• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2022

Large-scale and accurate observations at fine spatial resolution through a means of remote sensing offer an effective tool for capturing rainfall variability over the traditional rain gauges and weather radars. Although satellite rainfall products (SRPs) derived using two major estimation approaches were evaluated worldwide, their practical applications suffered from limitations. In particular, the traditional top-down SRPs (e.g., IMERG), which are based on direct estimation of rain rate from microwave satellite observations, are mainly restricted with their coarse spatial resolution, while applications of the bottom-up approach, which allows backward estimation of rainfall from soil moisture signals, to novel high spatial resolution soil moisture satellite sensors over South Korea are not introduced. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the performances of a state-of-the-art bottom-up SRP (the self-calibrated SM2RAIN model) applied to the C-band SAR Sentinel-1, a statistically downscaled version of the conventional top-down IMERG SRP, and their integration for a targeted high spatial resolution of 0.01° (~ 1-km) over central South Korea, where the differences in climate zones (coastal region vs. mainland region) and vegetation covers (croplands vs. mixed forests) are highlighted. The results indicated that each single SRP can provide plus points in distinct climatic and vegetated conditions, while their drawbacks have existed. Superior performance was obtained by merging these individual SRPs, providing preliminary results on a complementary high spatial resolution SRP over central South Korea. This study results shed light on the further development of integration framework and a complementary high spatial resolution rainfall product from multi-satellite sensors as well as multi-observing systems (integrated gauge-radar-satellite) extending for entire South Korea, toward the demands for urban hydrology and microscale agriculture.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.83-105
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• 2009

Modern poetry begins as criticism of modernity and, by so doing, rejects its idea of time. Modernity emphasizes sequential, linear, and irreversible time and progress. Williams rejects the modern view of time, and attempts to substitute literature for history assuming that literature can take us into the immediacy of time. His poetry asserts the true moment of experience as an immediacy, of words co-existent with things. He suggests that modernity and its idea of time already led to World War I and could clearly lead to an actual, manmade apocalypse with continued technological progress. Already in the 1920s, Williams sensed that he was living in a world where such an end could come all true, which is why Spring and All, his greatest early achievement, begins with a parody of the modern apocalypse. Throughout the work, Williams criticizes "crude symbolism" and expresses his longing to annihilate "strained associations," for he believes that the metaphoric or symbolic association is related to order, the center, and the traditional concept of time itself. The metonymic model of Spring and All substitutes a self-reflexive, open-ended, and indeterminate structure of time for the linear and closed one. Instead of supplying an end, Williams only asserts the rebirth of time and attempts to arrive at immediacy while attacking the mediacy of traditional art. His characteristic use of fragmentation and abrupt juxtapositions disrupts the reader's generic, conceptual, syntactic, and grammatical expectations. His radical poetic experiments, such as the isolation of words and the disruption of syntax, produce a sense of immediacy and force the reader to confront the presence of the poem. His destruction of traditional forms, of the tyrannous designs of history and time, opens up rather than closes the possibility of signification, and takes us into a moment of beginning while disallowing temporal distancing. Spring and All, as a criticism of the modern idea of time, asks us to view Williams's work not as an ahistorical text but as a cultural subversion of modernity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.2_2
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• pp.377-388
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to prepare basic data to help college students adapt to college life by grasping the effects of mentoring skills, self-concept, career decision-making self-efficacy, and major satisfaction on college life adaptation. To achieve the purpose of the study, data were collected from January 17 to January 27, 2024, targeting college students from one university in C city located in G-do. The survey was conducted online. As a result of the study, the mentoring function of the subjects averaged 4.11 points (out of 5 points), the self-concept was 4.29 points (out of 5 points), the career decision-making self-efficacy was 4.04 points (out of 5 points), the major satisfaction was 4.45 points (out of 5 points), and the college life adaptation was 3.91 points (out of 5 points). The factor that most influenced the subject's adaptation to college life was career decision-making self-efficacy, followed by self-concept, mentoring function, and major-art field. The explanatory power of the model was 70.2%. Specifically, the higher the career decision-making self-efficacy, the higher the self-concept, and the higher the mentoring function, the higher the adaptation to college life. Educational intervention programs (non-curricular programs) are needed to adapt to college life for college students, and subsequent studies need to examine the effects of the developed programs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2024

This study aims to identify the competencies required for webtoon artists to survive in the future era of AI commercialization. It explores the current and future use of AI in webtoons, and predicts the role of artists in the future webtoon industry. The study finds that AI will replace human workers in some areas, but human empathy-related fields can be sustained. Artist roles like story projectors, Visual directors, and AI editors were identified as potential models for the changing role of artists. To address terminology ambiguity, a three-step AI categorization mechanical type AI, humanoid type AI, and transcendent type AI was proposed for a more realistic separation of AI capabilities. The researcher suggested these findings as guidelines for developing skills in emerging artists or re-skilling existing ones, emphasizing collaboration with AI for mutual growth rather than a negative acceptance of new technology.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.6-19
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• 2024

The Korean Archaeological Dictionary, which represents Korean archaeological knowledge information, contains refined and high-quality information written by expert collective intelligence. This is a characteristic that clearly distinguishes it from overseas archaeological data archives, and can be called differentiated infrastructure data. However, it has not played a role as an information service or knowledge information platform reflecting the latest digital technology. As a way to maximize these strengths and compensate for weaknesses, it was proposed to develop and operate a GIS-based knowledge and information platform for Korean archaeology. To realize this, it is necessary to develop a title management system centered on repositories and metadata that can collect and store various information, link open linked data design and related systems, develop a search function that can analyze and visualize data in response to the big data era, and establish a WebGIS-based information service system. This will be a platform to continuously manage, supplement, and update Korean archaeological knowledge information, build a ubiquitous environment where anyone can use information anytime, anywhere, and create various types of business models.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-69
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• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.757-772
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to measure the clustering change and analyze empirical results, and choose the clustering ports for Busan, Incheon, and Gwangyang ports by using Artificial Neural Network, Social Network, and Tabu Search models on 38 Asian container ports over the period 2007-2016. The models consider number of cranes, depth, birth length, and total area as inputs and container throughput as output. Followings are the main empirical results. First, the variables ranking order which affects the clustering according to artificial neural network are TEU, birth length, depth, total area, and number of cranes. Second, social network analysis shows the same clustering in the benevolent and aggressive models. Third, the efficiency of domestic ports are worsened after clustering using social network analysis and tabu search models. Forth, social network and tabu search models can increase the efficiency by 37% compared to that of the general CCR model. Fifth, according to the social network analysis and tabu search models, 3 Korean ports could be clustered with Asian ports like Busan Port(Kobe, Osaka, Port Klang, Tanjung Pelepas, and Manila), Incheon Port(Shahid Rajaee, and Gwangyang), and Gwangyang Port(Aqaba, Port Sulatan Qaboos, Dammam, Khor Fakkan, and Incheon). Korean seaport authority should introduce port improvement plans by using the methods used in this paper.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.7-32
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• 2012

This study aimed to evaluate the relative status using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) on the spiritual factors of the security martial arts for the guards to perform the best security service. There were 540 participants who were students majored in security martial arts, workers for security and specialists of practical and theoretical security martial arts for this study. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out using the selecting data through literature reviews in the level of the factor-extraction about the spiritual characteristics. The specialists' survey was conducted on the relative status among factors using the spiritual concept structure based on the studied above. Selected data was calculated with SPSS 18.0 for windows, AMOS 5.0, and Expert Choice 2000 software. The conclusion can be made through those process above. First, 4 general factors and 20 detailed factors were found as the result of the factor exploration related to the spiritual characteristics of the security martial arts. The result which was verified on Construction validity of searched factors had stable figures on every standard. In other words, the participants for survey on this study "Spiritual characteristic concepts of the security martial arts" can be evaluated it is valid. The general factors of security martial arts' spirit were conceptualized with Psychological spirit, ethical spirit, martial art spirit, practical spirit through the naming process on the general factors of the security martial arts' spiritual characteristic concepts. The detailed factors of security martial arts' spirit were concentration, self-confidence, self-management, immersion, self-esteem in psychological spirit and sacrifice, justice, royalty, peace, sense of duty in ethical spirit and courtesy, toughness, defense, balance of mind and body, bravery in martial arts and responsibility, cooperation, modesty, determination, professionalism in practical spirit of security martial arts. That is, the conceptualization of security martial arts' spirit was verified that it had validity. Second, the hierarchical model of the security martial arts was composed with 4 superordinate concepts and 20 subordinate concepts. As the result of evaluating relative status based on Spiritual characteristics-hierarchy model, the impotance was proven in order of ethical spirit(.482), martial art spirit(.248), practical spirit(.188), psychological spirit(.083). Also the importance related to spiritual characteristics of security martial arts on subordinate concepts was proven in order of sacrifice(.252), courtesy(.110), sense of duty(.108), responsibility(. 073), royalty(.053), toughness(.052), justice(.049), defense(.038), professionalism(.038), determination(.035), cooperation(.029), self-confidence (.026), bravery(.025), self-esteem(.024), balance of mind and body(.023), peace(.019), concentration(.014), modesty(.013), self-management(.011), flow (.007). To sum up, the spiritual factor related to ethics such as sacrifice, justice, royalty, peace, sense of duty was the most important for the security martial arts.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2021

Duchamp chose readymades mainly for his denial of retinal painting and his desire and fluid thinking for changes inside him. His thinking is well presented in his readymade works. One of his early readymades, Bicycle Wheel, expresses correlations between beings and capital. Its essence is capital and the desire of beings. It is connected to Desire or Desire-Machine proposed as a social reform and creation model by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. Bicycle Wheel does not simply end in desire relations between capital and beings, though. When the desire of beings is converted into positive desire, it can keep inventing and creating something that is repetitive, fluid, and new. Duchamp tried to convey this positive desire through his readymade Fountain. Duchamp created a ready-made article toilet into a work of art in Fountain, being driven by desire flowing inside him. This is connected to the attributes of nomads that refused to settle down and continue to flow in search of new landscapes. This way of his thinking is clearly reflected in his Box in a Valise. He was motivated to create this work by his fluid thinking. In this work, various situations can unfold often according to the directions of two elements, place and arrangement. Here, place guarantees fluidity, and arrangement variability or desire. According to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, fluidity represents nomads with the characteristics of flow and variation, and desire represents productivity or production or creation. Box in a Valise represents nomads themselves. The nomads defined by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari keep flowing and create a new world. They are in line with the thinking of Duchamp that refused to settle down at one place and escape from the old order to create a new artistic world. This type of nomads can be called revolutionists or creators that acknowledge differences and create. Nomads also contain the concept of resistance to the old order. Deleuze and Guattari proposed a war machine as a model of this resistance. Duchamp and his readymades can thus be called war machines.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.25
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• pp.103-118
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• 2016

Due to the rapid development of ICT, corporate business models quickly changed and because of the radical growth of IT technology, sequential or gradual survival has become difficult. Internet-based new businesses such as IT service companies are seeking for new convergence business models that have not existed before to create business models that are more competitive, but the economic efficiency of business models that were successful in the past is wearing off. Yet, as reaching the critical point where the platform value becomes extremely high for platforms via the Internet is happening at a much higher speed than before, platform-ization has become a very important condition for rapid business expansion for all kinds of businesses. This study analyzes the necessity of establishing platform business models in IT service planning and identifies their characteristics through case analyses of platform business models. The results derived features First, there is a need to ensure sufficient buyers and sellers, and second, platform business model should provide customers with distinctive value of the only platforms are generating. third, the common interests between platform-driven company and a partner, participants Should be existing. Fourthly, by expanding base of participants and upgrades, expansion of adjacent areas we must have a continuous scalability and evolution must be sustainable. While it is expected that the identified characteristics will cause tremendous impacts to the establishment of platform business models and to the graphing of service planning, we also look forward to this study serving as the starting point for the establishment of theories of profit models for platform businesses, which were not mentioned in the study, so that planners responsible for platform-based IT service planning will spend less time and draw bigger schemes in building planning drafts.