• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.388-399
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• 2023

Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern, coercing the need for advancements in imaging techniques for ensuring accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potent tool for gastric-cancer imaging, particularly for diagnostic imaging and body morphometry. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and applications of AI in gastric cancer imaging. We investigated the role of AI imaging in gastric cancer diagnosis and staging, showcasing its potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of these crucial aspects of patient management. Additionally, we explored the application of AI body morphometry specifically for assessing the clinical impact of gastrectomy. This aspect of AI utilization holds significant promise for understanding postoperative changes and optimizing patient outcomes. Furthermore, we examine the current state of AI techniques for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. These prognostic models leverage AI algorithms to predict long-term survival outcomes and assist clinicians in making informed treatment decisions. However, the implementation of AI techniques for gastric cancer imaging has several limitations. As AI continues to evolve, we hope to witness the translation of cutting-edge technologies into routine clinical practice, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes in the fight against gastric cancer.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly gaining recognition in the radiology domain as a greater number of radiologists are becoming AI-literate. However, the adoption and implementation of AI solutions in clinical settings have been slow, with points of contention. A group of AI users comprising mainly clinical radiologists across various Asian countries, including India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Uzbekistan, formed the working group. This study aimed to draft position statements regarding the application and clinical deployment of AI in radiology. The primary aim is to raise awareness among the general public, promote professional interest and discussion, clarify ethical considerations when implementing AI technology, and engage the radiology profession in the ever-changing clinical practice. These position statements highlight pertinent issues that need to be addressed between care providers and care recipients. More importantly, this will help legalize the use of non-human instruments in clinical deployment without compromising ethical considerations, decision-making precision, and clinical professional standards. We base our study on four main principles of medical care-respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.259-270
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• 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been studied in various fields of medical imaging. Currently, top-notch deep learning (DL) techniques have led to high diagnostic accuracy and fast computation. However, they are rarely used in real clinical practices because of a lack of reliability concerning their results. Most DL models can achieve high performance by extracting features from large volumes of data. However, increasing model complexity and nonlinearity turn such models into black boxes that are seldom accessible, interpretable, and transparent. As a result, scientific interest in the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is gradually emerging. This study aims to review diverse XAI approaches currently exploited in medical imaging. We identify the concepts of the methods, introduce studies applying them to imaging modalities such as computational tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopy, and lastly discuss limitations and challenges faced by XAI for future studies.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.289-308
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 AI 의료영상 진단 분야를 중심으로 공동연구 네트워크의 특성을 살펴보고, 사회자본의 2가지 개념인 네트워크 폐쇄와 구조적 공백이 연구성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 네트워크의 구조는 하나의 큰 컴포넌트를 가지고 있으며, 이를 제외하고는 클러스터 간의 분절이 심하고 각 클러스터 내의 응집성은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 네트워크 폐쇄는 밀도로, 구조적 공백은 효율성으로 측정하여 연구성과와의 관계를 QAP 회귀분석을 통해 확인한 결과, 네트워크 폐쇄와 구조적 공백은 모두 연구성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 영상의학의 한 분야인 의료영상 진단에 AI 라는 새로운 분야가 접목될 때, 연구자들 간의 강한 연결뿐만 아니라 다양한 지식을 수용할 수 있는 구조적 공백 또한 연구 성과에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 연구 결과는 공동 지식 생산을 위한 연구 협업에서 적절하게 조화를 이루는 네트워크의 필요성을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1525-1536
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of cine three-dimensional (3D) balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) imaging combined with a non-local means (NLM) algorithm for image denoising in evaluating cardiac function in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with rTOF (mean age, 12 years; range, 7-18 years) were enrolled to undergo cardiac cine image acquisition, including two-dimensional (2D) b-SSFP, 3D b-SSFP, and 3D b-SSFP combined with NLM. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) of the two ventricles were measured and indexed by body surface index. Acquisition time and image quality were recorded and compared among the three imaging sequences. Results: 3D b-SSFP with denoising vs. 2D b-SSFP had high correlation coefficients for EDV, ESV, SV, and EF of the left (0.959-0.991; p < 0.001) as well as right (0.755-0.965; p < 0.001) ventricular metrics. The image acquisition time ± standard deviation (SD) was 25.1 ± 2.4 seconds for 3D b-SSFP compared with 277.6 ± 0.7 seconds for 2D b-SSFP, indicating a significantly shorter time with the 3D than the 2D sequence (p < 0.001). Image quality score was better with 3D b-SSFP combined with denoising than with 3D b-SSFP (mean ± SD, 3.8 ± 0.6 vs. 3.5 ± 0.6; p = 0.005). Signal-to-noise ratios for blood and myocardium as well as contrast between blood and myocardium were higher for 3D b-SSFP combined with denoising than for 3D b-SSFP (p < 0.05 for all but septal myocardium). Conclusion: The 3D b-SSFP sequence can significantly reduce acquisition time compared to the 2D b-SSFP sequence for cine imaging in the evaluation of ventricular function in children with rTOF, and its quality can be further improved by combining it with an NLM denoising method.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.86-102
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• 2024

Early diagnosis, accurate assessment, and localization of peritoneal metastasis (PM) are essential for the selection of appropriate treatments and surgical guidance. However, available imaging modalities (computed tomography [CT], conventional magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [PET]/CT) have limitations. The advent of new imaging techniques and novel molecular imaging agents have revealed molecular processes in the tumor microenvironment as an application for the early diagnosis and assessment of PM as well as real-time guided surgical resection, which has changed clinical management. In contrast to clinical imaging, which is purely qualitative and subjective for interpreting macroscopic structures, radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) capitalize on high-dimensional numerical data from images that may reflect tumor pathophysiology. A predictive model can be used to predict the occurrence, recurrence, and prognosis of PM, thereby avoiding unnecessary exploratory surgeries. This review summarizes the role and status of different imaging techniques, especially new imaging strategies such as spectral photon-counting CT, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and PET/MRI, for early diagnosis, assessment of surgical indications, and recurrence monitoring in patients with PM. The clinical applications, limitations, and solutions for fluorescence imaging, radiomics, and AI are also discussed.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.557-560
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• 2023

In this paper, we introduce a pre-training method leveraging the capabilities of the Vision Transformer (ViT) for disease diagnosis in conventional Fundus images. Recognizing the need for effective representation learning in medical images, our method combines the Vision Transformer with a Masked Autoencoder to generate meaningful and pertinent image augmentations. During pre-training, the Masked Autoencoder produces an altered version of the original image, which serves as a positive pair. The Vision Transformer then employs contrastive learning techniques with this image pair to refine its weight parameters. Our experiments demonstrate that this dual-model approach harnesses the strengths of both the ViT and the Masked Autoencoder, resulting in robust and clinically relevant feature embeddings. Preliminary results suggest significant improvements in diagnostic accuracy, underscoring the potential of our methodology in enhancing automated disease diagnosis in fundus imaging.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2024

Purpose: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning algorithms in dentistry, especially for processing radiographic images, has markedly increased. However, detailed information remains limited regarding the accuracy of these algorithms in detecting mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Specific keywords were generated regarding the accuracy of AI algorithms in detecting mandibular fractures on radiographic images. Then, the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool was employed to evaluate potential bias in the selected studies. A pooled analysis of the relevant parameters was conducted using STATA version 17 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA), utilizing the metandi command. Results: Of the 49 studies reviewed, 5 met the inclusion criteria. All of the selected studies utilized convolutional neural network algorithms, albeit with varying backbone structures, and all evaluated panoramic radiography images. The pooled analysis yielded a sensitivity of 0.971 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.881-0.949), a specificity of 0.813 (95% CI: 0.797-0.824), and a diagnostic odds ratio of 7.109 (95% CI: 5.27-8.913). Conclusion: This review suggests that deep learning algorithms show potential for detecting mandibular fractures on panoramic radiography images. However, their effectiveness is currently limited by the small size and narrow scope of available datasets. Further research with larger and more diverse datasets is crucial to verify the accuracy of these tools in in practical dental settings.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.759-770
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• 2022

인공지능의 연구 개발 및 활용에서 윤리의 중요성이 의료분야뿐 아니라 전 사회적으로 점차 널리 인식되고 있다. 이 종설은 영상의학 영상데이터를 인공지능 연구에 활용할 때 개인정보의 보호 및 데이터에 대한 권리 측면에서 윤리적으로 고려할 사항들에 대해서 국내 독자들에게 실용적인 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 따라서 이 글에 담긴 내용은 많은 부분이 관련된 국내 법과 정부 제도에 바탕을 두고 있다. 인공지능의 연구 개발 및 활용에서 개인정보 보호는 매우 중요한 윤리적 원칙이며 연구 데이터의 적절한 가명처리는 개인정보 보호를 위한 핵심 방법이다. 아울러 인공지능 연구 개발에 의료 데이터를 상업적 이해관계를 최소화하며 윤리적으로 공유할 필요성도 부각되고 있다. 연구 데이터 공유는 개인정보 유출의 위험을 증가시키므로 개인정보 보호에 더욱 주의가 필요하다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2024

본 논문은 반려견의 피부질환 발병 여부와 부위를 추론하기 위해서 딥러닝 기반 U-Net 모델을 학습하여 이미지 촬영을 통한 반려견의 피부병 발병 여부와 추론되는 병명을 제공하는 애플리케이션을 개발하였다. U-Net은 의료영상 분야에서 주로 사용되는 영역 분할(Image Segmentation) 기반 학습 모델로써 폴리곤 형태의 특정 이미지 영역을 구분하는 데 효과적이다. 따라서 반려견의 피부 이미지에서 병변 영역 식별에 활용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 반려견의 6가지 주요 피부질환을 클래스로 정의하고 이를 분별하는 U-Net 모델을 학습시켰다. 이를 모바일 앱으로 구현하여 간단한 카메라 촬영으로 병변 분석과 예측 작업을 수행하여 결과를 제공한다. 이를 통해서 반려인들은 반려동물의 건강 상태를 관찰하고 조기 진단에 도움이 되는 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 이와 같이 딥러닝을 통해서 반려동물 건강관리에 신속하고 정확한 진단 도구를 제공함으로써 가정에서도 손쉽게 이용할 수 있는 서비스 개발에 중요한 의미를 두고 있다.