• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of vertical fragmentation of regional industries in Korea using Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA) and Average Propagation Length (APL). First of all, the competitiveness in regional export and substitution of regional imports were strong in the Electricity, Gas, and Water supply sector in Gyeongnam, and consumer-oriented Manufacturing sector in Incheon, Gyeongnam, and Gwangju. The high values of the APL were also found in the regions with common similarity with respect to the industrial structure and the sectors with indirect effects. In addition, the industrial sectors with high quality of infrastructure, and endowed services tended to be located in the beginning of the production chain. FInally, since manufacturing and service sectors in Seoul has higher APL, they could lead the growth of other related industries as key sectors, in the production fragmentation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.295-304
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• 2021

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a hematopoietic malignancy driven by promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor A (PML-RARA) fusion gene. The therapeutic drugs currently used to treat APL have adverse effects. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is an anticancer medicine with high effectiveness and low toxicity. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of GRh2-induced PML-RARA degradation and apoptosis in human APL cell line (NB4 cells) remain unclear. Methods: Apoptosis-related indicators and PML-RARA expression were determined to investigate the effect of GRh2 on NB4 cells. Z-VAD-FMK, LY294002, and C 87, as inhibitors of caspase, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) pathways were used to clarify the relationship between GRh2-induced apoptosis and PML-RARA degradation. Results: GRh2 dose- and time-dependently decreased NB4 cell viability. GRh2-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and caspase3, caspase8, and caspase9 activation in NB4 cells after a 12-hour treatment. GRh2-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells was accompanied by massive production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage and upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 expression. GRh2 also induced PML/PML-RARA degradation, PML nuclear bodies formation, and activation of the downstream p53 pathway in NB4 cells. Z-VAD-FMK inhibited caspase activation and significantly reversed GRh2-induced apoptosis and PML-RARA degradation. GRh2 also upregulated TNF-α expression and inhibited Akt phosphorylation. LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K pathway, enhanced the antitumor effects of GRh2, and C 87, an inhibitor of the TNF-α pathway, reversed NB4 cell viability, and GRh2-mediated apoptosis in a caspase-8-dependent manner. Conclusion: GRh2 induced caspase-dependent PML-RARA degradation and apoptosis in NB4 cells via the Akt/Bax/caspase9 and TNF-α/caspase8 pathways.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1988

A spectrum analysis method is presented with an example as an aid to Box and Jerkins' model identification procedure, where the theoretical spectrum of ARMA model and its confidence intervals derived by chi-square distribution are compared. An APL (A Programming Language) program for the method is developed for the 16-bit personal computer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.352-356
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• 2002

In this paper, an automated design system of suspension and steering parts is developed. The system automates the processes of 3-D modeling and 2-D drafting of the parts. In addition, the BOM and dimension data of the designed part is also automatically transferred to the database of ERP system. The system is developed by using the functions of parametric design and API(application Programming Interface) of the a commercial solid modeler.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-90
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• 1987

This thesis describes the curve fitting algorithm that the Portable Wear Metal Analyzer used for calculating concentrations in ppm and compares this with some alternative algorithms. Each algorithm considered fits a curve to the three standards used, which were $20\%,\;50\%,\;and\;100\%$ of the full scale for all nine wear metals. APL was used for all programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.45
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• pp.93-100
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• 1998

The researches of Linear Programming are Khachiyan Method, which uses Ellipsoid Method, and Karmarkar, Affine, Path-Following and Interior Point Method which have Polynomial-Time complexity. In this study, Karmarkar Method is more quickly solved as 50 times then Simplex Method for optimal solution. but some special problem is not solved by Karmarkar Method. As a result, the algorithm by APL Language is proved time efficiency and optimal solution in the Primal-Dual interior point algorithm. Furthermore Karmarkar Method and Primal-Dual interior point Method is compared in some examples.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.171-180
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• 2002

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop and activate the methods of using the arsenic compounds as the anti-cancer medicine. Methods: We investigated some literatures on the using methods, the effects for anti-cancer, and the toxicity of the arsenic compounds. Results: The results are summarized as follows. 1. As is the one of the nitrogen familIy(5A familly). 2. The Arsenic compounds which have been used as the one of the oriental medicine are the Arsenicum Sulbimatum($As_2O_3$) and the Realgar(AsS). 3. As+ 3 is more toxic than the other arsenic compounds. The fatal amount is 100-300 mg. So, it is used 1-5 mg/day as a medicine. 4. The Arsenicwn Sulbimatum($As_2O_3$) and the Realgar(AsS) are used after the heat treatment or the boiling with the acetic acid. 5. The gastrointestinal tract, vessel, and respiration are affected by the acute toxicity of the arsenic compounds. 6. The arsenic compounds are good for the dermatosis and the malignant cancer, especially the acute promyelocytic leukcrnia(APL). we should study the reason of these and the different effect in concentration, also develop new methods of using the the arsenic compounds as getting rid of their toxicity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the practical usefulness of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PACE) fingerprinting of whole cell proteins far the identification of lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi. SDS- PACE of whole cell proteins of the reference strains and lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi yielded differential banding patterns that were highly specific fingerprints, thus making it possible to identify. Identification of the isolates from Kimchi was achieved by comparing the SDS-PAGE fingerprints of isolates to those of reference strains. In addition, the reliability of SDS-PAGE was examined by comparing the results with those of the APL 50 CHL system assay and 16S rRNA gene sequence. SDS-PACE assay showed a different identity to reference strains, while the APL 50 CHL system and 16S rRNA gene sequence could not distinguish a few strains. Therefore, SDS-PAGE of the whole cell proteins is a specific and a reliable method that will be useful for the identification of lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi to the species level, and can be used as an alternative or complementary identification method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.241-246
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• 2014

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a cancer of the blood. Although electron beam (EB) irradiation is used with other anti-cancer agents, EB irradiation can be harmful to normal tissues around the cancer. In the present study, we evaluate the differential cytotoxic effect of EB irradiation with other molecules, including TNF-${\alpha}$, on DMSO-treated HL-60 cells and HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells are the human promyleocytic leukemia cell line and are differentiated by DMSO. DMSO-treated HL-60 cells are considered to be normal granulocytic cells. In these results, TNF-${\alpha}$ may be used as the potential agent for the treatment of blood cancer without side effects in low dose of EB irradiation therapy.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.444-454
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• 2015

Measurements of bottom backscattering strengths in a frequency range of 6-14 kHz were made on the shallow water off the southern Gyeonggi Bay in Yellow Sea in May 2013, as part of the KIOST-HYU joint acoustics experiment. Geological surveys for the experimental area were performed using multi-beam echo sounder, sparker system, and grab sampling to investigate the bottom topography, sub-bottom profile and composition of surficial sediment, respectively. In this paper, the backscattering strengths as a function of grazing angle (in range of $28^{\circ}{\sim}69^{\circ}$) were estimated and compared to the predictions obtained by Lambert's law and APL-UW scattering model. Finally, the effects of geoacoustic parameters corresponding to the experimental area on the backscattering strengths are discussed.