• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

Military textiles with breathable waterproof materials are expanding as form of winter clothes. Waterproof moisture-permeable clothes are very important for soldiers to survive in cold weather operations because they prevent loss of body heat from the penetration of water into the human body. Korea military uses the water resistance and moisture permeability to test the performance of waterproof moisture-permeable materials. Moisture permeability is measured according to the amount of evaporated water vapor passing through a fabric under specified temperature and humidity by using acetic acid potassium presented in KS K 0594. However, the test procedure for measuring the moisture permeability in the standard is presented only briefly and the preparation procedures for the test in accredited testing institutions are applied differently, leading to significant deviation of the results. This paper compares the procedures of testing institutions and examines the factors that affect moisture permeability. Finally, we propose a procedure to reduce the deviation of results and apply the proposed procedure in testing institutions. Our analysis results with one-way ANOVA under significant level (0.05) confirm that the deviation of results is reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.599-607
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• 2017

Since 2015, small and medium domestic enterprises that treat more than a certain quantity of chemical substances in accordance with the Chemical Substance Control Act are obliged to submit an off-site impact assessment and risk management plan. In order to reduce the administrative and economic burden of the risk assessment, its impact was determined. Toxic leaks of nitric acid, methanol, and acetic acid were estimated and the correlations (between them?) were calculated. In addition, the correlations of this study were used to compare the KORA results according to the accident scenarios of the actual workplace and the extent of the damage as a function of distance in the case of toxic leaks. In this study, the correlation formula of the materials can be used to quickly determine the damage distance in the event of the accidental leakage of materials in the road or workplace, and to prepare emergency plans and respond to emergencies more quickly.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.787-798
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• 2017

This is a study on characteristics according to the material of sheet-type mask packs being sold on the market. The absorption capacities of water soluble components such as purified water, 1.3-propanediol, 1.3-butylene glycol, glycerine, and hyaluronic acid are compared with that of various oils including cyclomethicone, dimethicone, phytosqualane, caprylic capryl triglyceride, grape seed oil, and macadamia nut oil. As a result, all of the water soluble components except purified water showed higher moisture absorption capacity as the viscosity increased. And in case of oil, all oil showed higher oil absorption capacity according to the viscosity. During this test, the mask sheets with the type of acetic acid fermented bio-cellulose showed 500~1,000 times or more absorption capacity on water soluble wetting agent or all oils, which is due to the fine mesh structure seen in the 5,000x enlarged photograph at surface structure. This mesh structure was well recognized on the cross section and these structural features enhance the absorption capacity of water and oil. It is also believed that largely contained water-soluble components and oils facilitate the discharge over time. In addition, since each mask sheet shows their characteristics according to their material, it is intended to be a basic research for manufacturing mask packs good for skin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.888-895
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• 2015

For effective utilization of butter clam shell as a natural calcium resource, the optimal conditions for preparation of calcium acetate (BCCA) with high solubility were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The polynomial models developed by RSM for pH, solubility, and yield were highly effective in describing the relationships between factors (P<0.05). Increased molar ratio of calcined powder (BCCP) from butter clam shell led to reduction of solubility, yield, color values, and overall quality. Critical values of multiple response optimization to independent variables were 2.70 M and 1.05 M for acetic acid and BCCP, respectively. The actual values (pH 7.04, 93.0% for solubility and 267.5% for yield) under optimization conditions were similar to predicted values. White indices of BCCAs were in the range of 89.7~93.3. Therefore, color value was improved by calcination and organic acid treatment. Buffering capacity of BCCAs was strong at pH 4.88 to 4.92 upon addition of ~2 mL of 1 N HCl. Calcium content and solubility of BCCAs were 20.7~22.8 g/100 g and 97.2~99.6%, respectively. The patterns of fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer analyses from BCCA were identified as calcium acetate monohydrate, and microstructure by field emission scanning electron microscope showed an irregular form.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of herbal (Obtusifolia, Cinnamon, Chinese pepper, Licorice) extracts on the rumen fermentation in vitro. Comparing to the control, in vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at zero hour in the Cinnamon and the Chinese pepper, and at three hour after supplementation in the Licorice. The ratio of volatile fatty acids were significant (P<0.05) differences at 3 hour after fermentation only, acetic acid was higher (P<0.05) in the control compare to the herbal extract treatments, but the ratios of butyrate, iso-butyrate, iso-valerate and valerate were lowest in the control. The growth rate of rumen microbes in vitro was significantly (P<0.05) higer in the herbal extract treatments excluding the Obtusifolia than the control during three hour fermentation, but was not significant difference among treatments in the other fermentation times. From above results, even though the extracts of Cinnamon, Chinese pepper and Licorice inclined to inhibit the activity of rumen microbes during early fermentation period, but did not affect on the growth rate of rumen microbes in vitro.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1873-1881
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• 2019

Objective: Information regarding the vitamin content of silage is limited. This study investigated the changes in the vitamin content of alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages with or without a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. Methods: Alfalfa at the early flowering stage and Chinese leymus at the full-bloom stage were harvested. The treatments for each forage type were control (deionized water only) and $1{\times}10^6$ colony-forming units Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)/g fresh matter. After 45 days of ensiling, all silages were sampled for evaluating the vitamin content, fermentation quality and chemical composition. Results: The LP inoculant decreased the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages and significantly (p<0.05) increased the lactic acid, acetic acid concentrations and Flieg's points. Prior to ensiling, the levels of five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in alfalfa were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those in Chinese leymus. Ensiling decreased the levels of the five B-group vitamins in both alfalfa and Chinese leymus while increasing the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus. The thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid levels in the LP-treated silage were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the untreated silage for the alfalfa and Chinese leymus. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content in the LP-treated alfalfa silage was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the untreated alfalfa silage. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in pyridoxine content between the untreated and LP-treated silages for both forages. Conclusion: With or without LP inoculation, the levels of the five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) in alfalfa and Chinese leymus decreased after 45 days of ensiling, while the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus increased. The LP inoculant improved the fermentation quality of both the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages but increased the thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid loss in the two forages after fermentation.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2009

Demineralized boneparticle (DBP) has been widely used as and a powerful promoter of new bone growth. In this study, DBP sponges were chemically crosslinked and characterized for the potential application of tissue engineered scaffolds. The DBP sponges prepared by crosslinking with EDC. 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3% pepsin was applied to DBP dissolved in 3% (v/v) acetic acid aqueous solution for 48 hrs. The prepared sponges were crosslinked by 1, 5, 10, 50 or 100 mM of EDC solution concentration and then were lyophilized. The DBP sponges were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and DSC and analyzed in terms of their porosity and water absorption ability. The cellular viability and proliferation were assayed by MTT assay. Our investigation revealed that 0.2$\sim$0.3% of pepsin and 50$\sim$100 mM of EDC produced DBP sponges with good physical characteristics. In conclusion, DBP sponge prepared under these conditions is potentially useful for the applications of tissue construction.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.898-906
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• 2011

Physicochemical and physiological characteristics of red garlic were investigated in each of the four steps of its processing, and were compared with those of fresh and black garlic. With the progress in processing, the lightness value of the external and internal colors of the red garlic significantly decreased. The hardness was highest in the fresh garlic and lowest in the black garlic. During processing, the red garlic tended to become hard. The crudeprotein and ash contents were highest in the red garlic (step 4), but its moisture content was the lowest. The crudelipid content of the red garlic was lower than that of the fresh garlic. The pH of the red garlic showed little difference from that of the fresh garlic, but the black garlic was significantly, acidified. The acidity and pH contradicted each other : the black garlic had the highest acidity, and the acidity of the red garlic was within the low range. The fresh garlic had the lowest in reducing-sugar content, but such content was significantly increased in the red garlic and black garlic. Six kinds of organic acid were detected in the fresh garlic, and the same contents were also quantified in the red garlic until third step. In step 4, malic acid was not detected in the red garlic. Acetic and citric acid were only in the black garlic. S-allyl cysteine content of the red garlic was $18.05{\pm}0.53$ mg/100 g, similar to that of the black garlic ($19.43{\pm}0.50$ mg/100 g).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2021

Depending on the type and amount of acid used as a modulator in the manufacturing process, the structural properties of UiO-66 can be modified and the adsorbability of chemical warfare agents can be enhanced. In this study, several acids as a modulator were used to synthesize UiO-66. Their properties were analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, titrator, and adsorption isotherms using chemical warfare agent simulant, DIMP. The UiO-66, structurally damaged by hydrochloric acid as a modulator, showed lower crystallinity and DIMP adsorption capacity and also smaller specific surface area and volume of voids compared to those of UiO-66, which was manufactured using acetic acid, and formic acid as a modulator. Additionally, UiO-66 which was synthesized by adding formic acid and hydrochloric acid as a modulator, showed the highest DIMP adsorption capacity and is likely to be used as an adsorbent for chemical warfare agent in the future.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.225-231
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• 2018

Benzoic acid, methyl paraben, and butyl paraben are preservatives that have been used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food products. However, as their toxicities for human have been reported, many nations and organizations including Korea have established a regulation limit for thier usage of these preservatives in food products. The present study developed the isotope dilution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for accurate determination of three target preseratives in soysauce. In this study, the isotope dilution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed for accurate determination of three target preservatives in soy sauce. LC separation was optimized considering the pKa of benzoic acid which is lower than those of methyl and butyl parabens. A C18 column was used with 5 mM ammonium acetate and methanol as mobile phases. Mass spectrometry was operated in negative mode and selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). Soy sauce sample was cleaned-up with C18 SPE cartridge for removing matrix inferences and color material. Optimized conditions and the method were validated with soy sauce reference materials for the analysis of food preservatives from Health Science Authority in Singapore. The measured values of benzoic acid, methyl and butyl paraben agreed well with reference values within their uncertainties.