• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2007

We investigated physiological damages and biochemical alleviation of five species of genus Acer under ozone fumigation in order to assess their tolerant ability against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb $O_3$ fumigation, photosynthetic characteristics were measured, and chlorophyll contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed in the leaves of five maple trees (Acer buergerianum, A. ginnala, A. mono, A. palmatum, and A. palmatum var. sanguineum). The reduction of chlorophyll (chl) a in ozone-exposed plants was 16.8% (A. buergerianum) to 26.7% (A. ginnala) of control plants. For the content of chi b, A. ginnala and A. palmatum var. sanguineum represented the high reduction of 26.3% and 23.6%, respectively. The highest reduction on the chi a:b ratio was observed in the leaves of A. palmatum. The reduction of net photosynthesis in five species varied from 2.4% to 37.6%. Among five species, A. ginnala showed remarkable reduction (37.6%) for net photosynthesis in comparison with control. Carboxylation efficiency differed significantly (P < 0.05) among species and between control and ozone treatment. The reduction of carboxylation efficiency was the highest in the leaves of A. ginnala (44.7%). A. palmatum var. sanguineum showed the highest increase (41.7%) for MDA content. The highest increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity represented in A. palmatum (26.1%) and the increase of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity ranged from 16.5% (A. ginnala) to 49.1% (A. palmatum var. sanguineum). A. mono showed the highest increase (376.6%) of glutathione reductase (GR) activity under ozone fumigation and A. buergerianum also represented high increase (42.3%) of GR activity. Catalse (CAT) activity increased in the leaves of A. ginnala, A. palmatun and A. palmatum var. sanguineum under ozone exposure, whereas A. buergerianum and A. mono decreased in comparison with control plants. In conclusion, physiological markers such as chlorophyll content and photosynthesis that responded sensitively to $O_3$ in maple trees were considered as the very important indicators in order to evaluate the tolerance against $O_3$ stress, and parameters were closely related with each other. Among anti oxidative enzymes, SOD and APX might be contributed to alleviate to $O_3$ toxicity through the increase of activity in all maple trees. Therefore, these compounds can be used as a biochemical maker to assess the stress tolerance to $O_3$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2005

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental factors are critical players in cellular damage and aging. In order to develop a new antiphotoaging agent, this work focused on the antioxidant effects of the extract of tinged autumnal leaves of Acer palmatum. One compound was isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the A. palmatum extract using silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structure was identified as apigenin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside, more commonly known as vitexin, by spectral analysis including LC-MS, FT-IR, UV, $^{1}H-$, and $^{13}C-NMR$. The biological activities of vitexin were investigated for the potential application of its anti-aging effects in the cosmetic field. Vitexin inhibited superoxide radicals by about $70\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals by about $60\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity was indicated by increases in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20\;mJ/cm^2$ in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after the treatment of vitexin. The results show that oxidation of 5-(6-)chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlo-rodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($CM-H_{2}DCFDA$) is inhibited by vitexin effectively and that vitexin has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB-irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using a confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vitexin can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as free radical production and skin cell damage.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2012

단풍나무의 이형자웅이숙, 성형태의 다양성 및 결실특성을 파악하고자, 원주지역에 생육 중인 단풍나무(Acer palmatum) 63주를 대상으로 화기구조, 수분시스템, 결실특성 시과활력을 2010년 4월부터 2011년 10월까지 조사하였다. 단풍나무는 주로 꿀벌과 꽃등에 등의 화분매개충에 의해 수분되나, 소수(3.57%)는 바람에 의해 수분되었다고 추정된다. 조사대상목 중에서 2010년 24개체(42.9%), 2011년 20개체(31.7%)는 웅예선숙개체(Protandrous, PA)였으며, 2010년 32개체(50.8%), 2011년 30개체(47.6%)는 자예선숙개체(Protogynous, PG)로 단풍나무는 이형자웅이숙(異型雌雄異熟: heterodichogamy)하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 5개체(7.9%)에서 성전환-4개체는 PA에서 PG로, 1개체는 PG에서 PA로-이 확인되었다. 건전종자와 부후종자의 비율에서는 성 형태 간의 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 건전종자의 비율은 PA에서 2010년 25.8/50, 2011년 32.0/50로 상대적으로 높게 나타났고, PG에서는 2010년 15.2/50, 2011년 20.2/50로 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 부후종자의 비율은 PA에서 2010년 20.0/50, 2011년 15.6/50로 상대적으로 낮게 나타났고, PG에서는 2010년 32.8/50, 2011년 28.4/50로 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 성형태간의 부후종자율의 차이는 단풍나무 종실가해 해충들의 활동시기와 관련이 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2017

This study was conducted by using a Nikon Coolpix S800c camera equipped with a NIR filter to measure the NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). It was used for the measurement of the three trees of Pinus densiflora, Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata and Acer palmatum in Kangwon National University. The NDVI value of the surface of the building was compared and analyzed. The average value of NDVI in August and September was high in all species. The NDVI distribution of Taxus cuspidata was higher than the other trees. The NDVI distribution of Pinus densiflora and Taxus cuspidata did not show any significant seasonal differences, but The NDVI distribution of Zelkova serrata and Acer palmatum were relatively low in May and June, which are leafless periods. Previous studies related to NDVI value were generally analyzed using satellite imagery. However, it was scarce related to study the NDVI value of each tree or study the changing process of NDVI by time series. Previous studies have used NDVI values on the ground but this study used NDVI values in the ground section. Future studies will be necessary to measure the NDVI value at different times for various species and also to make efforts to generalize the measurement method. In addition, research related to various fields such as the relationship between NDVI and carbon stocks and the relationship with LAI needs to be conducted.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1979

단풍나무류(類)의 배축삽수(胚軸揷穗)에서 부정근(不定根)의 형성기원(形成基源)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 단풍나무, 아기단풍나무 및 은단풍나무등의 종자(種子)를 파종(播種)하여 10일후(日後)에 얻은 길이 5cm의 배축삽수(胚軸揷穗)를 증류수(蒸溜水)에 꽂아 발근(發根)한 개체(個體)를 취(取)하여 발근부위(發根部位)를 microtom으로 절단(切斷)하여 Safranin-Fast green 이중염색(二重染色)을 하여 검경(檢鏡)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단풍나무류(類) 배축삽수(胚軸揷穗)의 횡단면(橫斷面)의 구조(構造)는 외측(外側)으로부터 표피(表皮), 피층(皮層), 유관속(維管束) 및 수(隨)로 구성(構成)되어 있으며, 유관속(維管束)은 은단풍나무는 다원형(多原型), 단풍나무와 아기단풍나무는 4원형(原型)으로서 환상(環狀)을 이루고 있다. 2. 근원기(根原基)의 형성(形成)은 은단풍나무는 사부유조직(篩部柔組織) 및 유관속간유조직(維管束間柔組織)으로부터, 단풍나무와 아기단풍나무는 유관속간유조직세포(維管束間柔組織細胞)가 사부세포(篩部細胞)와 관련(關聯)하여 이루어지며, 삽수(揷穗)의 기부단면(基部斷面)에 callus의 형성(形成)은 없었다. 3. 단풍나무의 배축삽수(胚軸揷穗)는 대부분(大部分) 유조직(柔組織)으로서 세포(細胞) 분열능력(分裂能力)이 왕성(旺盛)하며, 형성(形成)된 근원기(根原基)는 계속(繼續) 부정근(不定根)으로 발달(發達)하여 유조직(柔組織)인 피층(皮層)과 표피계(表皮系)를 뚫고 나와 발근(發根)이 용이(容易)한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.38-53
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• 1998

This study quantified annual net carbon uptake by urban landscape trees and provided equations to estimate it for Ginkgo biloba, platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Acer palmatum, based on measurement of exchange rate for two years growing seasons from Sep., 1995 to Aug., 1997. The carbon uptake was significantly influenced by photosynthetic capacity, photon flux density and pruning. Ginkgo biloba showed the highest rate of net CO\sub 2\ uptake per unit leaf area and Acer palmatum did the lowest rate among those species. A tree shaded by adjacent building over the growing seasons showed net CO\sub2\ uptake per unit leaf area much lower than another tree of the same species less shaded. Annual net carbon uptake per tree was 19kg for Zelkova serrata, but only 1 kg for Ginkgo biloba and Platanus occidentalis with crown volume dwarfed from pruning. One Zekoval serrata tree annually offset carbon emission from consumption of about 32 liter of gasoline or 83 kWh of electricity. Strategies to improve CO\sub 2\ uptake by urban landscape trees include planting of species with high potosynthetic capacity, sunlight-guaranteed road and building layout for street trees, planting of shade-tolerant species in the north of buildings, and relocation of utility lines to underground and minimized pruning.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effects of wound dressing with thiophanate-methyl paste on the compartmentalization of pruning wounds in Acer palmatum. A total of thirty field-grown trees were used for three different treatments, such as no dressing, dressing once right after pruning cut, and dressing twice, one more dressing treatment one year after initial dressing. Wound closure rate (WCR) and discolored/wound area ratio (D/W ratio) two years after treatment were measured. Variations of extractives, holocellulose and lignin at the treated branch unions were also examined. The WCR of no dressing treatment of 70.9% was significantly lower than those of the two dressing treatments (85.4% and 82.7%, respectively), while the difference between dressing once and twice was not significant. The D/W ratio of no dressing treatment (39.3%) was significantly higher than those of the two dressing treatments (around 30%). Generally, at the branch core of the treated union, contents of extractives and lignin were higher and holocellulose contents were lower than the branch core of the union with living branch. Among the branch core of treated union, no dressing treatment showed a relatively lower holocellulose (63.5%), and relatively higher extractives (2.8%) and lignin (26.6%) than dressing once (66.2%, 1.7%, 26.1%, respectively).

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of root restriction on growth of maple(Acer palmatum Thumb.). Tow types of container such as clay pot(CP), root control bag(RCB) were used to restrict maple's root and each type of container was divided into 5 sizes. The containers with plants were buried just below the soil level and maples planted directly in the soil (nonrestricted root treatment) were included as comparison. Data were collected on dry weight of leaf, trunk, thick root, rootlet and soil water potential. We have analyzed, simple linear regression, Pearson's Correlation analysis, Duncan's multiple rang test, and Covariance Analysis using SAS statistical software. The results of analysis based on these data are as follows; 1. Total dry weight of maple in CP was significantly larger than in RCB. 2. Difference in growth reduction by the kinds of containers was induced by different hydraulic diffusion ratios between container and soil. Difference in growth reduction by the size of container was induced by the difference density of rootlet and soil moisture contents in the container. 4. Commercial products of root control of root control bag appeared not proper for countries in which fluctuation of rainfall is severe. Because maples in RCB were restricted by excess soil water in the rainy season, or by lack of soil water in the dray season.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.195-214
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• 1998

낙엽조경수목의 계절별 엽색 특성을 파악하여 식재계획 및 설계의 기초자료로 제공하고, 나아가 식재계획의 질적 향상을 도모하고자 낙엽조경수목 60과 211종을 대상으로 1992년 1월 1일부터 1993년 3월 20일까지 수목의 외형적 주요특성인 잎 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 낙엽조경수목의 잎의 감상은 귀룽나무가 3월 20일 개엽한 후 붉은인동덩굴이 낙엽한 12월 17일까지 9개월여 동안 가능하였으며, 잎의 지속기간이 8개월 이상인 수종으로는 왕보리수, 능수버들, 쥐똥나무, 찔레나무, 붉은인동덩굴, 클레마티스가 있었다. 2. 단풍전 잎이 빨강색계 수종은 꽃자두, 자주일본매자, 자주색노르웨이단풍, 수양단풍, 블랙검, 홍단풍의 7수종이 있었고, 노랑색계는 노란매자나무, 중산국수나무, 황금개나리, 황금쥐똥나무의 4 수종이 있었는데 이중 황금개나리와 황금쥐똥나무는 반엽수종이었다. 3. 단풍감상은 화살나무가 9월 6일에 단풍든후 붉은인동덩굴이 12월 17일 낙엽할 때까지 3개월 10일정도 가능하였고, 단풍색은 노랑색계가 60.7%, 빨강계가 37.4%이었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 1984

한국산(韓國産) 단풍나무속(屬) 6개(個) 수종(樹種)의 심재내(心材內) 지질(脂質)을 추출(抽出)하여 Thin Layer Chromatography에 의한 방법(方法)으로 종(種)을 식별(識別)하였으며, 정색반응(呈色反應)의 특징(特徵)으로 유연관계(類緣關係)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하연 다음과 같다. 1) 6개(個) 수종(樹種) 심재(心材)의 지질함량(脂質含量)은 유리암질(遊離暗質)이 평균(平均) 2.85%, 결합지질(結合脂質)이 1.54%이었으며, 전지질(全脂質)은 4.39%이었다. 2) TLC 정색반응(呈色反應) 특징(特徵)에 의해서 단풍나무속(屬) 6개(個) 수종(樹種) ; 신나무, 고로쇠나무, 네군도단풍, 단풍나무, 은단풍, 복자기를 식별(識別)할 수 있었으며, 정색반응(呈色反應)에 의한 유연관계(類緣關係)를 보면 단풍나무와 복자기가 근연(近緣)임을 알 수 있었다.