• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.757-759
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• 2003

Understanding the area of the rice paddy fields is important, and suitable for it the remote sensing. SAR is effective to the monitor in Southeast Asia with the rainy season. The detection of the filled rice paddy fields by RADARSAT was tried in the north part of Bangkok Thailand, and in the Mekong river valley Cambodia, which ware the main rice production country in Southeast Asia. We get observation data by RADARSAT and fields all through a year around Bangkok. However, because the flood had occurred on the study area in 2002 observed, the detection only of the rice fields ware difficult.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12.1-12.13
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• 2022

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is presumed to modulate the natural course of allergic disease by inducing immune tolerance. However, conventional AITs, such as subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy, require long treatment durations and often provoke local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, only <5% of allergy patients receive AIT as second-line therapy. Novel administration routes, such as intralymphatic, intradermal and epicutaneous immunotherapies, and synthetic recombinant allergen preparations have been evaluated to overcome these limitations. We will review the updated views of diverse AIT methods, and discuss the limitations and opportunities of the AITs for the treatment of allergic diseases in humans.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

The combustion properties of the flammable substance used in industrial fields include lower/upper flash point, lower/upper explosion limit, autoignition temperature(AIT), fire point, and minimum oxygen concentration(MOC) etc.. The accurate assessment of these characteristics should be made for process and worker safety. In this study, tert-amylalcohol(TAA), which is widely used as a solvent for epoxy resins, oxidizers of olefins, fuel oils and biomass, was selected. The reason is that there are few researches on the reliability of combustion characteristics compared to other flammable materials. The flash point of the TAA was measured by Setaflash, Pensky-Martens, Tag, and Cleveland testers. And the AIT of the TAA was measured by ASTM 659E. The lower/upper explosion limits of the TAA was estimated using the measured lower/upper flash points by Setaflash tester. The flash point of the TAA by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at 19 ℃ and 21 ℃, respectively. The flash points of the TAA by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at 28 ℃ and 34 ℃, respectively. The AIT of the TAA was experimented at 437 ℃. The LEL and UEL calculated by using lower and upper flash point of Setaflash were calculated at 1.10 vol% and 11.95 vol%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.8-14
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• 2023

Lithium ions can induce the thermal runaway phenomenon and lead to reignition due to electrical, mechanical, and environmental factors such as high temperature, smoke generation, explosions, or flames, which is extremely likely to create safety concerns. Therefore, one of the ways to improve the flame retardancy of the electrolyte is to use a flame-retardant additive. Comparing the associated characteristic value of existing substances with the required experimental value, it was found that these values were either considerably different or were not documented. It is vital to know a substance's combustion characteristic values, flash point, explosion limit, and autoignition temperature (AIT) as well as its combustion characteristics before using it. In this research, the flash point and AIT of materials were measured by mixing a highly volatile and flammable substance, diethyl carbonate (DEC), with flame-retardant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The flash point of DEC, which is a pure substance, was 29℃, and that for DMMP was 65℃. Further, the lower explosion limit calculated using the measured flash point of DEC was 1.79 Vol.%, while that for DMMP was 0.79 Vol.%. The AIT was 410℃ and 390℃ for DEC and DMMP, respectively. In particular, since the AIT of DMMP has not been discussed in any previous study, it is necessary to ensure safety through experimental values. In this study, the experimental and regression analysis revealed that the average absolute deviation (ADD) for the flash point of the DEC+DMMP DEC+DMMP system is 0.58 sec and that the flash point tends to increase according to changes in the composition employed. It also revealed that the AAD for the AIT of the mixture was 3.17 sec and that the AIT tended to decrease and then increase based on changes in the composition.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.588-590
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• 2001

Two flavanones, (2S) -2'-methoxykurarinones (1) and kurarinones (2) , were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Sophora flavescense Ait. Their structrures were elucidated using NMR, UV and IR spectral analysis. These compounds exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis Pseudomonas Putida and a weak anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans.

• Water for future
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• v.39 no.11 s.160
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• pp.57-59
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• 2006

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.93-102
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• 1996

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.66-76
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• 2017

Purpose: Oral wound healing requires gingival fibroblasts to respond to local growth factors. Epigenetic silencing through DNA methylation can potentially decrease the responsiveness of gingival fibroblasts to local growth factors. In this study, our aim was to determine whether the inhibition of DNA methylation sensitized gingival fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$). Methods: Gingival fibroblasts were exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza), a clinically approved demethylating agent, before stimulation with TGF-${\beta}1$. Gene expression changes were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. DNA methylation was detected by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and PCR amplification. Results: We found that 5-aza enhanced TGF-${\beta}1$-induced interleukin-11 (IL11) expression in gingival fibroblasts 2.37-fold (P=0.008). 5-aza had no significant effects on the expression of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Consistent with this, 5-aza caused demethylation of the IL11 gene commonly next to a guanosine (CpG) island in gingival fibroblasts. The TGF-${\beta}$ type I receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 impeded the changes in IL11 expression, indicating that the effects of 5-aza require TGF-${\beta}$ signaling. 5-aza moderately increased the expression of TGF-${\beta}$ type II receptor (1.40-fold; P=0.009), possibly enhancing the responsiveness of fibroblasts to TGF-${\beta}1$. As part of the feedback response, 5-aza increased the expression of the DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) (P=0.005) and DNMT3B (P=0.002), which are enzymes responsible for gene methylation. Conclusions: These in vitro data suggest that the inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-aza supports TGF-${\beta}$-induced IL11 expression in gingival fibroblasts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.206-211
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• 1999

Volatile antimicrobial compounds, isothiocyanates (ITCs), were compared their antimicrobial activity against 9 strains, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Erwinia carotovora, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium roqueforti. And synergistic antimicrobial effect of ITCs was examined with acetic acid. Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), benzyl isothiocyanate (BIT), and ethyl isothiocyanate (EIT) were more effective than other ITCs. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of these compounds was $100{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/dish$ against microorganisms tested and their inhibitory actions were more effective in order of fungi>yeast>Gram-negative bacteria>Gram-positive bacteria. MIC of acetic acid was $50{\sim}500\;{\mu}g/dish$ as lower concentration than ITCs. Using a mixture of volatile antimicrobial compounds and acetic acid, the synergistic effect was increased in $2{\sim}10$ times than ITCs used solely.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 1983

Dimension analysis was uesd to estimate biomass and net primary production (NPP) in a 35-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation in central Wisconsin, U. S. A.. Total above ground biomass was estimated at $97.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Organic matter was distributed in the red pine stand as follows : bolewood 67.8%, live branches 15.4%, foliage 8.4%, bole bark 6.1%. Net primary production was estimated at $11.5Mg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ and was distributed : bolewood 30.4%, foliage 25.2%, branches 36.5%, bole bark 2.6%. There were differences in total biomass and proportion of biomass components when using the three equations. These differences are due to : a) difference in bolewood specific gravity and b) the effect of thinning on the form factor.