• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.955-962
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• 2005

Even though the runoff volume is very sensitive to the antecedent soil moisture condition (AMC), the general rainfall-runoff analysis in Korea has accepted, without careful consideration of its applicability, the AMC classification of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS, 1972). In this study, by following the development procedure of SCS Curve Number (CN), the rainfall-runoff characteristics of the Jangpyung subbasin of the Pyungchang River Basin were analyzed to estimate the CN and evaluate the AMC classification of currently being used. As results, CN(I), CN(II), and CN(III) were estimated to be 72.1, 79.3, and 76.7, respectively. Among them CN(II) was found to be similar to the other reports but the other two were totally different from those of theoretically estimated. However, it is difficult to evaluate the AMC with CN, rather the frequency of each AMC could be a better indicator for its validity. This study developed the histogram of AMC and compared the frequency of each AMC. hs results we found that the criterion for AMC-III should be increased, Hut that for AMC-I decreased.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3B
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• pp.233-240
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• 2006

One of the main factor that effects on the CN's value in SCS Curve Number method for the estimation of direct runoff is the antecedent soil moisture condition (AMC). It is also common to use the AMC-III in hydrologic practice, which provides the largest runoff as possible. In this paper, AMC defending on the rainfall characteristics is analyzed using daily rainfall data at rainy season (June~September) of the Seoul station from 1961 to 2002. The probability mass function of AMC is also investigated to analyze the variation of AMC based on climate change, scenarios from several General Circulation Model (GCM) predictions. As a results we can find that the occurrence of AMC-I is reduced, and AMC-III is increased, whereas AMC-II does not change.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.963-972
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• 2005

This study searched the criterion of AMC with respect to the rainfall amount for the periods of antecedent 5 to 2 days. This criterion was decided as the rainfall amount with which the frequency of the observed CN(I) and CN(III) events being categorized as the true CN(I) and CW(III) become highest. Among four cases considered, the cases with antecedent 4 and 5 days provided a reasonable results, but the others not due to limited rainfall events available. For both cases with antecedent 4 and 5 days, the frequency of AMC-II increases, but that of AMC-III decreases significantly to become a more reasonable distribution. Among the cases with antecedent 4 and S days, the latter seems to be better as the occurrence of AMC-II and the relative frequency of CN(I) are higher. If adopting the rainfall amount of antecedent 5 days for the AMC, the criteria for AMC-I and AMC-III for the Jangpyung subbasin becomes 22 mm and 117 mm, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2003

A relation between the temporal variation of rainfall and direct runoff was characterized using temporal indexes of rainfall(1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th moment). Curve Number has a relation with 1st and 2nd moment for AMCIII condition when the rainfall duration is relative (10th quantile). Also peak runoff ratio(QP/Q) has a relation with 1st and End moment for AMCIII condition as well as 3rd and 4th moment for AMC I condition. Considering all durations of rainfall, alternatively, Curve Number has a relation with 1st and 2nd moment for AMCIIIcondition besides every moments for AMC I condition. But peak runoff ratio(QP/Q) has few relations excepting 3rd and 4th moment for AMC I condition. As a results, temporal indexes of rainfall are useful to determine curve numbers regarding the temporal variation of rainfall.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.207-207
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 유역 특성의 판단에 적절한 호우사상을 선별하여 사용하는 것이 어느 정도 효과적인지를 평가하였다. 토양의 습윤 정도에 따른 유역의 특성을 반영하기 위해 AMC 조건을 고려하였으며, 유역의 집중시간 및 저류상수의 추정방법으로는 Nash 모형의 구조를 이용하는 방법을 적용하였다. 아울러 강우의 공간변동 정도를 파악하기 위해 변동계수를 이용하여 평가하였으며, 추정된 매개변수들의 대푯값 및 가능범위를 도시적으로 결정하였다. 이를 유역면적이 큰 충주댐 유역의 영춘 지점과 상대적으로 작은 평창강 방림 지점을 대상유역으로 선정하여, 다양한 호우사상에 대한 분석이 유역의 규모에 대비되어 수행될 수 있도록 하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 강우의 공간변동 정도를 변동계수로 평가한 결과 AMC-III 조건에서 강우강도의 공간적 변동폭이 작음을 확인하였다. 따라서 AMC-III 조건에서 유도한 유출특성이 단위도의 이론에 부합하는 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 AMC 조건에 따라 추정된 집중시간과 저류상수는 AMC-I보다 AMC-III 경우에서 상대적으로 변동폭도 작았으며, 선형저수지의 특성 역시 일관됨을 확인하였다. 특히, AMC-I 조건의 경우는 선행강우가 없는 상태에서의 호우사상들로서 일단 그 크기가 작을 가능성이 크다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 AMC-I 조건의 호우사상 보다는 AMC-III 조건의 호우사상을 이용하는 게 보다 홍수 유출 해석에 유리하다고 판단된다. 추정된 매개변수의 대푯값과 그의 가능범위 결정에 앞서, AMC-III 조건에서 추정된 매개변수들이 군집해 있는 구간을 설정한 후, 이를 벗어나는 매개변수를 제외하였다. 다음으로 매개변수의 무게중심 즉, 평균을 중점으로 하여 사분위수(25%, 50%, 75%)에 해당되는 매개변수 개수가 선택되도록 사변형을 작성하였다. 이 때 집중시간과 저류상수 사이의 상관성을 고려하기 위해 사변형은 선형저수지 개수의 선과 선형저수지의 저류상수의 선이 만나는 점을 연결하여 작성하였다. 영춘 지점의 경우, 집중시간의 대푯값은 20.6 hr, 저류상수의 대푯값은 18.4 hr, 방림 지점은 각각 7.5 hr, 8.2 hr이다. 매개변수의 대푯값 가능범위는 충주댐 영춘 지점의 경우 1사분에서 집중시간 18-25 hr, 저류 상수는 17-20 hr 정도, 방림 지점의 경우 집중시간은 5-10 hr, 저류상수는 7-11 hr 정도이다. 아울러 추정된 대푯값의 가능 범위를 이용하여 기존의 경험공식을 평가하였다. 그 결과 집중시간의 경우 Kraven 공식, 정성원 공식이, 저류상수의 경우 Sabol 공식, 정성원 공식, 윤태훈 공식이 대푯값의 범위에 속하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 분석 지점의 부족으로 기존의 경험공식의 정량적 평가는 어렵다. 추후에 보다 많은 지점을 대상으로 분석한다면 보다 설득력이 있는 경험공식의 평가와 다양한 유역에 적합한 경험공식의 산정도 가능할 것이다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.76-88
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• 2000

AGNPS model is applied in this study to analyze the changes of non-point source pollutant according to AMC condition using probable rainfall. Probable rainfall of H-dam area by Gumber's extreme value distribution is computed through frequency analysis for each return period. 35 coarse grids are subdivided into 134 find grids of finite differential network to analyze peak flow soil loss quantity and nutrients of study area and the modified CN estimation equation shows good result about rainfall events-peak flow relationship. And as the consequence of estimation of soil loss quantity for each rainfall event soil loss quantity shows 120%-170% of actual soil loss quantity Regression analysis for the observed and calculated values of flow T-P AMC has an important effect on nutrients concentration of outflow and it if found that the excessive fertilization under AMC III condition may cause eutrophication by nutrients because the range of increase of outflow concentration appears relatively high.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 2018

This study analyzed the effect of irrigation reservoirs, antecedent soil moisture conditions (AMC) and Huff time distribution on peak discharge using Monte Carlo simulation. The peak discharge was estimated for four different cases in combination of irrigation reservoir capacity, AMC, and Huff time distribution. Applying 100% reservoir capacity or AMC-III, the peak discharges corresponding return periods of 50~300 years were overestimated by 25~30% compared to those of cases that considered the probability of occurrence for individual condition. Applying the 3rd quantile huff distribution, the peak discharges were overestimated by 5% over the peak discharge that considered the probability of occurrence. The overall results indicated that the effect on the peak flood of Huff distribution was less than AMC and reservoir storage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.578-582
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• 2005

In this study, the conceptual foundation and development process of the Antecedent soil Moisture Condition(AMC) in SCS runoff curve number method are reviewed. Although the runoff volume is very sensitive with AMC condition, the AMC class limits developed in SCS(1972) are used in rainfall-runoff analysis without careful consideration. Tn this study, following the SCS curve number development process, rainfall-runoff characteristics of the Jang-Pyung subbasin subject to the Pyung-Chang River basin are analyzed to evaluate the reasonability of the AMC class limits at present. The New AMC class limits are proposed by the sensitive analysis of the antecedent rainfall - curve number value. As a result, the classification value of AMC-I with II is 22mm of antecedent 5-day rainfall amount, and the classification of AMC-II with III is 117mm in growing season. When the New AMC class limits are applied to Jang-Pyung subbasin, AMC probability distribution shows that the AMC-II has increased remarkably even though the AMC-I has a little higher value. But the AMC-III has the smallest one. According to the conceptual basis of the curve number method, the AMC probability distribution, the New AMC class limits adopted, gives reasonable results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.288-288
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• 2011

최근 들어 관측된 강우-유출 사상으로부터 유출곡선지수(Runoff curve number, CN)를 계산하는 연구가 수행되어왔으며, 이것은 기존 선행토양함수조건(Antecedent Moisture Condition; AMC) 을 이용한 유출곡선지수 적용에 대한 여러 문제점(AMC 기준의 타당성, 초기손실우량과 최대잠재보유수량의 비($I_a$ S=0.20의 적정성))이 부각되면서 선행유출조건을 이용한 유출곡선지수가 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 선행유출조건(Antecedent Runoff Condition, ARC) 방법을 적용하여 IHP유역인 방림과 상안미 유역의 강우-유출자료로부터 CN을 직접 산정하였다. 먼저 방림과 상안미 유역에서 각각 12개, 10개의 관측된 강우-유출 사상을 통해 초기손실우량과 최대잠재보유수량의 비($I_a$/S)가 기존 가정의 0.20보다 작은 것을 확인하고 수정된 $I_a$/S비를 고려하여 대상 유역에서의 적정 CN을 산정하였다. 실제 강우-유출 사상에서 산정한 각 사상별 CN의 대표값을 찾기 위해 ARC-II의 평균유출조건으로 가정하여 각 사상별 단순평균과 4개의 지속기간(4시간, 3시간, 2시간, 1시간)별로 구분하여 평균한 CN을 구분하였다. 이를 통해 계산된 유효우량과 관측 유효우량과 비교를 실시하였으며 각 사상을 단순 평균한 ARC-II 조건으로 가정하여 계산된 CN의 오차가 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 기존의 선행토양함수조건(Antecedent soil moisture condition, AMC)의 CN으로 산정된 유효우량과 ARC조건으로 산정된 유효우량을 비교한 결과 방림유역에서 는 오차가 ARC 방법의 경우 37.76%, AMC 방법의 경우 51.27%로 평가되었고 상안미 유역에서는 오차가 ARC의 경우 31.97%, AMC 방법의 경우43.08%로 두 유역에서 모두 ARC 방법으로 산정된 CN이 더 적은 오차값을 주었다. 따라서 방림과 상안미 유역에서의 ARC로 산정된 CN값은 유효우량 산정의 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.519-535
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• 2012

In order to establish a rainfall-runoff model, calibration of hydrological parameters for the model is very important. Especially, Curve Number(CN), estimated by NRCS method, is a main factor to apply unit hydrograph theory to calculation of peak discharge. For using NRCS method, it is needed selecting AMC because CN is strongly connected with that. In this study, we focus our concern on finding a applicable standard for selecting AMC for CN. For this, three dams which are Boryeong, Habchon, Namgang are selected as target basins to use observed data including rainfall and dam inflow. As a result of this research, it is found that CN must be included as a calibrated parameter to calculate effective rainfall for the rainfall-runoff model. Also, it is preferred to use PWRMSE of HEC-HMS program as a objective function for optimizing hydrological parameters. From the analyzing result of variation of AMC for peak discharge, it is recommended to apply AMC-III to estimation of CN for calculating effective rainfall of design hydrograph.