• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.548-554
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• 1994

In order to observe the effects of the feeds mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils on the fatty acid compositions of serum lipkid and lipoprotein, the oils mixed with 2.5% lard and various levels of perilla oil and evening promrose oil were administered to the male rats of the Sprague-DAwley for 4 weeks. In the fatty acid compositions of serum lipid and serum lipoprotein fractions, as the content so f mixed perilla oil decreased and the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased, n -3 PUFa (polyunsaturated fatty acid) contents and ratio of EPA/AA (eicisapentaenoiidacid/arachidonic acid) tended to decrease, but n-6 PUFA contents and ratio of AA/PUFA tended to increase. Fatty acid compositions of serum lipid and serum lipoprotein fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-211
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the feeding mixture of linseed oil, rich in n-6 PUFA on the lipid metabolism in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. After male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced hyperlipidemia by feeding the diet containing lard, butter and cholesterol for 3 weeks. then they were fed with the diet containing lard 3.0% and butter 12.0% for control, the mixture in different proportion of both linseed oil and sunflower seed oil, and antihyperlipidemic drugs for 2 weeks. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the brain and heart lipids showed following results. In the fatty acid composition of brain lipids, C20:4 and C22:6 were the major fatty acids but showed little difference among the groups. In the fatty acid of heart lipids,C18:2 was the major fatty acid. The proportion of C20:4 decreased gradually as n-3P/n-6P ratio of the test lipids increased in groups 5 (linseed oil 12.0%) to 9 (sunflower seed oil 12.0%) while the proportion of C22:6 was not affected by the fatty acid composition of the test lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.408-417
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• 1990

Sprague Dawley 종 수컷쥐(체중 약 450kg) 48마리를 3군으로 나누어 종류가 다른 불포화지방산으로 구성된 실험식이를 6주간 투여하였다. 이때 지방을 15%(W/W)로, 불포화지방산인 n6 linoleic acid의 급원으로는 옥수수기름, n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid의 급원으로는 들기름, n3 EPA와 DHA의 급원으로는 생선유를 투여하되, 포화지방산과 monoenoic acid의 총량을 거의 같게 공급하여 불포화지방산의 영향만을 관찰할 수 있도록 하였다. 어유를 투여한 군의 cholesterol과 HDL-chol양은 옥수수기름과 들기름을 투여한 군에 비해 유의성있게 낮았으며, 불포화지방산의 혈장 cholesterol을 저하시키는 능력은 n3 EPA+n3계 불포화지방산군인 어유와 들기름군이 n6계 불포화지방산군인 옥수수기름군에 비해 유의성있게 더 컸다. Lipoprotein의 상대적인 함량은 식이 불포화지방산의 종류에 의해 영향을 받지 않았으며, 혈장과 적혈구 및 간의 토로페롤 수준은 유사한 수준이었으며 과산화산물 활성은 지방산의 불포화도 정도에 비례하여 증가되었으며 SOD활성의 증가로 인해 간조직의 과산화물의 수준이 감소되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.555-568
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• 1992

This study was to compare the effects of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and fat unsaturation on plasma lipids and chemical composition of VLDL and LDL fraction and lipogenic enzymes activity in rat liver under the conditions providing 1) a similar amount of n-6, n-3 fatty acids(LA, ALA, EPA+DHA) in diets and 2) the various degree of fat unsaturation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 420g were treated for 6-n with six experimental diets providing 25% of energy as fat and which were different only in fatty acid composition. The fats used for a source of each fatty acid were beet tallow for saturated fatty acid corn oil for n-6 linoleic acid(LA) perilla oil for n-3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(ALA) and fish oil n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Plasma cholesterol level was increased by corn oil to compare with beef tallow but was decreased by perilla oil or fish oil. Plasma TG level was significantly decreased by perilla oil or fish oil. Fish oil significantly reduced the level of HDL-Chol and the proportion of Chol in LDL fraction and that of TG in vVLDL fraction. Overall there was a singificant negative correlation between the level of each plasma lipid(Chol TG, VLDL-TG, LDL-C) and the degree of fat unsaturation. However this rerlationship is not always true when compared the hypolipidemic effect of each fatty acid at a similar level of fat unsaturation. There was a trend such taht glucose 6-P dehydrogenase 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activites were reduced by n-3 fatty acids. Perilla oil significantly increased the incorporation of c20:5 and c22:5 into liver tissue and fish oil suignificantly increased the incorporation of c20:5, c22:6 into liver tissue and the effect of long chain n-3 fatty acid incorporation was greater by fish oil. therefore the hypotriglyceridemic effect of n-3 fatty acid could be resulted from the interference of hepatic lipogenesis by long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the reduced proportion of TG in VLDL fraction and its effect was greater by n-3 EPA+DHA than n-3 ALA even though plasma Chol and TG levels were also influenced by the degree of dietary fat unsaturation.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 1994

In order to investigate of the Influence of $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ on ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid converted into the eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) forming in plasma lipid and in liver microsomes of rabbit, the animals were fed on the perila oil rich ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid or sardine oil rich EPA and DBA diet for 4 weeks were examined. In plasma, liver lipid, $Mg^{2+}$ was influenced on arachidonic acid(AA), EPA, DHA formative from ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid in perilla oil, but stearic acid was increased, $Ca^{2+}$ was Influenced on stearic acid increased and DHA was decreased. In phospholipid, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ was influenced on stearic acid increased and DHA was decreased in perilla oil.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 1998

Chemical components of Perillar semen and physico-chemical properties o Perillae semen oil were analyzed for the use as an edible oil. The proximate compositions of Perillae semen were 7.5% moisture, 33.2% crude fat, 16.3% crude protein, 2.8% crude ash, 6.5% crude fiber, and 33.7% nitrogen free extract. The major amino acids of Perillae semen were glutamic acid(66.9mg%), aspartic acid (32.5mg%), histidine(21.6mg%), and phenylaanine (20.1mg%). The ratio of essential/total amino acid was 41.3%. The physico-chemical properties of the seed oil were 0.915 specific gravity, 1.4808 refractive index, 3.6 acid value, 181.7 iodine value, and 194.0 saponification value. Composition of major lipid of the oil fractionated by silicic acid chromatography was 94.2% neutral lipids and 5.8% polar lioids. The major fatty acids of the oil were linolenic, linoleic and oleic acid. Neutral lipids consisted of 59.9% linolenic acid, 15.6% oleic acid, 6.6% palmitic acid, and 2.5% stearic acid. Polar lipids consisted of 58.5% linolenic acid, 18.1% linoleic acid, 12.7% oleic acid, 7.7% palmitic acid, and 3.0% stearic acid.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2006

본 실험은 대두유 또는 아마유를 in vitro 방법으로 배양 할 때, 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 반추위 박테리아에 의한 bio-hydrogenation과 CLA 생성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 4수준(0%, 0.3%, 0.6% 그리고 0.9%, w/v)의 혼합된 탄수화물원(glucose, cellobiose, soluble starch, 1:1:1, w/w/w)과 두 종류의 oil을 cellulose powder에 흡착시킨 형태로 각각 60mg씩 인공타액(120ml)과 반추위액(30ml)이 혼합된 배양액(150ml)에 넣은 다음 39℃에서 12시간동안 혐기적으로 배양하였다. 배양액의 pH와 암모니아 농도는 두 종류 oil을 첨가한 배양액 모두에서 탄수화물원의 첨가 수준이 높을수록 pH와 암모니아 농도가 낮았다(P<0.05). 탄수화물원의 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 total VFA 생성량 역시 증가되었으나(P<0.01) 첨가한 oil 간의 차이는 없었다. 배양시간이 경과됨에 따라 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 높을수록 propionate의 조성비율이 증가된 반면(P<0.001) acetate와 butyrate의 조성비율은 감소되었다. 배양 후 3시간이 경과하였을 때 배양액 내 oleic acid의 조성비율은 대두유에 비하여 아마유를 첨가한 배양액에서 낮았으나(P<0.001) linoleic acid의 비율은 높았다(P<0.001). 이와는 달리 탄수화물원의 수준이 증가될수록 stearic acid(P<0.05), CLA(P<0.01) 및 cis-9, trans-11 CLA(P<0.001)의 조성비율은 감소되었으나, linoleic acid의 조성 비율은 증가되었다(P<0.05). Linolenic acid의 조성비율에 있어서는 첨가된 oil의 종류와 첨가된 탄수화물원의 수준간의 상호작용이 있는 것으로 나타났는데(P<0.001), 12시간의 배양종료 후 대두유 첨가구에 비해 아마유 첨가구에서 stearic acid(P<0.01), oleic acid(P<0.001), 그리고 trans-11C18:1(P<0.01)의 조성비율이 감소된 반면, linoleic acid(P<0.001)와 linolenic acid(P<0.01)의 조성비율은 증가되었다. 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 증가될수록 stearic acid와 총 CLA의 조성비는 감소되었으나(P<0.01), trans-11-C18:1(P<0.05)와 linoleic acid(P<0.01)의 조성비율은 증가되었다. 배양 12시간 후 배양액 내의 oleic acid (P<0.05), linoleic acid(P<0.05) 및 linolenic acid(P<0.01)의 조성비율에 있어서는 첨가한 oil의 종류와 첨가한 탄수화물원의 수준간의 상호작용이 있었는데, 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 감소됨에 따라 cis-9, trans-11 CLA와 trans-10, cis-12 CLA의 조성비 역시 감소되는 경향이었으나 첨가한 oil의 종류에 대한 영향은 거의 받지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 탄수화물의 첨가수준과 oil의 첨가는 반추미생물의 bio-hydrogenation 작용 및 CLA 생성에 영향할 수 있는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1451-1456
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• 2005

To study the acute effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, $C_{22:6}$) on the expression of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) mRNA in pig tissues, weaned, crossbred pigs (28 d of age) were fed with either 10% (on as-fed basis) tallow (high stearic acid), soybean oil (high linoleic acid), or high DHA algal oil for 2 d. The plasma and liver DHA reflected the composition of the diet. The adipose tissue and skeletal muscle DHA did not reflect the diet in the short term feeding. The results also showed that the diet containing 10% algal DHA oil significantly decreased the total plasma cholesterol (39%) and triacylglycerol (TG; 46%) in the pigs. Soybean oil significantly decreased plasma TG (13.7%; p<0.05), but did not have an effect on plasma cholesterol. The data indicate that different dietary fatty acid compositions have different effects on plasma lipids. The ADD1 mRNA was decreased (p<0.05) in the liver of DHA oil-treated pigs compared with the tallow-treated pigs. The diets did not have significant effect on the ADD1 mRNA in adipose tissue. Addition of algal DHA oil in the diet increased acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) mRNA concentration in the liver, suggesting that dietary DHA treatment increases peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in the liver. However, dietary soybean oil supplementation did not affect mRNA concentrations of ADD1 or ACO in the tissues of pigs. Because ADD1 increases the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis, and ACO is able to promote fatty acid oxidation, feeding DHA oil may change the utilization of fatty acids through changing the expression of ADD1 and ACO. Therefore, feeding pigs with high DHA may lead to lower body fat deposition.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2000

사람주나무 (Sapium japonicum) 종실유의 물리 화학적 특성과 구성성분을 다양한 분석법으로 구명하였다. 사람주나무의 종실유를 구성하는 지질은 중성지질이 93% 로 가장 높고 , glycolipid 가 4.9%, phospholipid가 1.3%로 나타났다. GC 분석 결과 사람주나무의 종실에는 9종의 지방산이 존재하였다. 종실유에서 지방산의 함량은 저장기간 등에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였다. 종실유 중 3종의 지질은 silica open column을 통해 분획하고, 이들의 지방산 성분을 조사하였다. 3종의 지질 중 주요 지방산은 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid로 나타났다. 채취직후의 종실유에서 지방산의 함량은 저장된 종실유의 지방산에 비해 전반적으로높았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 사람주나무의 종실유는 화장품, 세정제, 의약품 등으로의 이용이 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 1996

We studied the effects of fish oil supplementation with low does on the lipid concentration and fatty acid of plasma and the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte of lactating women. The subjects, 18 lactating women, who were exclusively breast-fed their babies were classifed into a control group and 2 fish oil groups according to dose; the subjects of fish oil groups were supplemented with 1.96g/d or 3.92g/d of fish oil, respectively for 2 weeks from 10 to 12 weeks postpartum. All subjects consumed their usual diet at home. Blood sample were collected at the final day of experiment. The plasma HDL-cholesterol level increased significantly by fish oil supplementation. The concentrations of DHA (docesahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) in the plasma PC(phosphatidylcholine) and PE (phosphatidylethanolamine)of fish oil groups tended to increase, but not significant. However, the concentrations of DHA and EPA of PC and PE in erythrocyte were not affected by fish oil supplementation. These results demonstrate that fish oil supplementation with low dose does not change the concentration of plasma lipid as well as fatty acid composition in plasma PC and PE and red blood cell obviously. However the increase of plasma HDL-cholesterol level, the reduction of atherogenic index(AI) and the tendency of increase of DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma PC and PE indicate that there may be some beneficial effects on maternal lipid metabolism if fish oil intakes were increased.