• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2001

Objective : Atypical and malignant meningiomas(AM, MM) are known to be rare and show aggressive behavior. Limited data are available concerning the clinical features, effectiveness of surgical removal and role of radiation therapy with AM, MM. The authors report our experience of AM, MM, with respect to clinical features. Methods : Twenty-four cases of AM and 28 cases of MM, who were operated between 1988 and 1999 were retro-spectively studied review of medical records and radiological findings. These were compared with control group of 24 cases of menigiomas manifestating usual clinical course, which are selected arbitrarily among operative cases between Apr. 1999 and Dec. 1999. Mean follow-up periods were 26(1-91) months for AM and 23(1-62) for MM. Authors analyzed the prognostic factors for survival, and statistical analysis were accomplished by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results : Differences of clinical features between control groups and these atypical and malignant meningioma group were not significant. However, the location of MM was frequent in non-basal area(p<0.01). In AM, there were 4 patients of recurrence, and 3 patients of mortality. Among mortality cases, only one patient died of tumor progression, the other patients died of other causes. The survival at 2 year and 5 year in this group were 88% and 74% respectively, and in MM, 11 patients died due to tumor progression and 2 had spinal metastasis. The survival at 2 year and 5 year were 72% and 20%, respectively. For extent of resection, total removal(Simpson grade 1 or 2) was less often achieved in MM compared with AM(50% vs. 83%). Extent of resection of tumor and postoperative radiation therapy did not affect survival in both AM, MM. Conclusions : Clinical behavior of AM showed more benign than that of MM. Prognostic factor for survival is not related extent of resection of tumor and postoperative radiation therapy. However, further investigation with long-term follow-up and additional cases is mandatory.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.47-71
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• 2009

2007년 4월부터 2007년 10월까지 가평군 북부지역의 자원식물분포조사를 수행하였다. 본 조사를 통해 확인된 조사지역 내의 소산 관속식물은 94과 286속 412종 4아종 52변종 12품종 등 총 480분류군으로 확인되었다. 조사 지역에서 분포하고 있는 480종류의 식물자원 유용도를 분석한 결과 식용자원식물이 177종류, 섬유용 자원식물이 6종류, 약용 자원식물이 124종류, 관상용 자원식물이 133종류, 초지 자원식물이 136종류, 공업원료자원이 2종류, 염료용 자원식물이 69종류, 목재용 자원식물이 10종류, 녹화식물이 24종류, 용도가 밝혀지지 않은 식물이 72종류로 구분되었다. 이 중 식용자원, 약용자원, 초지자원, 관상용자원이 비교적 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 전체식물의 82.3%를 차지하였다. 특기할만한 식물로는 한국 특산 관속식물 14분류군, 환경부 지정 특정식물종 85분류군, 산림청지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 12분류군이 각각 조사되었고, 귀화식물은 22분류군으로서 약 4.6%를 차지하였고, 도시화지수는 8.2%로 조사되었다. 조사지역의 식생은 비교적 양호한 편이었으나, 현재 가평군에 위치한 여러 산들이 등산객을 위한 탐방로 개발 및 확장과 임도의 발달로 인해 귀화율은 점차 증가할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.126-136
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• 1997

To procide basic data for improvement of oriental medical care system, the questionnaire interview was carried out with community peoples, over 20 years old, selected randomly in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and Taejon err. from 10th Mar. to 20th Apr. 1996. The result were summarized as follows: 1. In the general characteristics of subjects, the highest portion of each part was 52.4% of male, 22.4% of thirties, 37.1% of college graduates, 19.1% of married, 30.6% of town dwellers, 63.3% of muddle social class, 26.6% of housewife, 19.3% of student, 16.6% officer and 11.6% of professional technician. 2. The portion of subjects agree to open oriental clinic in western medicine hospital was 60.0%, that of disagreement was 20.1%, Among 60.0% of agreement group, the high rate was showed in female, fifties, middle school graduates, unemployed, middle social level. 3. The rate of positive responses in system of a herb specialist was 64.7%, that of negative responses was 11.6%. Among positive responses, the groups of high rate were male. twenties, above college graduates, student, middle-high social level and city dwellers. 4. In the question whether a pack of herb medicine should be included in medical insurance or not, the rate of agreement was 74.3%, that of disagreement was 4.1%. Amount agreement subjects, the high rate was showed in male, young age, high educated, city dwellers, professional technician middle social class. 5. In the cost of oriental medical care, the portion was divided by 70.3% of expensiveness,25.6% of moderate, 4.1% of low price. among 70.3% of high price, the high rate was in female, forties, agrolivestock-fishery, and town dwellers. 6. In the question what the herb doctor should do for the improvement of oriental medicine, the highest rate was 54.2% in further study. The next was 23.0% in need of western medical and 9.1% in no complain in present situation. Among 54.2% of further study, the high rate was showed in male, forties, high school graduate, profession technician, high social level, christian, married and city dwellers. 7. About institution of oriental care, 86.8% of subjects answered to need of improvement, 8.0% of them replied no problem as present. Amount 86.8% of subjects, the high rate was showed in male, twenties, above college graduate, sales, singles, high social level and city dwellers. 8. About necessity of western medical care instrument in oriental medical hospital, the rate of sightly need was 47.5%, inevitably need was 37.7%, no need was 6.3%, the Positive subjects were showed high rate in male, officer, singer, the younger age, the higher educated, better social level and city dwellers. These results might be useful information for establishing of oriental medical care policies, which open oriental medical clinic in western medical hospital, equip western medical care instrument in oriental medical hospital, improve oriental medical care instrument carry out a herb specialist system, balance the resonable medical care cost and effort for further study & research on oriental medicine to satisfy increasing need of oriental medicine.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2015

본 연구는 2014년 4월부터 10월까지 충북지역 11개 시 군의 795지점에서 주요 밭작물 재배지의 잡초 발생 현황을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 충북지역의 밭잡초 조사결과, 42과 188종이 발생하였고, 생활사별로는 각각 일년생이 96종, 월년생이 40종, 다년생이 52종이 발생하였고 대부분 일년생 잡초였다. 과별로는 국화과가 36종, 벼과 19종, 마디풀과 13종, 십자화과 12종, 사초과, 콩과 각각 11종 순이었다. 동계작물 재배지의 우점잡초는 냉이(12.36%), 뚝새풀(11.05%), 벼룩나물(8.42%), 광대나물(4.82%), 쇠별꽃(4.60%)의 순이었고, 하계작물 재배지의 우점잡초는 쇠비름(8.58%), 바랭이(7.18%), 속속이풀(6.28%), 흰명아주(6.22%), 중대가리풀(4.95%)의 순으로 발생되었다. 충북지역의 우점잡초는 쇠비름(8.14%), 바랭이(6.72%), 피(6.55%), 속속이풀(6.00%), 흰명아주(5.89%), 중대가리풀(4.64%), 깨풀(4.10%), 개비름(3.84%), 한련초(2.52%), 냉이(2.15%)의 순이었다. 쇠비름, 바랭이, 피 등 상위 10종의 우점도는 전체 잡초종의 50% 이상을 차지하였다. 10년 단위로 작물 재배지의 잡초분포를 조사하여 잡초군락의 변화를 파악함으로써 기초자료를 활용하여 체계적인 밭잡초 관리방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.471-482
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 Landsat TM 자료와 GIS 기법을 이용하여 지표면 에너지 수지 요소를 공간적으로 추출하고, 추출된 에너지 수지 요소의 적용성을 검토하기 위해서 광역 증발산량을 추정하였다. 추정결과에 대한 정확도 및 열수지 요소가 증발산량에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서 민감도분석과 오차분석을 실시하였다. 연구 대상지역은 금강 상류의 보정천이며, 1995년도 1월 11일, 4월 1일, 5월 3일, 10월 10일 및 11월 27일에 획득된 5개의 Landsat TM자료를 이용하였다. 연구결과 지표면의 경사 방향과 토지피복 형태에 따라 증발산량의 변화가 크게 나타났으며, 경사 방향이 북동이나 남동방향일 경우 식생지수(NDVI; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) 값이 증가함으로써 지중열 전도량이 증가하게 되어 상대적으로 증발산랴이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 민감도 및 오차분석 결과, 순방사량이 12.5% 내지 23.6%의 민감도로서 지표면 온도와 대기온도 및 풍속 등도 다른 인자에 비해 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.349-359
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• 1990

This study was carried out to understand and analyze the cooking and processing methods presented in CHE MIN YO SUL, Chinese books of husbandary was written in sixth century. This book was composed of two parts-part I is Agricultural production and part II is product-Utilization. Especially, wines and yeast(NU RUK) written in part II were studied at this study paper. Most of yeast was made of barley and wheat. These materials had been prepared as raw, steamed, and roasted state by proper ratio with kinds of yeast and then fermented as dough state. Occasionally, various kinds of soup made from cocklebur, leaves of mulberry tree, wormwood etc. put into yeast dough. Yeast doughs were shaped round and square with or without hole in the center, made in July of the lunar calendar and fermented for 3 or 4 weeks. There were 43 kinds of wines in this book. Most of them were made of all kinds of cereals grown at that time-rice, waxy rice, millet, waxy millet etc. These cereals had been steaming or cooking gruel with grain or powder state and then fermented with yeast. These wines were prepared by single or double brewing methods and the kinds of double brewing wines were more than single brewing wines by two times. There were none of wines made from fruit and distilled wines. Generally, single brewing wines were not made in Apr., Nov., Dec., of the lunar calendar and double brewing wines were not made in Aug., Oct., Nov., of the lunar calendar. And ripenning periods of wine brewing were various, from 1 day to 7 months for single brewing, from 2 days to 8 months for double brewing.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1993

가을에 파종한 사초용유채(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera cv. Swiss)의 생육기간 동안의 질소대사와 관련하여 건물수량 및 조단백질의 축적정도를 규명하기 위해. 생육기간중 수량 및 조단백질 함량을 측정하고, 엽내 carbon, nitrogen 및 hydrogen 함량을 비교. 분석하였다. 월동기인 '91년 11월 7일부터 '92년 2월 4일 동안의 생초량 및 건물량의 축적은 매우 적었으며, 엽내 C함량은 건물 1g당 382mg에서 435mg으로 증가하였으나. 질소 및 조단백질 함량은 55mg에서 46mg 및 345mg에서 289mg으로 각각 감소하였다. 월동후 춘계 재생초기(2월 3일부터 3월 30일까지) 동안 생초수량의 점차적인 증가에 따라 엽내 C함량은 일당 37mg의 감소를 보였으나, 월동기 동안 감소 되었던 N함량은 다소 증가를 보였다. 영양생장기(3월 31일)부터 추태기인 4월 16일까지 일당 개체당 생초 및 건물축적량은 각각 5.2g 및 0.5g으로 전 생육기간중 가장 높았는데, 엽내의 C/N 의 정상적인 균형을 유지하며 직선적인 증가를 보였고, 조단백질 함량 역시 지속적인 축적이 있었다. 이 시기 이후 개화최성기('92년 5월 19일)까지 엽내 C, N, H 및 조단백질 함량은 공히 유의적인 감소를 보였는데, 특히 N과 조단백질 함량이 추태기에 비해 각각 45.7% 및 46%의 감소로 뚜렷하였다 이들 결과들은 월동기나 월동 후 초기재생 기간중 식물체내 C/N 균형의 현저한 변화를 가져오며, 춘계 영양생장기에서 추태기 동안(3월 31일부터 4월 16일까지)가장 원활한 물질대사에 따라 엽내의 건물 및 조단백질 축적이 왕성하다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 예취이용의 적기는 추태기이며 생육기간 중 추비적기는 춘계 영양생장기 이전으로 사료된다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2000

To compare the differences in the recognition on hospital utilization and satisfaction, 368 hospital employees and 485 patients were selected in four hospitals in Seoul and Kyung-gi do. The survey was done using a constructed form of checklist from Apr. 30 to May 10, 1999. And the results are as follows: l. Gaining knowledge of hospitals available among hospital employees differed from that of patients. When finding out about sources of information concerning hospitals, direct visit to the hospital was recognized to be the main factor for the hospital employees in contrast to the patients' recognition which were mass media, personal involvement of job related workplace and recommendations from other hospitals. There was no difference between university and general hospitals. 2. The factors that concern which hospital to choose there was a difference between hospital employees and patients. Hospital employees recommended their own hospital solely based on the reason that it was their work place. On the other hand, the patients made a choice based on the type of medical staff, transportation available and whether it was a university hospital or not. There was no difference between university and general hospitals. 3. The recognition of employees concerning hospital image of a hospital between hospital employees and patients was different. In university hospitals, the employees recognized the name value of university hospital and cooperation as most important, whereas the patients thought convenience, kindness were the main factors. Patients considered general hospitals to be more convenient. There was some difference between university and general hospitals. For university hospitals employees' recognition was higher and for the general hospital patients' recognition is higher on hospital image. 4. The recognition of employees was different from that of patients' on hospital satisfaction. The patients' satisfaction was higher than that of employees'. There was no difference between university and general hospitals. Based on the above findings, the employees' recognition on hospital utilization and satisfaction was different from that of the patients, but there was no difference between university and general hospitals. In both groups choice of hospital was associated with satisfaction. Results showing difference between employees' and patients' recognition can be applied to implement customer-oriented attitude and be used as a baseline data for internal-external marketing planning of hospital management. The study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size and not being able to reflect demographic variables and life style. Further studies to investigate the difference of hospital utilization and hospital satisfaction will be necessary to define demographic characteristics and recognition of employees which influences patients' hospital satisfaction.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

동해의 해양 심층수 자원 기반 환경 연구의 일부로 청결기술을 적용하여 해수 중의 용존 미량금속(Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) 농도 분포와 변화를 조사하였다. 강원과 경북 지역에 총 6개 정점을 선정하고, 각 지역마다 최대 채수 수심 각각 200-300m와 500m까지 시료를 채취하였다. 본 연구의 미량금속을 위한 연안해수 표준물질(CASS-4)의 분석 결과 각 원소 평균 회수율은 Co의 89.4%에서 Cd의 99.8%의 범위였다. 용존 미량원소의 분포는 해역 및 시기적인 변화가 다양하게 나타났다. Cd, Ni, Zn의 경우는 영양염 의존형으로 표층에서 낮고 저층으로 갈수록 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 그러나 Co, Cu, Pb은 수직적으로 불규칙적인 분포를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 동해 심층수 원수의 중금속 농도는 해역별 수질 기준과 먹는 물 기준을 만족하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.25-44
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• 2011

KAERI has been operating an integral effect test facility, ATLAS (Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation), for accident simulations of advanced PWRs. Regarding integral effect tests, a database for major design basis accidents has been accumulated and a Domestic Standard Problem (DSP) exercise using the ATLAS has been proposed and successfully performed. The ATLAS DSP aims at the effective utilization of an integral effect database obtained from the ATLAS, the establishment of a cooperative framework in the domestic nuclear industry, better understanding of thermal hydraulic phenomena, and an investigation of the potential limitations of the existing best-estimate safety analysis codes. For the first ATLAS DSP exercise (DSP-01), integral effect test data for a 100% DVI line break accident of the APR1400 was selected by considering its technical importance and by incorporating comments from participants. Twelve domestic organizations joined in this DSP-01 exercise. Finally, ten of these organizations submitted their calculation results. This ATLAS DSP-01 exercise progressed as an open calculation; the integral effect test data was delivered to the participants prior to the code calculations. The MARS-KS was favored by most participants but the RELAP5/MOD3.3 code was also used by a few participants. This paper presents all the information of the DSP-01 exercise as well as the comparison results between the calculations and the test data. Lessons learned from the first DSP-01 are presented and recommendations for code users as well as for developers are suggested.