• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.225-229
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• 2012

Background: Males have a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females in general, but the reasons for the sex disparity are still obscure. DNA copy number alteration (CNA) is a major feature of solid tumors including HCC, but whether CNA plays a role in sex-related differences in HCC development has never been evaluated. Methods: High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 17 female and 46 male HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shanghai, China. Two-tailed Fisher's exact or ${\chi}^2$ tests was used to compare CNAs between females and males. Results: The overall frequencies and patterns of CNAs in female and male cases were similar. However, female HCC tumors presented more copy number gains compared to those in males on 1q21.3-q22 (76.5% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.009), 11q11 (35.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0002) and 19q13.31-q13.32 (23.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.004), and loss on 16p11.2 (35.3% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.009). Relative to females, male cases had greater copy number loss on 11q11 (63.0% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.002). Further analyses showed that 11q11 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.042), 11q11 loss (P = 0.011) and 16p11.2 loss (P = 0.033), while 1q21.3-q22 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.046). Conclusions: These findings suggest that CNAs may play a role in sex-related differences in HBVassociated HCC development.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.352-362
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Accurate impression is essential to success of implant prostheses. But there have been few studies about the accuracy of fixture-level impression techniques in internal connection implant systems. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of two fixture-level impression techniques in two conditions (parallel and divergent) and to assess the effect of tightening sequences and forces on stresses generated on superstructures in internal connection implant system (Astra Tech). Material and methods. Two metal master frameworks made from two abutments (Cast-to Abutment ST) each and a corresponding, passively fitting, dental stone master cast with four fixture replicas (Fixture Replica ST) were fabricated. Ten dental stone casts for each impression techniques (direct unsplinted & splinted technique) were made with vinyl polysiloxane impressions from the master cast. Strain gauges for each framework were fixed midway between abutments to measure the degree of framework deformation on each stone cast. Pairs of strain gauges placed opposite each other constituted one channel (half Wheatstone bridge) to read deformation in four directions (superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior). Deformation data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test at the .01 level of significance. And the effect of tightening sequences (right-to-left and left-to-right) and forces (10 Ncm and 20 Ncm) were assessed with ten stone casts made from parallel condition by the splinted technique. Deformation data were analyzed using paired t-test at the .01 level of significance. Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions could be drawn. 1. Frameworks bent toward the inferior side on all casts made by both direct unsplinted and splinted impression techniques in both parallel and divergent conditions. 2. There was no statistically significant difference of accuracy between the direct unsplinted and splinted impression techniques in both parallel and divergent conditions (P>.01). 3. There was no statistically significant difference of stress according to screw tightening sequences in casts made by the splinted impression technique in parallel condition (P>.01). 4. Greater tightening force resulted in greater stress in casts made by the splinted impression technique in parallel condition (P<.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 1994

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between body fat percent/serum lipid level and obesity index among school children. The study subjects were 277 boys and 266 girls aged between 10 and 11 years old in a selected elementary school in Taegu City. The survey was conducted for the period of two months from May 1 to June 30, 1993. A $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$index(weight/height3) was calculated for each individual as a measure of obesity. Three groups were classified as underweight($R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index < 109), normal($109{\leq}$ $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index < 140), and overweight ($R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index ${\geq}140$). As for the body fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass were measured by impedance fat, meter(Model SIF-891). Serum total cholesterol. high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer(Astra system). Obesity was found 18.1% in boys and 14.7% in girls. Body weight, fat percent, fat weight, and lean body mass were significantly different among three groups classified by $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index in both sexes. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, atherogenic index and T-CHO/HDL ratio were also significantly different among three groups in both sexes. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, trigylceride, atherogenic index of boys were positively correlated with height, weight. $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat weight, lean body mass, and triglyceride. The negative correlation was found in high-density lipoprotein against height, weight, Rohrer index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. Triglyceride and atherogenic index of the girls were positively correlated with height, weight, $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. The negative correlation was found in high-density lipoprotein against height, weight, $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. These findings suggest that the prevention of obesity and hyperlipidemia among school children is very important. Thus adoption of healthy life-style is strongly recommended in school health programs in order to prevent the obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2006

Statement of problem : Accurate impression is essential to success of implant prostheses. But there have been few studies about the accuracy of fixture-level impression technique in internal connection implant system. Purpose: This study evaluated the accuracy of splinted fixture-level impression technique using clinical methods and the effect of internal hex on fit of superstructure in internal connection implant system (Astra Tech). Material and method : Two metal master frameworks made from two abutments (Cast-to Abutment ST) each for parallel and divergent conditions and a corresponding. passively fitting, dental stone master cast with four future replicas (Fixture Replica ST) were fabricated. Ten dental stone casts were made with vinyl polysiloxane impressions from the master cast by acrylic resin splinted fixture-level impression technique. To evaluate the accuracy of impression technique, the fit of master frameworks for test models was evaluated using screw resistance test (SRT) and one-screw test. The results of SRT were recorded as SRT values from grade 1 to grade 5 by 1/4 turn. And to evaluate the effect of hex on fit of superstructure, the same tests were performed after removing hexes of master frameworks. Results: 1. There was only one case (2.5%) showing SRT value of test model below ade 2 in total before and after removing hexes of master frameworks. And, by removing hexes. SRT values decreased in only one test model (5%) and did not change in 17 test models (85%). 2. SRT values of the 1$^{st}$ screws were grade 2 in 80% of cases before, and grade 1 in 80% of cases after removing hexes. And, by removing hexes, SRT values decreased in 72.5% of cases. 3. SRT values of the 2$^{nd}$ screws were grade 3 in 85% of cases before, and grade 3 in 95% of cases after removing hexes. And, by removing hexes, SRT values did not change in 85% of cases. 4. There were only 2 cases regarded as acceptable fit by one-screw test, and SRT values of 2$^{nd}$ screws of both cases were grade 2. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, future-level impression of internal connection implant system is considered to obtain inaccurate working cast, even using acrylic resin splinted impression technique. And, it is considered to be unable improve the fit to remove the hexes of implant restoration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.653-664
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The screw detorque value is a measure of the preload remaining in the screw just before detorquing. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of different screw tightening sequences and tightening methods on detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure. Material and method: An implant superstructure that connected directly to four implants (Astra Tech) was fabricated on a fully edentulous mandibular acrylic resin model. Six well-fitting dental stone casts were made with a pickup impression of the superstructure from the acrylic resin model. To evaluate the effect of three screw tightening sequences (1-2-3-4, 2-4-3-1, and 2-3-1-4) and two tightening methods (2-step and 1-step) on the stability of screw joint, the detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure were measured twice after screw tightening using 20 Ncm. Detorque values were analyzed using multi-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis of variance at a .05 level of significance. Results: 1. The mean detorque values for three screw tightening sequences were 12.3 Ncm, 12.6 Ncm, and 12.0 Ncm, respectively. 2. The mean detorque values for two screw tightening methods were 12.0 Ncm, and 12.2 Ncm, respectively. 3. The mean of mimimum detorque values for three screw tightening sequences and for two tightening methods were 10.6 Ncm, 11.1 Ncm, 10.5 Ncm, and 9.8 Ncm, respectively. 4. No statistically significant differences among the variables of screw tightening sequence and tightening method were found (p>.05) for detorque values and for mimimum detorque values. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the screw tightening sequence and tightening method did not have a significant effect on the detorque values for a well-fitting implant superstructure.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 2017

Purpose: To identify baseline prognostic factors for survival in patients with disease progression, during or after chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. Materials and Methods: We pooled data from patients randomized between 2009 and 2012 in 2 phase III, global double-blind studies of ramucirumab for the treatment of advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma following disease progression on first-line platinum- and/or fluoropyrimidine-containing therapy (REGARD and RAINBOW). Forty-one key baseline clinical and laboratory factors common in both studies were examined. Model building started with covariate screening using univariate Cox models (significance level=0.05). A stepwise multivariable Cox model identified the final prognostic factors (entry+exit significance level=0.01). Cox models were stratified by treatment and geographic region. The process was repeated to identify baseline prognostic quality of life (QoL) parameters. Results: Of 1,020 randomized patients, 953 (93%) patients without any missing covariates were included in the analysis. We identified 12 independent prognostic factors of poor survival: 1) peritoneal metastases; 2) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 1; 3) the presence of a primary tumor; 4) time to progression since prior therapy <6 months; 5) poor/unknown tumor differentiation; abnormally low blood levels of 6) albumin, 7) sodium, and/or 8) lymphocytes; and abnormally high blood levels of 9) neutrophils, 10) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 11) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and/or 12) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Factors were used to devise a 4-tier prognostic index (median overall survival [OS] by risk [months]: high=3.4, moderate=6.4, medium=9.9, and low=14.5; Harrell's C-index=0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.68). Addition of QoL to the model identified patient-reported appetite loss as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: The identified prognostic factors and the reported prognostic index may help clinical decision-making, patient stratification, and planning of future clinical studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.113-128
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• 2021

In this study, we aimed to understand the public opinion on COVID-19 vaccine. To achieve the goal, we analyzed COVID-19 vaccine-related Twitter posts. 45,413 tweets posted from March 16, 2020 to March 15, 2021 including COVID-19 vaccine names as keywords were collected. The 12 vaccine names used for data collection included 'Pfizer', 'AstraZeneca', 'Modena', 'Jansen', 'NovaVax', 'Sinopharm', 'SinoVac', 'Sputnik V', 'Bharat', 'KhanSino', 'Chumakov', and 'VECTOR' in the order of the number of collected posts. The collected posts were analyzed manually and automatedly through keyword analysis, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling to understand the opinions for the investigated vaccines. According to the results, there were generally more negative posts about vaccines than positive posts. Anxiety about the aftereffects of vaccination and distrust in the efficacy of vaccines were identified as major negative factors for vaccines. On the contrary, the anticipation for the suppression of the spread of coronavirus following vaccination was identified as a positive social factor for vaccines. Different from previous studies that investigated opinions about COVID-19 vaccines through mass media data such as news articles, this study explores opinions of social media users using keyword analysis, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling. In addition, the results of this study can be used by governmental institutions for making policies to promote vaccination reflecting the social atmosphere.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2004

Background : The role of second-line chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known to be limited. Recently, ZD1839, the small molecule epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been developed and has shown anti-tumor activity in patients with solid malignant tumors including lung cancer. We evaluated the response rate and toxicities of ZD1839 in patients with advanced NSCLC which has progressed after previous chemotherapy. Patients and Methods : We examined 83 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ZD1839 for more than 1 month in Korea Cancer Center Hospital during the period from January 2002 to September 2003. All the patients were enrolled in the international expanded access program (EAP) with ZD1839 by AstraZeneca. The administered dose of ZD1839 was 250 mg once daily. Chest radiography and laboratory tests were followed-up. We evaluated the response rate, median survival, and toxicity after treatment. Results : Median age of the patients was 59 years (range 33-76). The most predominant cell type was adenocarcinoma and the most stage of the patients was IV. ECOG performance status was as follows; grade 0-1 in 10, grade 2 in 42, and grade 3 in 31 patients. Partial response was achieved in 12 patients (14.5%). Median overall survival was 9.2 (range 1.3-21.6+) months and median time to progression was 3.1 (range 1-21.2+) months. The most common adverse effect of ZD1839 was skin eruption which developed in 25 patients (25.8%). Significantly higher response rate and survival was found in patients with adenocarcinoma or good performance status. Conclusion : ZD1839 showed modest activity and tolerable toxicity in the treatment for patients with NSCLC which has progressed after previous chemotherapy.