• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2007

Neospora caninum (N caninum) is an intracellular protozoa parasite, and its infection is one of the important diseases because it can cause abortion in cattle. This study was conduct to gain epidemiological data for more effective control of the disease. Bloods were collected from 2,162 cattle on 90 farms from February to September 2006. Serums were tested for antibodies to N caninum using ELISA CherdCheck, IDEXX). The dairy breed presented a higher proportion of seropositive results than that of Hanwoo. The estimated proportion of N caninum-positive dairy farms was 71.1 %, but the overall seroprevalence was estimated as 22.8%. The seroprevalence of dairy cattle and Hanwoo were 31.0% and 4.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence by age, but the not-intensive managed farms had a high seroprevalence (OR=1.91, p-value<0.01). The antibody rate of cattle with dog(s) was greater than that of those without dogs (OR=2.13, p-value<0.01). There was a significant difference in abortion rate between seropositive cattle and seronegative ones (OR=6.2, p-value<0.01).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1971

A survey was couducted by the staff of the Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, from April through May 1971, on such events as delivery, death, abortion and family planning. The survey directed to a total population 6,552 (Male 3,133; Female 3,419) residing in this area (1,262 households) led us to the following findings: 1) Two year averages of crude birth rate, crude death rate and natural increase rates were 24.9, 5.0 and 19.9 respectively. 2) Infant death rates for the years 1969 and 1970 were 13.2 and 5.8 respectively, mean for the two year period being 9.3. 3) Hospital deliveries rated 68.5 per cent, Home deliveries 28.4 per cent and deliveries at midwives' offices 2.7 per cent. 4) Deliveries other than hospital and midwives' office deliveries were found to be attended more often by mothers. 5) About 41.4 per cent of all pregnant women during last two years received prenatal care once or more. 6) The induced abortion rate was 6.7 per cent in 1969 and 7.5 per cent in 1970. 7) The spontaneous abortion rate was 1.1 per cent in 1969 and 1.4 per cent in 1970. 8) Hypertension was the most frequent cause of adult death(21.6%). 9) The rate of current practice in family planning was 43.3 percent of all women.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2021

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether intralipid administration improved the outcomes of in vitro fertilization. Online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase) were searched until March 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the role of intralipid administration during in vitro fertilization were considered. We analyzed the rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included the rates of chemical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and missed abortion. We reviewed and assessed the eligibility of 180 studies. Five RCTs including 840 patients (3 RCTs: women with repeated implantation failure, 1 RCT: women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, 1 RCT: women who had experienced implantation failure more than once) met the selection criteria. When compared with the control group, intralipid administration significantly improved the clinical pregnancy rate (risk ratio [RR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.79), ongoing pregnancy rate (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31-2.53), and live birth rate (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.44-2.38). However, intralipid administration had no beneficial effect on the miscarriage rate (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.48-1.17). A funnel plot analysis revealed no publication bias. Our findings suggest that intralipid administration may benefit women undergoing in vitro fertilization, especially those who have experienced repeated implantation failure or recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, larger, well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• 한국인구학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.47-76
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• 1996

이 논문은 인구자질정책을 전개하는 데 필요한 기초적인 정보를 제공하기 위하여 실시된 임신추적조사의 결과이다. 경기도 가평군 전지역을 대상으로 1993년 11월 3일부터 1995년 12월 31일까지 유배우 여성이 경험한 모든 임신을 추적조사하여 임신경과와 그 결과를 관찰하였다. 조사기간중 782건의 임신이 관찰되었는데, 이중 642건은 최종 임신종결 형태가 확인되었으며 140건은 전출 및 조사종료에 따라 관찰이 중단되었다. 본 연구에서는 임신추적조사 자료로 태생기 생명표를 작성하여 그 생명현상을 분석하였다. 태생기 생명표에 따른 임신종결확률은 출생률 53.5%, 태아사망률 14.5%, 인공유산율 32.0%로 전임신기간을 통해서 46.5%의 임신손모가 있었으며, 태아주령에 따른 임신종결확률의 곡선모양은 인공유산율과 태아사망률 모두 L형을 나타내었다. 한편 인위적으로 임신을 중단시키는 인공유산을 제외했을 경우의 태아사망확률은 21.9%였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 임신 초기에 태아사망이나 인공유산과 같은 임신손모에 의해 태생기의 생명이 상당히 손실되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 임신손모를 방지하기 위한 대책이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1980

Natural increase rate in population is reached to 1.7% in 1975 fron 2.5% in 1966 because of the effect of Govermental Family Planning Program. The average number of present children and ideal children is just the same, 2.4 people, in this investigation. So, I assume that the number of present and ideal children is approaching each other. The rate of unmarried female workers who don't know even one thing about the know ledge of contraception was 23.9%, and especially that of rural women was 31.5% and 41.3% of them has never experienced contraception. 'Boy-preference' presented 60.1% of unmarried female workers and 79.1% of married women. 'Connection of a family line' related to 'Transfer to next generation of a family line' presented 38.0% and 'Trustworthiness' related to 'Leadership of a family' presented 26.0% (total 64.0%). As this point, Ive can find that this rate reveals the traditional sense of patriarchal system in society and family. The rate of women of experienced artificial abortion has been 52.1% and that of women using it as birth control caused by 'Many children' and 'Short brith-interval' 46.6% of women of experienced pregnancy. So, we can see that artificial abortion is a main cause of Maternal Health destruction.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

To examine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) infections in cattle raised at farms where an abortion had previously occurred in Gongju city and Yeongi-gun of Chungnam Province, 280 head of cattle from six farms were examined by ELISA. Thirty-two pregnant cattle from four farms were examined to determine the abortion rate in N. caninum-infected pregnant cattle and the infection pattern in newborn calves. The six farms where the abortions had previously occurred demonstrated positive reactions to N. caninum. Although the mean seropositive rate of the six farms was 17.5%, the range of seropisitivity was 3.4-57.1% due to the difference in seroprevalence between farms. The general pattern of seropositivity in cows was higher than in heifers. In addition, the abortion rate of N. caninumpositive in 18 out of 32 pregnant dams raised in four farms was 16.7%. The seroprevalence of newborn calves from N. caninum-positive pregnant animals differed according to the farm but was 86.7% overall. In contrast, 14 newborn calves from the N. caninum-negative pregnant cattle showed negative responses. This suggests that N. caninum is endemic and occurs through vertical transmission from chronically-infected dams. Therefore, aborted dams should be discarded.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2013

이 연구는 건강보험공단으로부터 획득한 2001년부터 2008년까지 전국 232개 시군구 지역의 분만 및 합병증 청구 자료를 바탕으로 산모가 자신의 거주 지역 내 외에서 출산하는 비율과 산과적 합병증과의 관련성을 밝히기 위한 생태학적 연구이다. 산모가 본인의 거주 지역 밖에서 출산하는 비율인 관외분만율은 정도에 따라 저도 관외분만율 지역, 중등도 관외분만율 지역, 고도 관외분만율 지역으로 범주화하였으며, 산과적 합병증은 '유산, 자궁외 임신 및 기태임신에 따른 합병증율', '유산율', '자간증율'을 구하였다. 관외분만율에 따른 산과적 합병증의 일원배치 분산분석에서 저도 및 중등도 관외분만율 지역보다 고도 관외분만율 지역이 '유산, 자궁외 임신 및 기태임신에 따른 합병증율'과 '자간증율'이 통계적으로 의미있게 증가하는 경향을 보였고(p<0.05), 산과적 합병증 각각을 종속변수로 한 다중선형회귀분석에서 '유산, 자궁외 임신 및 기태임신에 따른 합병증율'은 고도 관외분만율 지역(분만서비스 접근 취약지역)이 기타 지역보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.01), '자간증율'은 고도 관외분만율 지역에서 그리고 1인당 지방세납입액이 낮은 지역에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 이 연구를 통해 분만서비스 접근 취약지역에 거주하는 산모에서 산과적 합병증이 높음을 나타냈고 따라서 이에 대한 적절한 대책이 세워져야 할 필요성을 시사하고 있다. 특히 응급 대응 및 산전관리의 충실성을 높이기 위한 체계적인 대안이 정책적으로 고려되어야 함을 보여주고 있다. 한편 이 연구는 시군구를 분석 단위로 한 생태학적 연구이므로 산전관리 수진 및 산과적 합병증 발생에 영향을 미치는 개인수준에서의 요인들까지 고려되지 못한 점은 이 연구의 한계점으로 가지고 있다. 따라서 추후 산전관리 및 산과적 합병증에 영향을 미치는 산모 개인수준에서의 요인들까지 고려한 후속연구가 필요하겠다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2022

Objectives: Herbal medicine is a worldwide health topic. Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) is a popular plant used for gynecologic problems due to its hormonal effects. The aim of this study is to reveal VAC extract effect on fetus when this herb is used started from antenatal period or during pregnancy. Methods: Performed from starting day of January 2019 till February 2019, 48 rats were assigned in randomly divided eight-member six groups: control (C1), treated group with 365 mg/kg VAC from initiation of insemination (T1) and 30 days prior to pregnancy (T2), control that underwent caesarean section on 15^th day of gestational age (C2) and treated group with 365 mg/kg VAC from initiation of insemination (T3) and 30 days prior to pregnancy (T4) that underwent caesarean section. Weight, sex and number of fetuses, abortion and still birth rate and estradiol level were evaluated using t-test by SPSS software. Results: We showed increased weight among T1 group considering totally and sex-dependent which is significant (all p-value < 0.05). We also detected significantly decreased weight in T2 in total (p-value < 0.0001) and when considering female fetuses (0.043) but not males (0.17). Although the results showed slightly non-significant increased weight among fetuses of T3 (totally or based on the fetus sex) compared to the control group (C2), T4 group had statistically decreased weight compared to control group. Pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcome were affected by VAC usage. The time of VAC initiation also affected live birth and abortion rates. Conclusion: VAC extract may affect pregnancy rate, live birth rate, abortion and stillbirth rates. Its effect on the weight and the sex showed dual pattern depends on the time of initiation and pregnancy trimester of evaluation. Prescribing this medicinal plant for patients being prone to pregnancy should be with caution. Further study is recommended.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.33-53
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• 1988

This study aimed at developing a desirable family planning policy and strategy by examining the current status of family planning practice in rural Korea and by indentifying the crucial factors which affect fertility control behavior. For this purpose, an analytical study was conducted, using the survey data collected in July 1985, on an interview basis, on 1, 440 married women living in the Soyi, Wonnam and Maingdong townships of Eumseong County(in North Chungcheong Province). This study population has the typical characteristics of rural areas, and the results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. In regard to the demographic characteristics of the study population : their average age at marriage was 23.7, they had an average of 2.6 children( 1.3 boys, 1.3 girls) :10% experienced the death of their child (ren) :14% had spontaneous abortion(s) :4% weathered stillbirth(s) :35% went through induced abortion (s) : and 5.5% were currently pregnant. The average of their ideal numbers of children was 2.2, while 44% felt that they must have a son. 2. Looking at the contact rate with medical & health institutions, over the past 1 year, the visit rate to health subcenters was 43.7%, while 26.9% visited the (county) health center :59.6% had been to private clinics : and 41.5% went to the Soonchunhyang - Eumsung hospital : thus showing a relatively high rate of accessibility. 3. The utilization rate of family planning services was 76.5%, with tubectomy being the most prominent method at 52.3%, while the informants were health workers in 54.2% of the acceptors. Of the 8.4% who discontinued the use of contraceptive methods, only 26% did so due to want for pregnancy, natural infertility (meno - pause), or other reasons, while the remaining 74% stopped usage on account of side effects, failure in the methods themselves, and inconvenience of use, thus pointing to a situation where the proper choice of family planning methods have not yet been made. It can be noted that there is a strong motivation for early birth stopping as 35.3% practice family planning even with only one child, of which 38.3% have had sterilization operations. According to results of a multiple regression analysis, among the variables affecting contraception usage the most significant variable was the number of sons. 4. 34.8% experienced induced abortions. It was shown as a result of multiple regression analysis that the number of children and attitudes toward induced abortions extensively affected their frequency of abortions conducted. 5. In the regard to the relation between family planning and induced abortions, 33.7% of the women used both, while 52.0% of them used only the former(family planning), with only 1.4 % utilizing solely the latter(abortion), and 12.9% totally abstaining from fertility regulation : again, the discriminant analysis indicated that the choice of family planning and/or induced abortion was determined by the number of children and attitudes toward induced abortion. In view of the above mentioned results, the following are some comments and suggestions concerning problems related to the current family planning policies, in Korea : 1. It is difficult to expect a further quantitative expansion in family planning program operations, as there has been an excessive supply of target-oriented sterilization operations on women. From a maternal and child health care point of view, it will be desirable to have a diversification of service points in the future where family planning methods may be properly chosen, so that choices of methods which suit the mothers' characteristics and tastes may be made by the individuals themselves by strengthening their quality of family planning information services. 2. Along with the strengthening of the qualitative improvement of family planning services policies must be implemented to effectively promote the moral (ethical) deterrents to induced abortions and to preference for sons. From a maternal care standpoint, the social permissive norm toward induced abortion must be modified, and the bias towards son must be analyzed as the women with more daughters have a lower rate of family planning acceptance. Such changes in attitudes, however, can not be hoped to be accomplished with ad hoc policies, but will only be possible when an enhancement of the women's status(within the society) is brought about in a long - term perspective.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1993

The condition of the endometrium is an important factor which may influence the success or failure in IVF-ET. This study was undertaken for evaluation of the value of endometrial growth as an early predictor for the success of IVF. Ultrasonographic endometrial measurement were performed in 43 IVF cycles that conceived, 101 cycles that did not with an IVF-ET There was no significant difference in the endometrial thickness and the serum concentration of estradiol in the pregnant versus nonpregnant group(10.4 vs. 9.9 mm: 2348 vs. 2017 pg/ml no hCG administration day). No correlation was found between the ultrasound image and serum estradiol levels around the time of hCG administration(r=0.54, p=0.13 no Day 2; r=0.45, p=0.14 no Day 1). The duration of gonadotropin treatment, number of follicles, number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization rate were not statistically different in the two groups, however, there was a significant difference in the number of embryos in the pregnant versus nonpregnant group)p< 0.05). A higher pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate occured with an endometrial thickness over 11 mm compared with below 7mm(p< 0.05, p< 0.005). however, no significant differences were noted in the implantation rate and abortion rate among the groups that classified according to their endmetrial thickness. The endometrial growth(${\Delta}$) from hCG administration day(DO) to D6 was greater in the women who achieved pregnancy than in the nonpregnant group(p< 0.01). There were no significant differences in serum estradiol levels, implantation rate, pregnancy rate, and abortion rate among the groups that classified according to the pattern of echogenesity of endometrium, however, significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rate was noted in group A, B compared with group C.(p< 0.0001, p< 0.001) These results suggest that there were no ultrasonographically detectable differences in the patterns of endometrial growth and development around the time of hCG administration in patients who conceive versus those that do not in IVF-ET.