• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.169.2-170
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• 2003

Erythropietin (EPO), a hematopoietic factor is also required for normal brain development, and its receptor is localized in brain. Therefore, it is possible that EPO could act as a neurotropic factor inducing differentiation of neurons. The present study, we therefore investigated whether EPO can increase differentiation of undifferentiated cortical neuron isolated from postneonatal (Day 1) rat brains and PC12 cell, undifferentiated dopaminagic cell line. EPO dose (1-100 U/ml) dependently increased cell differentiation and expression of differentiation marker gene (neurofilament and tyrosine hydroxylase) in both cells. (omitted)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.496-507
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• 2020

Virus infections of apples result in lowered commercial qualities such as low sugar content, weakened tree vigor, and malformed fruits. An effective way to control viruses is to produce virus-free plants based on the development of an accurate and sensitive diagnostic method. In this study, real-time PCR assays based on SYBR Green I and TaqMan probes were developed for detecting ASGV, ASPV, and ApMV viruses. These methods can detect and quantify 10³ to 10¹¹ RNA copies/μL of each virus separately. Compared with methods with two different dyes, the SYBR Green I-based method was efficient for virus detection as well as for assay using the TaqMan probe. Field tests demonstrated that real-time PCR methods developed in this study were applicable to high-throughput diagnoses for virus research and plant quarantine.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2015

A reduction of motor performance due to brain disorders can be screened by evaluating force tracking capabilities (FTCs). Existing studies have examined FTCs mainly using simple sinusoidal waves, of which repeated profiles have a critical limitation due to a learning effect in force tracking. The present study examined the effects of personal factors (age and gender) and sinusoidal wave factors (central force and complexity) on FTCs of healthy adults using composite sinusoidal wave profiles (CSWPs). FTCs were measured using Finger $Touch^{TM}$ for 30 seconds and quantified in terms of time within the target range (TWR, accuracy measure) and relative RMSE (RRMSE, variability measure). A total of 90 healthy adults in 20s to 70s with the equal gender ratio participated in the experiment consisting of combinations of 2 central force levels (6 N and 10 N) and 2 complexity levels (approximate entropy, ApEn = 0.03 and 0.06) of CSWPs. Significantly decreased FTCs (lower TWR and higher RRMSE) were found in aged adults, females, the low central force, and the high complexity. The detailed FTC decrements include a 43% reduced TWR and a 85% increased RRMSE of older adults in 70s as compared to those in 20s, a 17% reduced TWR and a 17% increased RRMSE of female as compared to those of male, a 30% reduced TWR and a 108% increased RRMSE at central force = 6N when compared to those at central force = 10N, and a 19% reduced TWR and a 30% increased RRMSE at ApEn = 0.06 as compared to those at ApEn = 0.03. The characteristics of FTCs for CSWPs can be of use in establishing an assessment protocol of motor performance for screening brain disorders.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 2000

This paper is about to simulate the defibrillation situations using 3D FE(finite element) thorax model and describes the effects of three clinical electrodes' positions and size and organ's resistivity used in simulation on the characteristics of current density distribution over myocardium. The model was constructed with a eillipsoidal cylinder for the thorax and the 2D Visible Human images for remains. And, the distributions of current density were computed by a commercial program ANSYS 5.4. The electrical shock of the AP(anterior-posterior ) electrode provided more current flows with heart than the others and that of the LL(lateral-lateral) electrode showed the most uniform current density distribution. However, the electrode size had little effect on the current density distribution. In the evaluation of model's sensitivity to tissue resistivity variation, the variation of the myocardium's resistivity most affected the minimum, average and maximum current densities.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-35
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• 2023

Chemical preservatives have a good effect on antibacterial activity, but many side effects on the human body have been reported. Recently, the development of natural preservatives that are harmless to the human body and have preservative functions and self-efficacy is active. In addition, in order to increase the absorption rate of natural products by the human body, the method of fermentation using strains is also increasing. Therefore, this study selected varieties that are harmless to the human body and have good antibacterial activity. 1. The yield of origin, thickness and solvent was investigated. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was made in China and received a yield of 21.88% from 50% ethyl alcohol extract. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was made in Korea and received a yield of 25.62% from 50% ethyl alcohol extract. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai was made in China and received a yield of 6.50% from 70% ethyl alcohol extract. 2. The solid fermentation with the S. baicalensis and S. miltiorrhiza with B. Subtilis yield gained 24.40%, 39.30%, and D. crassirhizoma obtained 11.10% yield when fermented with L. casei. 3. After the liquid fermentation, a clear zone of 9mm was identified for the S. aureus strain in the S. baicalensis, and the antibacterial activity was not confirmed in S. miltiorrhiza and D. crassirhizoma. 4. When the S. baicalensis was fermented with L. Casei, it showed high antibacterial activity in C. albicans and S. aureus. S. miltiorrhiza showed antibacterial activity in S. aureus when it was solid with S. cerevisiae. When the spectators were solid with L. casei and S. cerevisiae, antibacterial activity was high in E. coli and S. aureus. Overall, the antibacterial activity after fermentation was much higher than when fermented. 5. The change in active ingredients was baicalin 101.57, baicalein 28.26, and wogonin 5.33mg/g in the S. baicalensis that did not ferment solid. When solid fermentation with S. cerevisiae, the content of baicalinin with baicalin 94.31, baicalein 30.41, and wogonin 3.57mg/g was found to have increased. S. miltiorrhiza that was not fermented, salvianolic acid A was 1.82mg/g, and when fermented with S. cerevisiae, it increased to 5.70mg/g. The active ingredients of the spectators were flavaspidic acid AP, flavaspidic acid PB, flavaspidic acid AB, and flavaspidic acid BB.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.391-395
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• 2012

To investigate the occurrence of viruses in peach, leaf samples were collected from peach trees in commercial orchard of six areas in Korea. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify the presence of the following stone fruit viruses: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and Plum pox virus (PPV). About 65.0% of the 515 samples were infected with ACLSV and PNRSV. Virus-like symptoms showing mosaic on leaves was observed in ACLSV infected peach trees. However, PNRSV infected peach trees showed no symptoms. These viral DNAs by sequence analysis were confirmed 4 ACLSV isolates and 3 PNRSV isolates. The Korean peach isolates of ACLSV and PNRSV showed 70-99% and 88-99% amino acid sequence identities, respectively, with those reported previously and their amino acid sequence identities with each other were approximately 95% and 88%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Korean ACLSV isolates belong to the A group of ACLSV. The Korean PNRSV isolates reported in this study were grouped into I (PV32), II (PV96) and III (PE5) groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2016

Background: Although unique aortic pathology related to bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) has been previously reported, clinical implications of BAV to aortopathy risk have yet to be investigated. We looked for potential differences in matrix protein expressions in the aortic wall in BAV patients. Methods: Aorta specimens were obtained from 31 patients: BAV group (n=27), tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) group (n=4). The BAV group was categorized into three subgroups: left coronary sinus-right coronary sinus (R+L group; n=13, 42%), right coronary sinus-non-coronary sinus (R+N group; n=8, 26%), and anteroposterior (AP group; n=6, 19%). We analyzed the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2. Results: Based on the mean value of the control group, BAV group showed decreased expression of eNOS in 72.7% of patients, increased MMP-9 in 82.3%, and decreased TIMP in 79.2%. There was a higher tendency for aortopathy in the BAV group: eNOS $(BAV:TAV)=53%{\pm}7%:57%{\pm}11%$, MMP-9 $(BAV:TAV)=48%{\pm}10%:38%{\pm}1%$. The AP group showed lower expression of eNOS than the fusion (R+L, R+N) group did; $48%{\pm}5%$ vs. $55%{\pm}7%$ (p=0.081). Conclusion: Not all patients with BAV had expression of aortopathy; however, for patients who had a suspicious form of bicuspid valve, aortic wall biopsy could be valuable to signify the presence of aortopathy.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

Lactic acid, the most widely occurring hydroxy-carboxylic acid, has traditionally been used as food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Even though it has tremendous potential for large scale production and use in a wide variety of applications, high cost lactic acid materials are primarily problems. Lactic acid can be obtained on either by fermentation or chemical synthesis. In recent years, the fermentation approach has become more successful because of the increasing market demand for naturally produced lactic acid. Generally, lactic acid was produced from pure starch or from glucose. As an alternative, biomass which is the most abundant renewable resources on earth have been considered for conversion to readily utilizable hydrolysate. In this study, we conducted the fermentation method to produce L(+)-lactic acid production from pretreated hydrolysate was investigated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863. The hydrolysate was obtained from pretreatment process of biomass using Ammonia percolation process (AP) followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. In order to effectively enhance lactic acid conversion and product yield, controlled medium, temperature, glucose concentration was conducted under pure glucose conditions. The optimum conditions of lactic acid production was investigated and compared with those of hydrolysate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.367-372
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• 2015

Background: Human adiponectin (ApN), a 30 kDa glycoprotein of 244-amino acids which is predominantly produced by adipocytes, exerts its effects via two receptors, namely adiponectin receptor-1 (adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor-2 (adipo-R2) with differential binding affinity to globular adiponectin. Adiponectin receptor expression has been studied in several cancer tissues. However, there are no studies of colorectal adenomas which are considered to be precursors for colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Objectives: In the present study, the expression of adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 was investigated immunohistochemically in colorectal adenomas and colorectal carcinoma tissues in an attempt to determine associations with these tumors. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 50 CRC patients with tumor resection and 82 patients who were diagnosed with adenomatous polyps, classified as negative for neoplasia, low-grade dysplasia (L-GD) or high- grade dysplasia (H-GD). Results: Expression of both adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 was found to be significantly lower in the CRCs than in colorectal adenomas (tubular and tubulovillous, p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). Adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 expression was also significantly lower in the CRC group when compared with the groups of patients with low grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia or no neoplasia (p=0.012 and p<0.001, respectively). In addition, it was observed that adipo-R2 expression was generally positive in the non-neoplastic group irrespective of the adipo-R2 expression. In the L-GD, H-GD and CRC groups, the adipo-R2 result was positive whenever adipo-R1 result was positive but some patients with negative adipo-R1 had positive adipo-R2 (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This study indicated that ApN may play a role in the progression of colorectal adenomatous polyps to carcinoma through actions on adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 receptors.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.493-501
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• 2002

This study evaluated the microleakage performance of four self-etcing primer adhesives(Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Liner Bond 2, UniFil Bond, and FL Bond) and one self-etching adhesive(Prompt L-Pop). Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 50 extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of five adhesives and composite resins: Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z 250(Group 1), Clearfil SE Bond/Clearfil AP-X(Group 2), Clearfil Liner Bond 2/Clearfil AP-X(Group 3), UniFil Bond/UniFil F(Group 4), and FL Bond/Filtek Z 250(Group 5). Following one day storage in room temperature water, the restored teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. Marginal microleakage was assessed by dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye. After 24 hours, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The microleakges at both enamel and dentinal mal$.$gins were the lowest in group 4. increasing among groups in the following order: group 2, follwed by group 5, follwed by group 1, and the highest in group 3. 2. At the enamel margins, the microleakage of group 3 was significantly higher than those of groups 2. 4 and 5(p<0.05), and also the microleakage of group 1 was statistically higher than those of groups 2 and 5(p<0.05). 3. At the dentinal margins, microleakage of group 3 was signincantly higher than microleakages of groups 1, 2, 4 and 5(p<0.05). 4. Compared with microleakages between the enamel and dentinal margins of each group, groups 1, 4 and 5 at enamel margin and group 2 and group 3 at dentinal margin were higher microleakage. But there was no significant difference between enamel and dentinal microleakages of each group(p>0.05).