• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2009

Audio Video Standard (AVS)는 중국내의 멀티미디어 응용기기를 위해 개발된 오디오/비디오 압축 표준이다. AVS는 표준화 코덱 중 성능이 가장 우수한 것으로 알려진 H.264/AVC에 비해 낮은 복잡도의 비디오 알고리즘을 사용하면서도 비슷한 RD 성능을 보인다. AVS 비디오 코덱은 VGA급 이상의 영상을 타겟으로 하기 때문에 큰 해상도에서 압축효율이 좋은 $8{\times}8$ 단위 블록의 예측 및 변환 알고리즘을 사용한다. 현재 중국에서 IPTV 및 모바일 애플리케이션을 위한 코덱으로 AVS를 사용하는 비중이 높아지고 있어 국내의 기업 및 연구소에서도 AVS를 위한 애플리케이션 및 칩 개발을 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 AVS 비디오 복호화기 알고리즘을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 하여 불필요한 메모리 연산이 없도록 AVS 비디오 복호화기를 구현하고 이를 TI의 Davinci EVM보드에서 최적화하였다. 또한, 제안한 복호화기에 고속의 VLD 알고리즘을 적용하고 linear assembly로 디블록킹 필터를 구현하는 등 DSP에 적합하도록 최적화를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 AVS의 참조 소프트웨어인 RM 5.2J 복호화기와 비교하여 $500%{\sim}700%$의 복호 속도 향상을 이루었다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

Sediment microcosm experiments were conducted for 14 and 28 days using Zn spiked sediment to examine the changing distribution of bioavailab1e sediment-bound Zn at different SEM (simultaneously extracted metal)-Zn/ AVS (acid volatile sulfide) mole ratios as a function of time and amphipod density. In surficial sediments (0-1cm), AVS concentrations significantly decreased due to bioturbation and oxidation, while SEM-Zn concentrations remained unchanged. As a result, SEM-Zn/AVS ratios in the surface sediment were greater one although the ratios were designed as less than one initially. With increasing SEM-Zn/AVS ratios in surficial sediments, concentrations of potentially bioavailable $MgCl_2$extractable-Zn, NaOAc extractable-Zn and pore water-Zn significantly increased, while concentrations of SEM-Zn were not significantly varied. Results suggested that as AVS concentrations decreased, AVS bound Zn was partitioned to other sediment fractions (i.e. $MgCl_2$ and NaOAc extractable) and the pore water, resulting in changes in Zn bioavailability in surficial sediments. Concentrations of AVS, SEM-Zn and pore water-Zn remained unchanged in the deeper layers (>1 cm) of the sediment.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.344-350
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• 2010

Sweet pepper inbred lines (KNU1003, KNU1006, KNU1007, KNU1009, KNU1015, KNU1017 and KNU2006) developed at Kangwon National University (KNU) through conventional means, inbred lines (5AVS1, 5AVS2, 5AVS3, 5AVS5, 5AVS7 and 5AVS8) collected at Rural Development Administration (RDA) and inbred lines (SP12, SP27 and SP14) derived from anther culture were used as female parents and anther culture derived homozygous lines (SP9, SP10, SP14, SP24, SP25, SP27, SP30, SP32, SP34, SP38, SP43, SP45 and SP51) were used as male parents to produce $F_1$ hybrids. A total of 37 $F_1$ hybrids were evaluated for fruit yield and quality characters in summer season, 2007. Variation in fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit volume was observed among the $F_1$ hybrids. Superiority on yield over standard/commercial varieties were differed among $F_1$ hybrids. Hybrid $5AVS8{\times}SP45$ exhibited highest heterosis over Special (16.5%) and Fiesta (24.7%). Fruit quality characters (fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, fruit shape and fruit color) were varied among the $F_1$ hybrids. Fruit number, fruit weight and fruit volume per plant were correlated with fruit yield. Based on the standard heterosis expressed by the hybrids and quality characters evaluation, $KNU1017{\times}SP27$, $5AVS1{\times}SP43$, $5AVS5{\times}SP27$, $5AVS8{\times}SP45$, $SP12{\times}SP38$ and $SP27{\times}SP25$ hybrids were found to be superior over commercial cultivars and are selected. Inbred lines of these hybrid combinations can be used to produce $F_1$ hybrid seed for commercial production.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2002

Benthic organisms dwell in sediment-water interface that contains significant amount of organic and inorganic contaminants. Their feeding behavior is highly related with sediment itself and pore water in the sediments, especially in ease of deposit feeder (i.e. polychaete, amphipod). The acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is one of the important binding phases of sediment-bound metals in addition to organic matter and Fe and Mn oxide fractions in sediments, particularly in anoxic sediments. The AVS model is a powerful tool to predict metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation in benthic organisms considering SEM/AVS mole ratios in surficial sediments. However, several biogeochemical factors must be considered to use AVS model in the sediment-bound metal bioavailability.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2002

퇴적물 내 황화물(acid volatile sulfide, AVS)이 저서 생물의 금속 생물 축적 및 독성 반응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 이해하기 위해서 해양 다모류인 Neanthes arenaceodentata를 이용한 퇴적물 노출실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해서 세 개의 다른 AVS 농도군에 대조구를 포함한 다섯 개의 농도 구배로 Cd, Ni, Zn를 오염시킨 퇴적물에서 N. arenaceodentata를 20일간 배양한 후 실험생물의 체내 금속 축적량과 그에 따른 사망률 및 성장률을 조사하였다. N. arenaceodentata에 의한 금속의 생물축적은 Cd과 Zn의 경우 AVS 농도의 영향을 받아서 해수(overlying water, OW)내 용존 금속 농도에 비례해서 증가했다. Ni은 AVS농도에 영향을 받지 않고 퇴적물 내 금속(simultaneously extracted metals. SEM)농도에 비례해서 증가했다. N. arenaceodentata의 사망과 성장률 저해현상은 SEM과 AVS 간의 몰농도차가 영보다 큰 조건(［SEM-AVS］>0)에서만 관찰되었는데 용존 Zn에 의한 결과로 추정되었다. OW-Zn의 20-d LC50값은 9.3(8.0$\pm$11.0) $\mu$M이었다. 사망률에 대한 체내 Zn 농도의 최소영향농도(LOEC)는 7.8 $\mu$mol/g이었고, 최대무영향농도(NOEC)는 6.2$\mu$mol/g이었다. 성장률 저해에 대한 체내 Zn 농도의 LOEC는 5.9$\mu$mol/g이었고, NOEC은5.1 $\mu$mol/g토이었다. 본 실험에서는 실험실 조건에서 인위적으로 오염시킨 퇴적물 내 Zn의 입자상 Zn 농도와 용존 Zn농도의 비 (K$_{d}$ )가 현장 퇴적물에 비해서 10배 정도 감소함으로써 결국 용존 Zn에 의한 독성이 과대평가된 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Statins are thought to have little effect on the progression of aortic stenosis, but the data on their role in patients with aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) are limited and inconsistent. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 541 consecutive patients (214 men, age: $70{\pm}11$ years) with AVS. Each patient underwent two or more electrocardiography examinations at least 6 months apart at Kangwon National University Hospital from August 2010 to August 2015. AVS is defined as irregular thickening of the leaflets, focal increases in echogenicity and minimal elevation of the peak aortic valve velocity (> 1.5 and < 2 m/s). The progression rate of AVS was expressed as the increase in peak velocity per year (m/s/yr). RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was $24.9{\pm}13.3$ months in the statin-treated group and $24.1{\pm}12.4$ months in the non-statin-treated group (p = 0.460). There were no differences between the statin-treated and non-statin-treated groups in mean age, gender or smoking status. Relative to the non-statin-treated group, a higher number of patients in the statin-treated group had hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. The progression rate of AVS did not differ between the statin-treated and non-statin-treated groups ($0.012{\pm}0.340m/s/yr$ vs. $0.014{\pm}0.245m/s/yr$, p = 0.956). Multivariate analysis showed initial peak aortic jet velocity was significantly associated with AVS progression (${\beta}=0.153$, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that statins had no effect on the progression of AVS. However, well-designed studies are needed to define the prognosis and management of AVS.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.4074-4078
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• 2012

The first step in the common pathway for the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids is catalyzed by acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS). The AHAS is found in plants, fungi and bacteria. With an aim to identify new anti-tuberculosis drugs that inhibit branched chain amino acid biosynthesis, we screened a chemical library against Mycobacterium tuberculosis AHAS. The screening identified four compounds, AVS 2087, AVS 2093, AVS 2236, and AVS 2387 with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.28, 0.21, 3.88, and $0.25{\mu}M$, respectively. Moreover, these four compounds also showed strong inhibition against reconstituted AHAS with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.37, 0.26, 1.0, and $1.18{\mu}M$, respectively. The basic scaffold of the AVS group consists of 1-pyrimidin-2-yl-1H-[1,2,4]-triazole-3-sulfonamide. The most active compound, AVS 2387, showed the lowest total interaction energy -8.75 Kcal/mol and illustrates its binding mode by hydrogen bonding with $H_{\varepsilon}$ of Gln517 with the distance of $2.24{\AA}$.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

해양퇴적물 오염평가에 널리 쓰이는 단각류 Leptocheirus plumulosus를 이용하여 오염된 퇴적물에서 Ag을 축적하는데 있어서 각 매질(퇴적물, 공극수, 먹이)의 상대적 기여도를 조사하였다. 또한 퇴적물 중 중금속의 생물 이용도와 독성을 조절하는 인자로 잘 알려진 황화물(AVS)이 공극수 중 용존 Ag 농도와 생물내 흡수에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 연안 퇴적물을 임의로 4개의 농도구배(0.1${\sim}$3.3 ${\mu}$mol Ag/g)로 오염시킨 후, AVS농도를 40 또는 <0.5 ${\mu}$mol/g로 조절하여 실험생물을 35일 동안 노출시켰다. 실험생물이 배양되는 동안 Ag으로 오염된 것과 오염되지 않은 $TetraMin^{(R)}$을 보조 먹이로 공급하여 생물 체내 Ag축적 농도 차이를 비교하였다. 그 결과, L. plumulosus의 체내 Ag농도는 퇴적물 내 Ag의 농도와 양의 상관관계를 갖고 증가하였다($r^{2}$=0.87, p<0.001). 퇴적물 중 AVS의 함량은 공극수 중 용존 Ag의 농도를 조절하는 중요한 인자로 확인되었으나, AVS 농도는 L. plumulosus의 Ag축적에 거의 영향을 주지 않았다. Ag으로 오염된 먹이가 제공된 L. plumulosus는 오염되지 않은 먹이가 제공된 L. plumulosus보다 최고 1.8배 정도 높게 Ag을 체내에 축적하였다. 즉, Ag으로 오염된 퇴적물에서 L. plumulosus의 Ag축적은 공극수나 해수 중의 용존 Ag의 흡수보다는 퇴적물이나 먹이의 섭식을 통한 흡수가 주요 노출경로라는것을 시사한다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2003

Effect of the benthic echiurid Urechis unicinctus juveniles on the chemical characteristics of organically enriched sediment, as well as the individual survival rate and growth in various sediments, was investigated in this study to ascertain the effectiveness of U. unicinctus in the bioremediation of organically polluted sediment. The content of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediment of three coastal areas was 0.4±0.1 mg/gㆍdry sediment in Seonso, 0.1±0.01 mg/gㆍdry sediment in Myo-do, 0.02±0.01 mg/gㆍdry sediment in Dolsan-do, respectively. 500 juveniles with average body length of 1.2±0.3 mm were bred in these sediments. After 30 days, the AVS content of three places decreased to 0.29±0.3, 0.08±0.01 and 0.0l±0.01 mg/gㆍdry. After 60 days, the content was 0.23±0.03, 0.0l±0.01, 0.0l±0.01 mg/gㆍdry. The AVS content in the control (sediment from Seonso without juveniles) was 0.39±0.75 mg/gㆍdry sediment (after 30 days) and 0.45±0.01 mg/gㆍdry sediment (after 60 days). At the same time, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total ingition loss (TIL) of these sediments showed the same trend with that of AVS. Furthermore, 60 days later, the survival rate and growth of juveniles were 71.2%, 11.1±l.0 mm in Seonso, 89.8%, 12.0±1.3 mm in Myo-do and 81.6%, 11.9±1.9 mm in Dolsan-do. It was suggested that U. unicinctus can survive better in less polluted environment. Under different U. unicinctus juvenile density (100, 300, 500, 700, 900 individuals), after 60 days cultivation, the AVS content decreased from 0.4±0.1, 0.4±0.1, 0.4±0.3, 0.4±0.3, 0.4±0.3 mg/gㆍdry to 0.4±0.2, 0.3±0.2, 0.2±0.1, 0.2±0.1, 0.2±0.1 mg/gㆍdry. Therefore, the higher the density of juveniles, the greater the effect in improving the sediment. In comparison to different initial AVS concentration (0.40±0.01, 0.35±0.01, [I can't find a reference to this number above], 0.29±0.02, [I can't find a reference to this number above], 0.18±0.03, [I can't find a reference to this number above], 0.06±0.02 mg/gㆍdry sediment [I can't find a reference to this number above] and the control 0.0±0.0[I can't find a reference to this number above]), after 30 days cultivation with 500 juveniles, the AVS content was 0.29±0.03, 0.19±0.0, 0.15±0.01, 0.12±0.02, 0.05±0.0mg/gㆍdry and 0(control). After 60 days cultivation, the content was 0.23±0.03, 0.12±0.4, 0.10±0.01, 0.18±0.03, 0.06±0.02 mg/gㆍdry and 0 (control). Use % decrease in AVS content to state: The impact of U. unicinctus on the sediments was greater with higher concentrations of AVS. The results of this study indicate that U. unicinctus is effective in the biological treatment of sediments polluted by AVS and other organics.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to estimate one mouthful volume in a single swallow and average volume per swallow (AVS) in multiple swallows in the situation of toxic liquid poisoning. Methods: Thirty five men and 35 women were included in this study. Each subject was asked to drink one swallow and three consecutive swallows from bottle containing water and a bottle containing saline separately. We calculated one mouthful volume in a single swallow and AVS in three swallows. One mouthful volume and AVS were compared according to sex and content, respectively. One mouthful volume of water and saline was then compared with AVS of each. Results: Sixty seven adults(34 men; $26.9{\pm}3.2$ years, 33 women; $25.6{\pm}2.4$ years) completed the study. Men had larger one mouthful volume of water($49.1{\pm}19.9$ ml vs $39.7{\pm}10.2$ ml, p=0.02) and saline($20.7{\pm}10.9$ ml vs $14.0{\pm}4.6$ ml, p=0.004) and AVS of water($28.5{\pm}11.9$ ml vs $21.5{\pm}5.9$ ml, p=0.004) and saline($11.9{\pm}6.3$ ml vs $7.9{\pm}2.0$ ml, p=0.001) than women. One mouthful volume and AVS of saline swallow were lower than those of water swallow. AVS of three consecutive swallows was lower than one mouthful volume in water and saline swallow. Conclusion: We suggest that one mouthful volume in a single swallow is 21 ml in men and 14 ml in women and AVS in multiple swallows is 12 ml in men and 8 ml in women. AVS in multiple swallows is two-threefold lower than reference values(20~30 ml) commonly used in poisoning study.