• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.418-427
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• 2014

Purpose: Objectives of this study were to investigate the association between efficiency and quality of health care in Long-term Care Hospitals (LTCH) and determine related factors that would enable achievement of both high efficiency and high quality at the same time. Methods: Major data sources were the "2012 Korean Assessment of Propriety by Long-term Care Hospitals" obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Cost variables were supplemented by a National Tax Service accounting document. First, data envelopment analysis was performed by generating efficiency scores for each LTCH. Second, matrix analysis was conducted to ascertain association between efficiency and quality. Lastly, kruskal-wallis and mann-whitney tests were conducted to identify related factors. Results: First, efficiency and quality of care are not in a relationship of trade-offs; thus, LTCH can be confident that high efficiency-high quality can be achieved. Second, LTCH with a large number of beds, longer tenure of medical personnel, and adequate levels of investment were more likely to have improved quality as well as efficiency. Conclusion: It is essential to enforce legal standards appropriate to the facilities, reduce turnover of nursing staff, and invest properly in human resources. These consequences will help LTCH to maintain the balance of high efficiency-high quality in the long-run.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 1998

This study investigated the influences of applying the Cognitive Conflict Process Model (the Procedural Teaching Model using Cognitive Conflict Strategy: Kwon, 1989) upon students' achievement and attitudes in a middle school science concept instruction. For the treatment group, science instruction to apply the Cognitive Conflict Process Model was used. For the control group, traditional instruction was used. Prior to instruction, students' pre-conceptions test and attitudes test related to the science were administered. After instruction, the above two tests and the regular examinations were measured. Also students' perceptions of their teacher's new teaching style was investigated by questionnaire. But, above all, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the principal accompanying matters of general application of the teaching model to science concept instruction rather than conceptual and attitudinal change. Therefore, this study identified necessary conditions of applying the teaching model to science instruction.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.228-245
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• 2012

This study attempts to investigate the relationships among psychological traits, environment, attitude on education, satisfaction with education, and learning transfer of restaurant entrepreneurship education. The samples of this study were selected from the restaurant entrepreneurs who were running restaurants after having taken the restaurant entrepreneurship education in Seoul and Kyonggi Province. Three hundred and eighty nine copies of the questionnaire, with a 86.4% response rate from a judgmental sample of 450 restaurant entrepreneurs, were utilized to study the relationships between research constructs. SPSS (11.5 version) and AMOS 5.0 were employed to analyze the uni-dimensionality of research concepts and reliability tests, and structural equation modeling was employed to verify the research hypotheses. Need for achievement and ambiguity tolerance, and environment showed a positive effect on attitude to education. Attitude to education was related positively with satisfaction with education, and satisfaction with education showed a positive effect on learning transfer of the restaurant entrepreneurship education. The managerial implications of these results were also examined.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.394-405
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a differentiated instruction-learning reflecting various characteristics and demands of the gifted underachievers, and thereby help to develop the study attitude and study achievement of the gifted underachievers. To achieve the purpose, a case study on five gifted underachievers who are in $6^{th}$ grade of elementary school was conducted. By collecting and analyzing a variety of data including standardized tests, interviews with teachers, students, and parents, and observation journals, this researcher examined the characteristics and demands of the gifted underachievers. For the development of the program, differentiated strategies were designed according to students' interest and concern, their multiple-intelligence, and their learning styles. As a result of the application of them, a program with a total of 20 sections was finally developed. The result of the application for the differentiated instruction-learning program revealed improvements in their academic achievements. In addition, it was found that their learning motives were improved. The program was also found to affect their self-concept and their attitude toward learning. The study showed that developing an education program for the gifted underachievers should begin from the analysis of each student's characteristics. Also, it was found that a differentiation strategy could become an alternative to apply various characteristics and demands of the gifted underachievers to the development of a program. The gifted underachievers' intellectual and definitive characteristics were changed even by the short-term mediation. Therefore, the new issue about educating the gifted is to provide a differentiated instruction-learning program fitting their characteristics and demands and help them exert their potential as best as they could.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.347-366
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• 2015

There are a lot of causes of under-achievement in elementary mathematics, one of which may be lack of previous learning elements. We focus on the understanding of place value. The purpose of this study is to analyze underachievers' levels of understanding of place value concepts and to find the types of place value tasks that they have had special difficulty. For this purpose, an individual test called as "the Six Tasks of Place Value(SToPV)"was applied to ten third grade mathematics underachievers in elementary school. The test is a type of place value concept tests and requires one-on-one interview with some preparation materials. The participants' reactions were analysed according to the framework by Berman(2011). The result of analysis shows that third grade mathematics underachievers tend to have a great difficulty understanding the place value concepts. Also the types of difficult tasks were various from individual to individual. Based on the test results and discussion, we suggested some implications for diagnosing place value concepts of mathematics underachievers.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2009

Recently, various services through the Internet are gradually increased and developed. The traditional way of examination has been replacing by the online test as well. The most representative is the IBT TOEFL by the ETS in the US. Besides this, a lot of online tests and some related discussions are very fierce to carry out due to the continuous increase of the number of exam candidates. Taking account of the economic issues compared to the previous test, this online method has a lot of strengths. This paper aims to build an online test system based on the 3- tier browser-server architecture, which is different from the commonly used 2-tier based system. This system was achieved using the Visual Studio.Net 2005 and SQL Server 2000 as development tools, and based on the ASP.NET 2.0 platform, using the ADO.NET and C# language.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2012

In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were modified as electrode materials for an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) by controlling oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups. The morphological and chemical properties of ACs were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, automatic elemental analyzer (EA) and Boehm titration. Also, charge/discharge tests were performed to investigate the EDLC performance. Oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups were introduced on the surface of ACs through acid and urea treatments, respectively. ACs with nitrogen-containing functional groups showed 2 mA increase of gravimetric discharge capacity and quick achievement of maximum charge/discharge performance. However, ACs with oxygen-containing functional groups showed low discharge capacity and its gradual decrease during further cyclic test, since the functional groups interrupted adsorption/desorption of charges in the electrolyte on the surface of ACs.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.293-303
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) surgical accuracy between virtually planned and actual surgical movements (SM) of the maxilla in two-jaw orthognathic surgery. Methods: The sample consisted of 15 skeletal Class III patients who underwent two-jaw orthognathic surgery performed by a single surgeon using a virtual surgical simulation (VSS) software. The 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained before (T0) and after surgery (T1). After merging the dental cast image onto the T0 CBCT image, VSS was performed. SM were classified into midline correction (anterior and posterior), advancement, setback, anterior elongation, and impaction (total and posterior). The landmarks were the midpoint between the central incisors, the mesiobuccal cusp tip (MBCT) of both first molars, and the midpoint of the two MBCTs. The amount and direction of SM by VSS and actual surgery were measured using 3D coordinates of the landmarks. Discrepancies less than 1 mm between VSS and T1 landmarks indicated a precise outcome. The surgical achievement percentage (SAP, [amount of movement in actual surgery/amount of movement in VSS] × 100) (%) and precision percentage (PP, [number of patients with precise outcome/number of total patients] × 100) (%) were compared among SM types using Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Overall mean discrepancy between VSS and actual surgery, SAP, and PP were 0.13 mm, 89.9%, and 68.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the SAP and PP values among the seven SM types (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: VSS could be considered as an effective tool for increasing surgical accuracy.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of debate and discussion instruction in mathematics class on mathematics study achievements and attitudes in elementary school. To conduct the research, two classes were verified as the homogeneous groups by a preliminary examination on the fourth grade of J elementary school. After mathematics class, the subjects were conducted the same mathematics study achievement and attitude tests in two groups and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, t-test. Accordingly, debate and discussion instruction in mathematics class is more effective than regular lecture method instruction. debate and discussion instruction in mathematics classes are believed students will participate in the question and understand the mathematical principles and concepts themselves through action to solve the problem and influenced I have a positive attitude towards mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2012

Objectives : Childhood is a critical period involving various developmental tasks that need to be accomplished. Childhood depression has overall negative implications for certain areas of development, including cognition, emotion, social skills, academic achievement, and ability to cope with stress. Yet, because depression can be "masked" by accompanying behavioral problems, early detection and diagnosis of childhood depression is somewhat challenging. In this study, using the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), we evaluated the association between children's self reports on depression and parents' assessment of children's behaviors. Methods : Subjects were recruited from the S city, a cohort comprising a non-random convenience sample of 226, 10-year-old ethnic Koreans in their fourth year of elementary school and their parents. All participants underwent several tests, including Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and K-CBCL. Results : A total of 226 children, including 166 boys (73.5%) and 60 girls (26.5%), participated in the study. The average CDI for the participants was 14.57 (SD=7.54). Two items on the K-CBCL, total scale of adjustment scale and social withdrawal problems, showed a close association with the CDI. Conclusion : Although much remains to be elucidated, after controlling for covariates, the results of this study suggested that behavioral problems observed in children may be closely associated with depression.