• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 2011

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is predicted to be therapeutic target for treatment of cancer and immune disease. Thus, we examined methanol extracts prepared from 156 Korean local plants for their inhibitory effects on IDO in vitro. Among them sixteen extracts showed more than 50% inhibition of IDO activity at the concentration of 30 ${\mu}g/ml$. Especially, the extracts of Platycarya strobilacea, Quercus acutissima, Acer ginnala and Alnus japonica were most potent because their $IC_{50}$ value were 6.5, 8.1, 3.9 and 4.2 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.382-387
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• 2009

Enhanced formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated as a major pathogenesis process leading to diabetic complications, normal aging, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In our ongoing project to discover novel treatments for diabetic complications from natural sources, we have investigated on the inhibitory activity of 67 ethanol extracts from 57 Korean herbal medicines against the formation of AGEs in vitro. Of these, 22 extracts were found to have a significant AGEs inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$<50 ${\mu}g$/ml) compared with aminoguanidine ($IC_{50}$=75.98 ${\mu}g$/ml). Particularly, 6 extracts from 3 herbal medicines, Castanea crenata (flower, leaf, bark-twig), Acer tatarium subsp. ginnala (fruit) and Sapium japonicum (leaf, twig) showed (approximately 8-17 fold) stronger inhibitory activity than that of aminoguanidine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in cutting-slope area of the Baekdu Range roadside. In the cutting-slope area and upper forest area of the cutting-slope area, sample plots of 104 were selected and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. We found total 151 species in the 104 plots. The species of high frequency of Baekdu Range roadside were found in the order of Lespedeza bicolor, Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Pinus densiflora, Salix hulteni, Lespedeza cuneata, Erigeron annuus, Rubus crataegifolius, Spodiopogon sibiricus, etc. The dominancy of Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Lespedeza bicolor, Pinus densiflora, Salix hulteni, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Miscanthus sinensis, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Acer ginnala were 12.74%, 10.43%, 7.48%, 4.42%, 4.09%, 3.13%, 2.49%, 2.45%, 2.40% in the roadside cutting-slope, respectively. The importance value of Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Lespedeza bicolor, Quercus serrata, Rhus trichocarpa were 17.32%, 13.82%, 11.60%, 11.31%, 8.76%, 8.04%, 7.65%, 7.10% in shrub layer of the upper forest area, respectively. The species of Carex lanceolata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Carex siderosticta, Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia sp., Potentilla fragarioides var. major, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Aster scaber, Lysimachia clethroides, Patrinia villosa, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhus trichocarpa, Stephanandra incisa, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lespedeza sp., Lespedeza cuneata, Amorpha fruticosa, Ligustrum obtusifolium, and Weigela subsessilis, may be more helpful in stabilizing of the cutting-slope area and making harmony with the surrounding forest area.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the natural dyeing characteristics of Korean traditional hand-made paper (Hanji). The Hanji was dyed black with extractive of gallnut (Rbusjavanica L), leaves of Amur maple (Acer ginnala), nutshell of chestnut (Castania crenata), and persimmon juice and Chinese ink. And moreover, the Hanji was dyed not only using single and combination of dyestuff but also changing mordants and mordanting procedure. And we estimated the relationship between dyeing characteristics and dyestuff concentration (o.w.f.). The gallnut was the most principal material dyeing black. The procedure of mordanting from copper acetate to Iron (II) chloride and dyeing from gallnut to Amur maple dyestuffs were the best dyeing method for the Hanji to black. The K/S value of dyed Hanji increased with increasing concentration of dyestuff.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.427-451
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• 1992

The nematodes associated with forest trees were surveyed in the National Parks and Mountains in Korea. A total of 73 species on 28 genera were identified from rhizosphere of 154 tree s species. Platycarya strobilacea, Ulmus davidiana and Acer ginnala were known to new host p plants of Meloinema kerongens. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was detected only in Pusan on Pi$\pi$us t thunbergii, B. mucronatus was detected in Cheju, Masan, and Chinhae. Insect parasitic nemat todes, Prothallonema intermedium, on P. rigida in Daegu, P. thunbergii in Cheju city, Namwonu up, Gujoa-up and Aewol-up. The number of nematode species according to forest trees was t the highest on P. thunbergii to 32 species, followed by 24 species on Abies holophylla, 20 species on Zelkova serrata, 19 species on Diospyros kaki, 18 species on Quercus acutissima, respectively. L Localities of distribution according to nematode species were as follows; Crico$\pi$emella i$\pi$formis i in 81, X. americanum in 74, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni in 51, C. macrodora in 35, H Hemicriconemoides varionodus and Ogma serratum in 31, Pararotylenchus pini in 25, H Hemicycliophora koreana in 24, Aphelenchus avenae and C. pseudohercyniensis in 24, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 1988

^x This study was executed to analyze the vegetational landscape structure of Donggu Royal Tomb forest by four kinds of ordination techniques(polar, principal component analysis, reciprocal averaging, and detrended correspondence analysis) and comparison of the couple photographs between 1920s and 1987. Thirteen sites were sampled with clumped sampling method in June of 1987 and five quadrats were examined in each site. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Environmental impact grade 3,4 and 5 area covered 16.11ha and these area should be restored by the input of human energy because self - refair seemed to be impossible. 2. Pinus densiflora community of actual vegetation covered 8.2%, Alnus japonica community 5.7% and quercus aliena community 15.8% of the surveyed area(73.3ha). And afforested vegetation including Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Alnus hirsuta and Robinia pseudoacacia covered 27.0%. 3. Donggu Royal Tomb forest was divided by Pinus densiflora, P. densiflora-Quercus aliena, Alnus japonia - Q. aliena and A. japonica community. DCA was the most effective method of this study. 4. DCA ordination were showed that succesional trends of tree species seem to be from Pinus densiflora through Prunus sargentii, Quercus serrata, Quercus aliena to Carpinus laxiflora in P. densiflora community and from Alnus japonica through Acer ginnala to Q. aliena in A. japonica community of the upper layer and from Rosa multiflora, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Zanthoxylum schiniflolium through Rhus trichocarpa, Styrax japonica, Rhododendron scilippenbachii to Viburum erosum, Lindera obtusiloba in the middle layer. 5. By the comparsion of the couple photographs beween 1920s and 1987, we can recognize the change of historical landscape composed by P. densiflora and A. japonica community and those community is succeed to Q. aliena.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.411-417
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• 2009

This research is intended to discover physiological and biochemical defense mechanisms against herbivores of 8 species of the genus Acerby examining the morphological characteristics of the leaf, the structure and number of leaf domatia, herbivores insects and mites feeding on leaves, which were collected from the trees growing in Mt. Chiak, Mt. Cheongtae, Mt. Jungwang, Mt. Bangtae, Mt. Taebaek and Wonju City. This research was conducted from May through July, 2009, and the results are as follows. The domatia of A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and A. mandshuricum belongs to tuft type; that of A. palmatum, A. triflorum and A. tschonoskii pocket+tuft type; and that of A. tegmentosum pocket type. The number of domatia per leaf turned out to be the highest in the case of A. tegmentosum(20.2), and the lowest in the case of A. ginnala (4.2). Leaf surface trichomes of A. palmatum, A. pseudosiebotdianum, A. ginnala and A. mandshuricum are covered with villi; those of A. pictum subsp. mono and A. triflorum with soft, pilose type of hair, and those of A. tschonoskii with stiff, strigose hair. The trichome density of lower leaf surface is found to be higher than that of the upper leaf surface. Only in the case of A. palmatum, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. tegmentosum and A. tschonoskii, a small amount of nectar is found to be secreted from the distal vein parts of the leaf margin. The number of mites on each leaf are found to be significantly different among tree species, and average mites number per leaf was the highest in the case of A. tschonoskii (9.2/leaf), and A. mandshuricum, A. pseudosieboldianum, and A. triflorum follow it in decreasing order. Minute insects attacking the leaf of Acer spp. include Periphyllus californiensis, P. viridis, Psylla spp, and gall mites, and the number of these insects are found in Periphyllus californiensis, Psylla spp, P. viridis, and Cicadellidae sp. in decreasing order. The natural enemies of these herbivores insects are predatory mites, such as Chilocorus rubidus, Coccinella septempunctata and the nymph, Aphidius ervi, Poecilocoris lewisi and its larva, and Poecilocoris lewisi. Lasius japonicus and Formica japonica are symbiotic with aphids, and supports herbivores. Finally, our research confirmed that predatory mites attack Periphyllus californiensis and suck the body fluid of their victim. This proves that mites form a symbiotic relationship with plants through the mediation of leaf domatia. This also indicates that a protective mutualism may be more conspicuous in temperate broad-leaved trees.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2013

The species of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong Which is belong to the Corydaliaceae is only distributed at the Gyaejeong Forest in Gyeongsan. As one of the spring ephemeral plants, this species has limited growing period. The present study is on site characteristics and vegetation structure in the wild habitats of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong and offers basic information on habitat conservation including recovery plan. The soil texture is silty loam and soil acidity is ranged as pH 5.4~5.9. The electric conductivity was 0.22-0.50 ds/m and soil organic content is ranged as 7.61~15.78 %. Fifty nine vascular plants were identified from 5 quadrats. According to the two way cluster analysis applied by the PC-ORD, the community was classified as Acer ginnala, Vicia amoena and Stellaria aquatica. The habitat of Corydalis cornupetala Y.H.Kim et J.H.Jeong was determined by the dissimilarity indices rather than the species number of appearance. Species diversity was 1.26, and dominance and evenness were found to be 0.08 and 0.92, respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain basic ecological information required for wetland restoration in Korea where wetland is very deficient. To arrive at the objective, we collected the basic ecological information for wetland restoration in four Doombeongs located on Goesan of Chungcheongbuk-do (province), central Korea where maintains relatively integrate feature of Doombeong. Synthesized horizontal distribution of vegetation based on vegetation established naturally except that established by artificial interference, Potamogeton distinctus community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Sagittaria aginashi community, Trapa japonica community, Scirpus triangulatus community, and Sparganium japonicum community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Ludwigia prostrata community, Humulus japonicus community, Persicaria nodosa community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis - P. japonica community, and Scirpus radicans community, S. gracilistyla community, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora community, and Rosa multiflora community, and Salix koreensis community and Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala community tended to be established in aquatic zone, herbaceous plant dominated vegetation zone, shrub dominated vegetation zone, and tree and sub-tree dominated vegetation zone, respectively. As the result of DCA ordination based on vegetation data collected from several Doombeongs and their surrounding areas, plant communities tended to be classified into aquatic, wetland, and riparian plant dominated stands. Spatial niche and species composition of major plant communities composing those stands were suggested as the reference information for creating ecological pond as a type of wetland. Further, the importance of wetland and the necessity of wetland restoration was discussed based on functions that the wetland displays.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1982

The pollen morphology of 2 forms, 6 varieties, 50 species, 15 genera, 11 families of Korean Sapindales was studied. The keys were provided for general and families of Korean Sapindales. General pollen morphology was diversed and taxonomically significant differences were obtained in shape, aperture, type and size, sculpture pattern and exine thickness of pollen grains. Pollen grains of Korean Sapindales could be grouped into four types and five subtypes. One of five sub-types pollen grains of Acer could be ground into four under subtypes: ginnala type, barbinerve type, psseudo-sieboldianum type and negundo type. Pollen morphology of Empetraceae, Buxaceae and Balsaminaceae appeared to have very special features in the equatorial view and aperature type compare with pollen grain of the other families of Korean Sapindales.