• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2022

Every year, the number of wild animals appearing in human settlements increases, resulting in increased damage to property and human life. In particular, the damage is more severe when wild animals appear on highways or farmhouses. To solve this problem, ecological pathways and guide fences are being installed on highways. In addition, in order to solve the problem in farms, horn repelling using sensors, installing a net, and repelling by smell of excrement are being used. However, these methods are expensive and their effectiveness is not high. In this paper, we used YOLO (You Only Look Once), an AI-based image analysis method, to analyze harmful animals in real time to reduce malfunctions, and high-brightness LEDs and ultrasonic frequency speakers were used as extermination devices. The speaker outputs an audible frequency that only animals can hear, increasing the efficiency to only exterminate wild animals. The proposed system is designed using a general-purpose board so that it can be installed economically, and the detection performance is higher than that of the devices using the existing sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2019

최근 4차 산업혁명의 핵심 분야 중 하나인 인공지능에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 많은 기업들이 인공지능 스피커와 같은 제품을 출시하고 있으나 대부분 비서 역할만을 할 수 있도록 구성된 제품이 대부분이다. 그러나 학교와 같이 많은 사람이 존재하는 경우 시끄러운 환경에서 사용되고 있는 인공지능 스피커는 명령 인식이 제대로 되지 않아 실용도가 저하되는 단점을 가지고 있으며, 현재 인공지능 스피커는 단순한 질의응답 수준의 응대만 가능하여 다소 부족한 부분이 있다. 또한 인공지능의 급속한 발전으로 인공지능 스피커가 아닌 전자제품에 인공지능 비서 기능이 탑재된 제품도 새롭게 출시되어 인공지능 스피커가 필요 없을 수도 있기에, 본 논문에서는 학교와 같은 주변의 소음이 많이 발생하는 교육 환경에서도 소통이 가능한 인공지능 마이크를 활용할 수 있는 모델을 제안한다.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

As technologies have been developing, our lives are getting easier. Today we are surrounded by the new technologies such as AI and IoT. Moreover, the word, "smart" is a very broad one because we are trying to change our daily environment into smart one by using those technologies. For example, the traditional workplaces have changed into smart offices. Since the 3rd industrial revolution, we have used the touch interface to operate the machines. In the 4th industrial revolution, however, we are trying adding the speech recognition module to the machines to operate them by giving voice commands. Today many of the things are communicated with human by voice commands. Many of them are called AI things and they do tasks which users request and do tasks more than what users request. In the 4th industrial revolution, we use smartphones all the time every day from the morning to the night. For this reason, the privacy using phone is not guaranteed sometimes. For example, the caller's voice can be heard through the phone speaker when accepting a call. So, it is needed to protect privacy on smartphone and it should work automatically according to the user context. In this aspect, this paper proposes a method to adjust the voice volume for call to protect privacy on smartphone according to the user context.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2018

As the advantages of smart devices based on artificial intelligence and voice recognition become more prominent, Virtual Assistant is gaining popularity. Virtual Assistant provides a user experience through smart speakers and is valued as the most user friendly IoT device by consumers. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in people's perception of the key virtual assistant brand voice recognition. We collected tweets that included six keyword form three companies that provide Virtual Assistant services. The authors conducted semantic network analysis for the collected datasets and analyzed the feelings of people through sentiment analysis. The result shows that many people have a different perception and mainly about the functions and services provided by the Virtual Assistant and the expectation and usability of the services. Also, people responded positively to most keywords.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the users' expectation and expectation gap about the attributes of smart speaker as an intelligent agent, ie autonomy, sociality, responsiveness, activeness, time continuity, goal orientation. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted for smart speaker users and analyzed based on ground theory. Result has shown that people have huge expectation gap about the sociality and human-likeness of smart speakers, due to limitations in technology. The responsiveness of smart speakers was found to have positive expectation gap. For the memory of time-sequential information, there was an ambivalent expectation gap depending on the degree of information sensitivity and presentation method. We also found that there was a low expectation level for autonomous aspects of smart speakers. In addition, proactive aspects were preferred only when appropriate for the context. This study presents implications for designing a way to interact with smart speakers and managing expectations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.9-23
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• 2019

The artificial intelligence speaker market is in a new age of mounting displays. This study aimed to analyze the difference of experience using artificial intelligent speakers in terms of usage context, according to the presence or absence of displays. This was achieved by using semantic network analysis to determine how the online review texts of Amazon Echo Show and Echo Plus consisted of different UX issues with structural differences. Based on the physical context and the social context of the user experience, the ego network was constructed to draw out major issues. Results of the analysis show that users' expectation gap is generated according to the display presence, which can lead to negative experiences. Also, it was confirmed that the Multimodal interface is more utilized in the kitchen than in the bedroom, and can contribute to the activation of communication among family members. Based on these findings, we propose a user experience strategy to be considered in display type speakers to be launched in Korea in the future.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2023

Digitalization due to COVID-19 has rapidly developed artificial intelligence-based voice recognition technology. However, this technology causes unfair social problems, such as race and gender discrimination if datasets are biased against some groups, and degrades the reliability and security of artificial intelligence services. In this work, we compare and analyze accuracy-based unfairness in biased data environments using VGGNet (Visual Geometry Group Network), ResNet (Residual Neural Network), and MobileNet, which are representative CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) models of artificial intelligence. Experimental results show that ResNet34 showed the highest accuracy for women and men at 91% and 89.9%in Top1-accuracy, while ResNet18 showed the slightest accuracy difference between genders at 1.8%. The difference in accuracy between genders by model causes differences in service quality and unfair results between men and women when using the service.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated age differences of preference and trust ratings when the appearance of an artificial intelligent speaker resembles a human face. The appearance of the artificial intelligent speaker was presented in seven levels from robot face to human face. In addition, face stimuli were divided into gender (male and female) and age (20s / 60s). Participants evaluated the reliability and likability of each face stimulus on a 7-point scale. The results show that younger adults tend to prefer the face that was halfway between the robot and the human face, while older adults evaluated that the perceived reliability and likability were higher when the stimuli resembled the human face. When asked to choose the most preferred of the four face categories, all participants chose a younger face. However, with additional conditions including emoticon face and empty condition, older adults still preferred human face, while younger adults preferred emoticon face and empty condition. Taken together, older adults are more receptive to human faces than robotic faces in the context of artificial intelligence speakers. Because artificial intelligent speakers can play an important role in the elderly living alone, the present study will be a good reference in the design and development of artificial intelligent speakers for the elderly users.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.775-798
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• 2011

From Post-Modern Edo-language of Japan, it is possible to find expression formats related to current Tokyo language. However, in some cases, Tokyo language and Edo-language has the same format but different usage. One example is the ending portion of a sentence. This research investigates conclusive expressions of Edo-language in literary works excluding the usage of "ダ". Various formats of conclusive expressions appear in a conversation, and the usage is closely related to the speaker's sex, age, and social status. Also from the study, it was possible to see that the social relationship between a speaker and a listener and a conversation circumstance has an effect on the usage of conclusive expressions. In addition, usage does not conform to the current standard Japanese. 1. Currently "である(dearu)" format is seldom used in speaking, it is used with "だ" only in writing. The study found no case of "である(dearu)" in conclusive expressions but some use of "であろうて(dearoute) であらうな(dearouna)" "であったのう(deattanou) であったよ(deattayo)" only in old aged male. 2. "であります(dearimasu)" format is a typical Edo-language used by society-women (Japanese hostess who has a good education and an elegant speaking skills). This format was used once in "浮世風呂"(ukiyoburo) and 14 times in "梅?"(umegoyomi), but speakers were always a female. The reason for 14 occurrences in "梅?" is closely related to the fact that the main characters are society-women and genre is "人情本(ninjoubourn)" which is popular type of cultural literature (based on humanity and romance) in late Edo period. 3. "でござる" format is originally used as a respect-language but later changed to a polite language. The format is always used by male. It is a male language used by old aged people with a genteel manner such as a medical doctor, a retired man, or a funny-song writer. 4. "ございます(gozaimasu) ごぜへます(gozeemasu)" The study found the speaker's social status has a connection with the use of "ごぜへます(gozeemasu)" format. Which is "ございます(gozaimasu)" format but instead of [ai], long vowel [eː] is used. "ごぜへます(gozeemasu)" is more used by a female than a male and only used by young and mid-to-low class people. The format has a tough nuance and less elegant feel, therefore high class and/or educated ladies have a clear tendency to avoiding it

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

Recently, the nation has been suffering from a variety of problems, such as the rapid aging of the population and the weakening of the family's role due to rapid industrialization, such as the problem of supporting the elderly or the decline in the quality of supporting them. Among them, the issue of supporting the sentiment of the elderly is a major issue in terms of the quality of the stimulus. The best solution would be to resolve this issue of emotional support through various physical and human support. However, due to various limitations, access to efficient utilization of resources is being sought, among which support efforts through the convergence of digital technologies need to be noted. In this study, we took note of the problems of aging population shortage due to aging phenomenon and the problems of the emotional side of the problem of declining quality of the service, and analyzed the types of digital technology applied to support the emotional side through the convergence of digital technology. Among them, the Commission proposed emotional support through smart speakers, confirming the possibility of supporting the elderly through smart speakers. In addition, the Commission proposed guidelines for smart speaker communication systems to support the sentiment of older adults by conducting an in-depth interview with the In-Depth interview with the evaluation of the usability of smart speakers for older people. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will be the basic data for designing a communication system when developing smart speakers to support the emotions of the elderly.