18 wt% at 180-$190^{\circ}C$. Reaction temperature was increased at the rate of $10^{\circ}C$ for every 1 hour. When acid value reached below 3, reaction was completed. After cooling and deoxidization, we washed it by distilled water two times. After dehydration and filtering, we obtained trimethylol propane tripelargonate (TMTP) and pentaerythrytol tetrapelargonate (PETP) at yields of 96 % and 98 % respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Meles moles application as an edible functional food resource. This study was conducted to estimate the general nutrition composition, amino acid and minerals contents, fatty acid composition of Meles meles oil and the added fermented medicinal herbs liquid, and examine the cell toxicity effects in normal liver and kidney cells. The approximate composition of Meles moles oil was crude fat, 97.64％, crude ash, 1.99％ and crude protein, 0.37％. In the fermented liquid, the approximate composition was moisture, 96.08％, Carbohydrate, 1.53％, crude ash, 0.92％, dietary fiber, 0.65％, crude protein, 0.54％ and crude fat, 0.28％. The amino acid contents were 2.67 and 80.9mg％ in the oil and liquid, respectively. The singularity of the unsaturated fatty acid contents attracted our attention. Especially, the polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions were 32.28 and 54.98％ in oil and liquid, respectively. Negative effects were not found form the results of the cell toxicity respection. These results imply that Meles effects oil and the added fermented medicinal herbs liquid can be used as possible food resources and functional food materials.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.158-162
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• 2000

Histochemical distribution and varietal variation of schizandrin and oil compounds, and the changes of their extraction yield were investigated in fruits of collected Schizandra chinensis including Inje cultivar. In histochemical analysis on the distribution of schizandrin and oil in fruits of Inje cultivar, higher concentrations of them were found in the seed (1.01% and 27.6%, respectively) than in the epicarp and mesocarp of the whole fruit. Average contents of schizandrin in fruits and oil in seeds of collected lines were 0.84% and 27.9%, respectively. The mean composition of fatty acids in seeds oil was 3.6% of palmitic acid, 0.6% of stearic acid, 19.7% of oleic acid, 73.0% of linoleic acid, and 3.1% of linolenic acid, showing high composition(95.8%) of total unsaturated fatty acid. Oil extracted from seeds of Inje cultivar contained 4.29% of schizandrin, indicating that seed oil contained much schizandrin, a bioactive lipid-soluble compound. Compared with 80% methanol extraction in fruits and seeds, yields of schizandrin and oil were lower showing 23.8% and 17.3%, respectively in boiling water extraction of the fruits and seeds without grinding. The seeds soaked with water during four months contained 1.18% of schizandrin and 25.2% of oil, whose contents were similar to those of the seeds stored at room temperature. These results demonstrated that the seed in the whole fruit could be utilized as a source to extract its functional oil and bioactive lipid-soluble compounds like schizandrin, especially after using Schizandra fruits for the beverage manufacture.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.421-427
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• 2020

Morus alba, Anti-obesity, C57BL/6 Mice, Expression, Flavonoid, Gene, Mulberry Background: The seed oil of Zanthoxylum schinifolium S. et Z. (sancho) is a traditional cooking oil that has long been sold at a very high price however, depending on the method of extraction and storage, this oil becomes rancid occurs very quickly. Therefore, this study aimed to find a material that prevents rancidity and improves the storage properties of sancho oil. Methods and Results: Sancho oil was extracted using an extraction press, and acid values were compared with commercially available vegetable oils, sancho oil had a higher acid value than other vegetable oils. A very high acid value was observed in sancho oil stored for 6 months, regardless of temperature, requiring an effective storage method. The high acid value and the decrease in turbidity of sancho oil are dependent on the days of sedimentation. Treatment with sodium bicarbonate by concentration resulted in minimal changes in acid value over time. However, minor differences were detected among the treatment concentrations. Ascorbic acid was added to maximize the effect of sodium bicarbonate, and it was observed that ascorbic acid did not improve the antioxidant effect. The sodium bicarbonate and ascorbic acid mixture resulted in minimal change in acid value at temperature up to 25℃. Conclusions: Sancho oil becomes rancid very quicky and requires efficient storage techniques. Sodium bicarbonate and ascorbic acid have been proven to be useful as safe anti-racidity agents without causing harm to humans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.420-430
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• 1991

To compare the hypolipidemic effects of n6 linoleic acid. n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid in rats fed high carbohydrate(70% Cal) diet. male Sprague Dawley rats were fed different experimental diets for 6 weeks. which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beer tallow(BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(LL) and fish oil(FO) for n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Plasma total cholesterol(Chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA. HDL-Chol level was raised by n6 LA, but there was no significant change in HDL-Chol levels by n3 LL and was lowered by n3 EPA. Plasma TG level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TC level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. The relative proportions of TG in VLDL was significantly lowered by n3 EPA. but the proportions of Apo B in VLDL was not changed by n3 EPA. Overall. the hypolipidemic effect was in the order of EPA+ DHA(n3) >LL(n3) >LA(n6) and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.