• Mycobiology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2006

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) have mutualistic symbiosis with plants and thus efforts have been placed on application of these symbiotic relationships to agricultural and environmental fields. In this study, AM fungi were collected from 25 sites growing with 16 host plant species in Korea and cultured with Sorghum bicolor in greenhouse condition. AM fungal spores were extracted and identified using both morphological and molecular methods. Using morphological characters, total 15 morpho-speices were identified. DNA was extracted from single spore of AM fungi and a partial region on 18S rDNA was amplified using nested PCR with AM fungal specific primers AML1/AML2. A total of 36 18S rDNA sequences were analyzed for phylogenetic analysis and 15 groups of AM fungi were identified using both morphological and molecular data of spores. Among the species, 4 species, Archaeospora leptoticha, Scutellospora castanea, S. cerradensis, S. weresubiae were described for the first time in Korea and two species in Glomus and a species in Gigaspora were not identified. Morphological and molecular identification of AM fungal spores in this study would help identify AM fungal community colonizing roots.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 1998

화삼회토양에서 감귤대목으로 사용되는 탱자 유모의 생육에 미치는 arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)의 영향을 조사하기 위하여, N, P, K 시비수준을 달리한 화산회토에서 감귤뿌리를 접종 재료로 하여 AM균을 접종시킨 탱자 유묘를 재배하였다. 유모의 생육과 식물체내 무기 함량을 분석하고 감염된 화분토양에서 채취한 포자의 종류를 동정하였다. 토양 5L당 21-17-17 복비 40g과 용성인비 50g을 준 다비인산구에서만 감염된 화분의 비율이 70%였고 나머지 인산을 첨가하지 않거나 시비량이 적은 처리들에서는 감염 비율이 20% 이하였다. AM 형성율의 증가에 따라 지상부의 생채중과 건물중은 유의하게 증가 되었으며, 초장과 지하부 생채중 및 건물도 5% 수준에서 유의성은 인정되지 않았지만 증가하는 경향이었다. 따라서 식물체 내의 P와 Cu, Mg의 함량은 AM 형성율의 증가에 따라 비례적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, N과 Zn의 함량도 증가하지만 Ca 함량은 감소하는 경향이었다. 접종 재료를 채취한 토양에서 발견되는 Glomus desertcola, G. rubiforme, G. vesiculiferm 과 Acaulospora sp. 등 4종의 AM균 포자 모두가 접종된 화분토양에서도 확인되어 이들 균이 모두 탱자 뿌리에서 AM을 형성하는 것으로 판단되었다. 토양중의 인산 수준이 감귤 뿌리의 AM균 감염을 결정하는 요인으로 작용하는 것 같으며 감귤원에서 AM을 효과적으로 이용하기 위해서는 우선 AM의 형성율을 높일 수 있는 적정 토양 인산 수준에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2014

Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in seven tree species (Albizia saman, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., Albizia lebbeck, Chickrassia tabularis A. Juss., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnn., Gmelina arborea (Roxb) DC, Swietenia macrophylla King.) collected from the hilly areas of Chittagong University (CU) was investigated. Roots and rhizosphere soil samples were collected in different seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon). Percentage of AM colonization in root and number of spores/100 gm dry soil were assessed. The result of the investigation reveals that the intensity and percentage of AM colonization varied in different forest tree species in different seasons. In this study, maximum AM colonization and spore population were found in pre-monsoon and minimum were in monsoon season. The intensity of colonization was maximum in C. tabularis (74.43%) in pre-monsoon, A. lebbeck (69.45%) in monsoon and S. macrophylla (67.8%) in post monsoon seasons and minimum in A. auriculiformis (53.75%) during pre-monsoon, A. saman (24.4%) in monsoon and A. saman (19.36%) in post monsoon. The number of spores found per 100 g dry soil ranged between 164-376 during pre-monsoon, 27-310 during monsoon and 194-299 in post monsoon season. Out of six recognized genera of AM fungi, Glomus, Sclerocystis, Entrophospora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora and other unidentified spores were observed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2010

본 연구는 균근균 접종이 포도삽목묘의 생장에 미치는 영향과 균근 형성율 그리고 형성 양상을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 포도 삽목시, 균근균 접종원을 처리한 거봉과 탐나라 품종은 무 접종처리 보다 엽수, 엽면적, 총 뿌리길이 그리고 뿌리 표면적이 크게 증가하였다. 그러나 켐벨어리 품종의 총 뿌리길이와 뿌리 표면적은 무처리구 (AMF-)와 비교하여 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 접종 8주후 균근균 접종 처리구 (AMF+)의 형성율은 22.5-32.5%이었으며, 12주 후 켐벨어리, 탐나라 그리고 거봉의 균근 형성율은 각각 29.6%, 28.8% 그리고 48.8%이었다. 반면 균근균 무처리구 (AMF-)는 균근형성 수준이 매우 낮았다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

Results from an innovative approach to improve remediation in the rhizosphere by encouraging healthy plant growth and thus enhancing microbial activity are reported. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Am) on remediation efficacy of wheat, mungbean and eggplant grown in soil spiked with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was assessed in a pot experiment. The results of this study showed that Am inoculation enhanced dissipation amount of PAHs in planted soil, plant uptake PAHs, dissipation amount of PAHs in planted versus unplanted spiked soil and loss of PAHs by the plant-promoted biodegradation. A number of parameters were monitored including plant shoot and root dry weight, plant tissue water content, plant chlorophyll, root lipid content, oxido-reductase enzyme activities in plant and soil rhizosphere and total microbial count in the rhizospheric soil. The observed physiological data indicate that plant growth and tolerance increased with Am, but reduced by PAH. This was reflected by levels of mycorrhizal root colonization which were higher for mungbean, moderate for wheat and low for eggplant. Levels of Am colonization increased on mungbean > wheat > eggplant. This is consistent with the efficacy of plant in dissipation of PAHs in spiked soil. Highly significant positive correlations were shown between of arbuscular formation in root segments (A)) and plant water content, root lipids, peroxidase, catalase polyphenol oxidase and total microbial count in soil rhizosphere as well as PAH dissipation in spiked soil. As consequence of the treatment with Am, the plants provide a greater sink for the contaminants since they are better able to survive and grow.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2008

Red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) roots and soils representing different agricultural management practices such as conventional (CON), no-chemical (NOC), and organic farming systems (ORG) were collected from 32 farm field sites in Kyunggi, Korea to investigate the effects of these agricultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. ORG inoculum significantly increased plant growth compared to inoculum from CON and NOC. A community analysis of AM fungi (AMF) using morphological features of spores revealed that AMF spore abundance and species diversity were significantly higher in ORG than in CON. Additionally, a community analysis of AMF colonizing roots using a molecular technique revealed higher AMF diversity in ORG than in CON. These results suggest that agricultural practices significantly influence AM fungal community structure and mycorrhizal inoculum potential.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2008

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae(BEG 107) in enhancing growth and arsenic(As) and phosphorus(P) uptake of white clover(Trifolium repens) and evening primrose(Oenothera odorata) in soil collected from a gold mine having concentrations of 381.6 mg total As $kg^{-1}$ and 20.5 mg available As $kg^{-1}$. Trifolium repens and O. odorata are widely distributed on abandoned metalliferous mines in Korea. The percent root colonization by the AM fungus was 55.9% and 62.3% in T. repens and O. odorata, respectively, whereas no root colonization was detected in control plants grown in a sterile medium. The shoot dry weight of T. repens and O. odorata was increased by 323 and 117% in the AM plants compared to non-mycorrhizal(NAM) plants, respectively. The root dry weight increased up to 24% in T. repens and 70% in O. odorata following AM colonization compared to control plants. Mycorrhizal colonization increased the accumulation of As in the root tissues of T. repens and O. odorata by 99.7 and 91.7% compared to the NAM plants, respectively. The total uptake of P following AM colonization increased by 50% in T. repens and 70% in O. odorata, whereas the P concentration was higher in NAM plants than in the AM plants. Colonization with AM fungi increased the As resistance of the host plants to As toxicity by augmenting the yield of dry matter and increasing the total P uptake. Hence, the application of an AM fungus can effectively improve the phytoremediation capability of T. repens and O. odorata in As-contaminated soil.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

Roots of Glycine max and Miscanthus sinensis and soil samples were collected from various field sites at Goesan, Chungbuk in Korea. Microscopic observations of the roots indicated high colonization rates of both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and other fungi. The partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes were amplified with the genomic DNA extracted from their roots by nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with universal primer NS1 and fungal specific primers AML Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) was analyzed using the combinations of three restriction enzymes, HinfI, AluI and AsuC21. Nucleotides sequence analysis revealed that ten sequences from Miscanthus sinensis and one sequence from Glycine max were close to those of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Also, 33% of total clones amplified with NS31-AM1 primers from M. sinensis and 97% from G. max were close to Fusarium oxysporum or other pathogenic fungi, and they were successfully distinguished from AME Results suggested that these techniques could help to distinguish arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from root pathogenic fungi in the plant roots. Especially, DNA amplified by these primers showed distinct polymorphisms between AMF and plant pathogenic species of Fusarium when digested with AsuC21.

• Mycobiology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2004

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were observed in Botrychium ternatum native in Korea. The partial small subunit(SSU) of ribosomal DNA gene from the fern roots was amplified with primers AM1/NS31. Nucleotides sequence analysis of the clones revealed that two fragments were close to Glomus proliferum and G. sinuosum. The other three DNA fragments were close to those of G. proliferum with the relatively low similarities($92{\sim}95%$) and speculated to be originated from three different species of Glomus(GLA006, GLA016, and GLA032). Five different nucleotide sequences close to three AM fungal species were found in the roots of B. ternatum native in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.38-50
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• 1993

내생균근 균이 포함된 토양을 이용하여 4종류의 식물인 수수, 돌콩, 차풀 및 참깨를 재배하여, arbucular mycorrhizae의 감염도 및 포자 증식을 조사 하였다. 감염율의 변화는 계속하여 50일까지 증가하고 있는 반면에 포자생성은 30일 이후에 증가율이 감소하는 것이 관찰되었다. 이로써, AM 감염도는 포자생성과 상관관계를 갖지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 다양한 지역의 토양을 포트배양하여 포자의 증식을 조사하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 다양한 토양을 이용하여 포트배양한 결과 많은 양의 새로운 포자를 얻을 수 있었으며, 82개 토양 중 43개 토양에서 포자의 증식이 관찰되었으며 4속 15종의 포자가 동정되었다. 포트배양한 토양의 pH를 조사한 결과 pH에 따라 포자의 생성이 일정한 경향을 보였으며, 대체로 낮은 pH에서 많은 포자 증식을 관찰하였다.