• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.214-222
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• 2002

Computer simulations are widely used to analyze passenger safety in simulated traffic accidents. ATB, Articulated Total Body, is a computer simulation model developed to predict gross human body response to such dynamic environments as vehicle crashes and pilot ejections. ATB, whose code is open, has high flexibility and application capability that users can easily insert defined modules and functions. ATB is, however, inconvenient as it was coded in FORTRAN and it needs a formated input file. Moreover, it takes much time to make input files and to modify coding errors. This study aims to increase user friendliness by adding a preprocessor program, WINATB(WINdows ATB), to the conventional ATB. WINATB, programmed in Visual C＋＋ and OpenGL, uses ATB IV as a dynamic solver. The preprocessor helps users prepare input files through graphic interface and dialog box. An additional postprocessor makes the graphical presentation of simulated results. In these case of the frontal crash, the rear impact and the side impact, the simulation results obtained by WINATB and MADYMO(MAthematical Dynamic Model) are compared to validate the effectiveness of WINAIB.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.69.5-69
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• 2001

Computer simulations are widely used to analyze passenger safety in traffic accidents. ATB(articulated total body) is a computer simulation model developed to predict gross human body response to such dynamic environments as vehicle crashes and pilot ejections. ATB, whose code is open, has high flexibility and application capability that users can easily insert defined modules and functions. ATB is, however, inconvenient as it was coded in FORTRAN and it needs a formatted input file. Moreover, it takes much time to make input files and to modify coding errors. This study aims to increase user friendliness by adding a preprocessor program, WINATB(WiNdow ATB), to the conventional ATB. WINATB programmed in Visual C++ and OpenGL uses ATB IV as a dynamic solver ...

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

Occupant simulation models have been used to study trends or specific design changes in several typical crash situations. The ATB, Articulated Total Body, was developed and used to predict gross human body responses to vehicle crashes and pilot ejections. Since the ATB source code is open to public, the user can add their own defined modules and functions. The introduction of seat belts into cars significantly decreased the injury risk of passengers in frontal impacts. In this paper, a new seat belt model was developed and implemented into the ATB. For this purpose, a subroutine of the new seat belt was constructed. A force-deflection function was added to replace an existing function to consider energy absorption. The function includes hysteresis effects of the experiment data of the loading and unloading parts of the seat belt load-extension curve. Moreover, this belt model considers a slip between ellipsoid and belt segments. This paper attempted to validate the ATB program which includes the subroutine of new belt models comparing with the real car frontal crash experiments and MADYMO frontal models. The analysis focusses on the human movement and body accelerations.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.314-314
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• 2000

This study deals with the analysis of the effectiveness of a safer belt in frontal crash. ATB, Articulated Total Body, program is used as a dynamics solver of the occupant model. ATB is a public code, however, the program is somewhat cumbersome to use due to lack of sufficient user interface. A preprocessor and a postprocessor are, therefore, developed for a user friendly graphic interface in Windows environment. Dialog boxes are used for an interface with GEBOD, Generator of Body Data, for human anthropometry and with ADAMS for vehicle dynamics. It is found through three test simulations that simulated results are in good agreement with those obtained by ATB. The effect of the initial slack of safety belt is investigated for frontal crash using the developed program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1990.04a
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• pp.140-150
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• 1990

Further developments on a dynamic biomechanical model are presented to assess musculoskeletal stresses and human responses. The model being developed is an extension of the Articulated Total Body (ATB) Model, originally developed by Calsapan Corp. for the study of human dynamics during automobile crashes, later adopted to the U.S.Air Force to simulate the reactions of aircrew personnel to such forces typically encountered in various phases of flight operations. Further refinements were introduced by Freivalds and Kaleps(1984) to account for a human neuromusculature. In this study, modelling of active neuromusculature was described and simulations of whole-body human motion were performed using the ATB Model. It indicated the potential of using a muscularized biomechanical model coupled with CAD capabilities to simulate human responses in a variety of industrial settings as well. This will serve as a basis of incorporating computer aided design methods into a muscularized biomechanical models.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.182-191
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• 2004

This study is focused on the development of a child human model, which is composed of skin, skeleton, joints and muscle, etc. The dimension of child outer skin is referred to anthropometric data from KRISS (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science). The positions of joint and mass properties of body segments are calculated from ATB(Articulated Total Body) program, GEBOD. The properties of bones and muscles are obtained by the way of scaling from adult human model. To verify the developed human model, ROM simulation and sled test is conducted. Developed human model can be effectively applied to the evaluation of human injury in crash situation and development of child restraint system. The explicit finite element program $PAM-CRASH^TM$ was used to simulate six-year old child human model.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1996

Current fighter pilots, flying new generation aircrafts with high performance, are under severe stress during aerial combat maneuvering when they are exposed to high sustained +Gz(Head-to-foot) acceleration stress. Two major factor limiting performance during high sustaied +Gz acceleration stress are loss of vision-greyout or blackout, and loss of consciousness (LOC). These symptoms are believed to occur as a result of insuff- icient blood flow to the retina and the brain. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high sustained +Gz stress under different seat back angle. The results. obtained by the biodvanmic computer simulations using the ATB(articulated total body) model, are represented with respect to three variables, such as HIC(head injury criterion) value, average G, and maximum G. The results demonstrate that the seat back angle(over $30^{\circ}C$) had a significant effect to decrease +Gz stress on the head segment and had no significant effect on HIC.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic situation of the biomechanical responses of a pilot that occur before the black out during high gravity maneuvering. The computer biodynamic simulations using the Articulated Total Body(ATB) model show the following results : 1) the center of gravity(c. g) offsets of a helmet have significant effects on the head deflection angle which is closely connected with the head down : 2) the average and maximum gravity forces are smaller in the curvilinear type of an acceleration than in the straight type of the acceleration, and it is applied to the case of the head deflection angle. We suggest that the new concept of protective device should be necessary to prevent the head down during high gravity maneuvering.