• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권5호
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• pp.731-740
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• 2006

WIPI는 한국무선인터넷표준화 포럼에서 개발하였으며 한국정보통신기술협회가 채택한 무선인터넷 표준 플랫폼이다. 상호 호환성을 보장받기 위해서는 개발한 WIPI플랫폼이 표준을 준수하고 있는지 검증하는 절차가 필요하다. WIPI는 하드웨어 추상화 계층인 HAL, 실행 엔진, 그리고 API(WIPI-C, WIPI-Java)로 나뉘어져 있다. WIPI 응용 프로그램은 WIPI API를 이용해 작성되며 WIPI API는 자체적으로 수행이 완료될 수도 있고 이벤트나 사용자 입력을 처리하기 위해 실행 엔진 또는 HAL 계층으로부터 필요한 기능을 제공받기도 한다. 따라서, 응용 프로그램에서 오류가 발생했을 때 어느 계층에서 문제점이 발생했는지 검증하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서 WIPI 규격에 대한 검증 도구로서 플랫폼의 전체 기능과 API에 대한 검증 도구인 PCT와 하드웨어 추상화 계층인 HAL의 API 검증 도구인 HCT를 제안한다. PCT는 최종적으로 플랫폼에 대한 검증 결과만을 보고하기 때문에 검증에 실패하면 어느 계층에서 문제점이 발생했는지 알 수 가 없다. 따라서 문제점이 발생한 지점을 정확히 진단하고 정정하기 위해서는 전체 플랫폼에 대한 인증과는 별도로 HAL에 대한 인증이 필요하다.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2019

There is an urgent need for novel protein sources as an alternative to meat production. Insects, such as honeybees, hold potential as a safe, nutritious and reliable protein source for the future. In the present study, we established optimal powder preprocessing conditions of drone pupae (Apis mellifera L.) for use as a novel food. The content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate and crude fiber in drone pupae(Apis mellifera L.) were analyzed. The crude protein content ranged from 48.5 to 51.8% was found in both freeze-dried and hot-air powdered drone pupae. However, the protein content in the freeze-dried powder was higher than that in the hot-air powder by 3.3%. According to the Korean Food Standard Codex test method, coliforms, Salmonella spp. Staphylcoccus aureus, and Enterohamorrhagice Escherichia coli were not detected in both freeze-dried and hot-air powder. Therefore, we suggest that the high protein content of the powdered drone pupae prepared in this study can serve as a novel food.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2012

Bee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient for anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity after a single dermal administration of BV, BV was administered to 2 groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats (5 animals/group) at doses of 0 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 15 days following the single dose. There were no unscheduled deaths in any groups during the study period. No BV related clinical signs and body weight changes were observed in any groups during the study period. There were no abnormal gross findings at necropsy on day 15 after the treatment. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that there were no treatment-related effect on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings in SD rats treated with a single dermal dose of BV at dose of 1,500 mg/kg BW. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of BV was considered to be over 1,500 mg/kg/day for both sexes of rats. BV may provide a developmental basis for a cosmetic ingredient or external application for topical uses.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1999

This study was performed to assess that clinco-therapeutic effect of natural Italian honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. Ninety Sprague- Dawley rats of male were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Adjuvant arthritis was produced by a single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 0.1 ml paraffin oil into the right hindpaw. Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of arthritis development on day 14 after CFA injection. Experimental groups were divided into three groups. When arthritis was developed in the rat hind-paw, tested groups were administrated with prednisolone (10 mg/kg, p.o) and honeybee venom (one bee, s.c) at an interval of two days. Control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution in the rat at an interval of two days. Clinical findings, hematological values and histopathological findings were observed during or after the drugs administration. In tested groups, the development of inflammatory edema and polyarthritis on day 14 after treatment was suppressed. No significant differences of hindpaw edema volume and lameness score between prednisolone and honeybee venom groups were observed during or after therapeutic drugs treatment. WBC counts of prednisolone and honeybee venom treatment groups as compared with the control group were getting remarkably decreased during or after the therapeutic drugs administration(p＜0.01). Erosions of articular cartilage and inflammatory cell infiltrations during or after the therapeutic drugs treatment was effectively suppressed in natural honey venom.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2012

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in various processes, including stress responses, development, and differentiation. However, little information on p38 MAPK in insects is available. In this study, a p38 MAPK gene, $Accp38b$, was isolated from $Apis$ $cerana$ $cerana$ and characterized. The quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) analysis revealed that $Accp38b$ was induced by multiple stressors. Notably, the expression of $Accp38b$ was relatively higher in the pupae phase than in other developmental phases. During the pupae phase, Accp38b expression was higher in the thorax than in the head and abdomen and higher in the fat body than in the muscle and midgut. Immunohistochemisty showed significant positive staining of Accp38b in sections from the brain, eyes, fat body, and midgut of $A.$ $cerana$ $cerana$. These results suggest that Accp38b may play a crucial role in stress responses and have multiple aspects function during development.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 다양한 Open APIs 를 교육적으로 활용할 수 있는 동영상 부가정보 제공 시스템을 개발하였다. 교사들은 이 시스템을 사용하여 기존의 일반적인 동영상을 교육목적에 맞게 재구성할 수 있다. 특히 교사들은 어려운 프로그래밍 작업 없이도, 단순한 키워드 입력만으로 다양한 Open APIs를 손쉽게 가져와 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 동영상 키워드 정보를 적응적으로 관리함으로써 학생들에게 수준에 맞는 내용을 제공할 수도 있다. 학생은 키워드 정보를 적응적으로 제공받음으로써 동영상 내용을 쉽게 이해할 수 있으며 지식의 확장에 도움을 받을 수 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.2247-2250
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• 2007

This paper presents an automated API translator for embedded software development based on a model-driven approach. Since MDA(Model Driven Architecture) provides little support for the development of embedded software, we propose a new approach containing its advantages. First, we define #generic APIs# which do not depend on any RTOS#s but provide most of typical RTOS services. We can describe RTOS-related behaviors of target application using these generic APIs in a CIC(Common Intermediate Code). Then, we propose a transformation tool for translating between a CIC using generic APIs and a C-code for specific RTOS. The proposed API translator converts them using XML transformation rule which is defined outside. It indicates that an API translator extends to other RTOS#s by modifying or adding the transformation rule. From the experiment. we validate the proposed method.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2011

TGF-$\beta$ activated kinase-1 (TAK1) plays a pivotal role in developmental processes in many species. Previous research has mainly focused on the function of TAK1 in model organisms, and little is known about the function of TAK1 in hymenoptera insects. Here, we isolated and characterized the TAK1 gene from Apis cerana cerana. Promoter analysis of AccTAK1 revealed the presence of transcription factor binding sites related to early development. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that AccTAK1 was expressed at high levels in fourth instar larvae, primarily in the abdomen, in the intestinal wall cells of the midgut and in the secretory cells of the salivary glands. In addition, AccTAK1 expression in fourth instar larvae could be dramatically induced by treatment with pesticides and organic solvents. These observations suggest that AccTAK1 may be involved in the regulation of early development in the larval salivary gland and midgut.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.18-38
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• 2017

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds provide infrastructure as a pool of virtual resources, and the public IaaS clouds, e.g. Amazon Web Service (AWS) and private IaaS cloud toolkits, e.g. OpenStack, CloudStack, etc. provide their own application programming interfaces (APIs) for managing the cloud resources they offer. The heterogeneity of the APIs, however, makes it difficult to access and use the multiple cloud services concurrently and collectively. In this paper, we explore previous efforts to solve this problem and present our own implementation of an integrated cloud API, which can make it possible to access and use multiple clouds collectively in a uniform way. The implemented API provides a RESTful access and hides underlying cloud infrastructures from users or applications. We show the implementation details of the integrated API and performance evaluation of it comparing the proprietary APIs based on our cloud testbed. From the evaluation results, we could conclude that the overhead imposed by our interface is negligibly small and can be successfully used for multi-cloud access.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2018

In industries that are operating various enterprise systems, new systems are integrated and operated in accordance with each period. In particular, when a new system is to be integrated, one of the major considerations is the single sign-on part for integrating and operating the authentication. To implement this authority system using role-based access control method, an extension method for access control method is needed. Therefore, in this paper, we design an extended role-based access control model for interworking with legacy authority system and provide its APIs. The extended role-based access control model is a model in which external authority information, which holds authority information in the authority information, is added. And we describe operations that the REST Web APIs are based on these models. In this paper, the method is described in the back-end APIs and can be implemented as an operation of an extended role-based access control system based on the method.