• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2009

B. thuringiensis strain LY-99 belonging to subsp. alesti (H3a3c), was isolated from Chinese tobacco warehouse and showed significantly high toxicity to Plutella xylostella. For the identification of the cry1-type genes from B. thuringiensis LY-99, an extended multiplex PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) method was established by using two pairs of universal primers based on the conserved regions of the cry1-type genes to amplify around 2.4 kb cry1-type gene fragments. Then the DNA fragment was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and digested with EcoRI and EcoRV enzymes. Through this method, a known cry1-type gene was successfully identified from the reference strain, B. thuringiensis subsp. alesti. In addition, the RFLP patterns revealed that B. thuringiensis LY-99 included a novel cry1A-type gene in addition to cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Be and cry1Ea genes. The novel cry1A-type gene was designated cry1Ah2 (Genbank accession No DQ269474). An inverse PCR method was used to amplify the flank regions of cry1Ah2 gene. Finally, 3143 bp HindIII fragment from B. thuringiensis LY-99 plasmid DNA including 5' region and partial ORF was amplified, and sequence analysis revealed that cry1Ah2 gene from LY-99 showed 89.31% of maximum sequence similarity with cry1Ac1 crystal protein gene. In addition, the deduced amino acid sequence of Cry1Ah2 protein shared 87.80% of maximum identity with that of Cry1Ac2. This protein therefore belongs to a new class of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2699-2705
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• 2014

This study was to undertaken to investigate the impacts of AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms on the R273G mutation in exon 8 of the tumor suppressor p53 gene (TP53) among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposed to coke-oven workers. One hundred thirteen workers exposed to PAH and 82 control workers were recruited. We genotyped for polymorphisms in the AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and TP53 R273G mutation in blood by PCR methods, and determined the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene as PAH exposure marker in urine using the high pressure liquid chromatography assay. We found that the distribution of alcohol users and the urinary excretion of 1-OHP in the exposed workers were significantly higher than that of the control workers (p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively). Significant differences were observed in the p53 genotype distributions of smoking subjects (p=0.01, 95%CI: 1.23-6.01) and PAH exposure (p=0.008, 95%CI: 1.24-4.48), respectively. Further, significant differences were observed in the p53 exon 8 mutations for the genetic polymorphisms of Lys/Arg for AhR (p=0.02, 95%CI: 0.70-15.86), Val/Val for CYP1A1 (p=0.04, 95%CI: 0.98-19.09) and null for GSTM1 (p=0.02, 95%CI: 1.19-6.26), respectively. Our findings indicated that polymorphisms of PAH metabolic genes, such as AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphisms may interact with p53 genetic variants and may contribute to PAH related cancers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.32-34
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• 2005

Purpose: To investigate the metabolic changes in the motor and motor association cortices following axonal injury in the internal capsule that was caused by deep intracerebral hematoma. Materials and Methods: Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), the authors studied the primary motor cortices (M-1) and supplementary motor areas (SMA) of 9 hemiparetic patients with documentable hemiparesis of varying severity, and we studied 10 normal volunteers as controls. To measure the M-1 and SMA biochemical changes, 4 separate single volumes of interest (VOIs) were located bilaterally in the affected and unaffected hemisphere (AH and UH). Results: 1H MRS provided a neuronal and axonal viability index by measuring levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr). The M-1/SMA NAA/Cr ratios of the AH and UH in patients, and the AH and normal volunteers were compared. The NAA/Cr ratios of the M-1 and SMA in AH, and the SMA in UH were significantly lower than those of normal volunteers. Conclusion: These 1H MRS findings indicate that axonal injury in the descending motor pathway at the level of internal capsule could induce metabolic changes in the higher centers of the motor pathway.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2019

In this study, electrochemical characteristics of artificial graphite coated with petroleum pitch using solvent method as anode material of lithium ion battery were investigated. As the solvent, n-hexane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and quinoline were used. The surface of the prepared anode material was analyzed by SEM and TEM. Also the electrochemical performances of the prepared anode materials were performed by constant current first charge/discharge, cycle, cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests in the electrolyte of $LiPF_6$ dissolved inorganic solvents (EC:DEC=1:1 vol%). The coating thickness of the prepared graphite was about 100-500 nm and the graphite coated with THF solvent had a smoother surface than that using other solvents. It was found that pitch-coated graphite (THF) show the low initial irreversible capacity (51 mAh/g), the high discharge capacity (360 mAh/g) and coulombic efficiency (99%).

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.259-262
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• 2005

A fraction (CMEx-AH-${\beta}$) of water-soluble polysaccharides, showing selective antitumor activities, was isolated from the mycelia of solid cultured Agaricus blazei Murill by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and series of chromatography. Chemical characteristics of CMEx-AH-${\beta}$, were as follows: carbohydrate content, 48%; monosaccharide composition, Man:Glu:Gal (2:93:5); molecular weight, $2{\times}10^5$; uronic acid content, 6.2%. Fundamental structure of CMEx-AH-${\beta}$, was deduced as ${\beta}-(1\;{\rightarrow}\;6)$-D-glucan with ${\beta}-(1\;{\rightarrow}\;3)$-D-glucosidic side chains based on results of methylation and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopic analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2001

Since hypoxia-inducible factor-lalpha (HIF-lalpha) and the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) shared the AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt) for hypoxia- and AhR-mediated signaling, respectively, it was possible to establish the hypothesis that hypoxia could regulate Cyplal expression. In order to understand the mechanism of Cyplal gene expression, we demonstrated here that hypoxic agents such as cobalt chloride, desferrioxarnine, and picolinic acid reduced the TCDD induced Cyplal promoter activity based on the determination of luciferase activity in Hepa I cells transfected with pmCypla1-Luc. Also cobalt chloride inhibited the TCDD stimulated Cyplal mRNA level as well as EROD activities in both Hepa I and MCF-7 cells. Hypoxic agents such as cobalt chloride, picolinic acid, and desferrioxamine showed inhibition of luciferase activity that was induced by lnM TCDD treatment with dose dependent manner. Concomitant treatment of 150${\mu}$M ferrous sulfate with 1∼100${\mu}$M desferrioxarnine or 1∼100${\mu}$M picolinic acid recovered from the hypoxic agents-inhibited luciferase activity that was stimulated by TCDD. Reciprocally, the hypoxic agents down regulated TCDD induced Cyplal mRNA level and CYP1A1 enzyme activity in Hepa I cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.117-120
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• 2000

The relation of crystal phase and charge/discharge capacity of $Li[Li_yMn_{2-y}]O_4$ were studied for different degrees of Li substitution (y). All cathode material showed spinel phase based on cubic phase in X-ray diffraction. Other peaks didn't show in spite of the increase of y value in $Li[Li_yMn_{2-y}]O_4$. Ununiform of $Li[Li_yMn_{2-y}]O_4$ which calcinated by (111) face and (222) face was more stable than that of pure $LiMn_2O_4$. In addition, At TG analysis, calcined $Li[Li_{0.1}Mn_{1.9}]O_4$ exhibited much mass loss at $800{\mu}m$. The cycle performance of the $Li(Li_yMn_{2-y}]O_4$ was improved by the substitution of $Li^{1+}$ for $Mn^{3+}$ in the octahedral sites. Specially, $Li[Li_{0.08}Mn_{1.92}]O_4$ and $Li[Li_{0.1}Mn_{1.9}]O_4$ cathode materials showed the charge and discharge capacity of about 125mAh/g at first cycle, and about 95mAh/g after 70th cycle. It is excellent than that of pure $LiMn_2O_4$, which 125mAh/g at first cycle, 65mAh/g at 70th.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

Different amounts of excess lithium in the range of x = 0~0.3 were added to $Li_{1+x}[Mn_{0.720}Ni_{0.175}Co_{0.105}]O_2$ cathode materials synthesized using the co-precipitation method to investigate its microstructure and electrochemical properties. Pure layered structure without impurities was confirmed in the XRD pattern analysis and increasing peak intensity of $Li_2MnO_3$ was observed along with the addition of over 0.2 mol Li. The initial discharge capacity of the stoichiometric composition was determined to be 246 mAh/g, while the discharge capacity of the addition of 0.1 mol Li was obtained to be 241 mAh/g, which was not significantly different from that of the stoichiometric composition. However, the discharge capacities decreased dramatically after the addition of 0.2 and 0.3 mol Li to 162 mAh/g and 146 mAh/g, respectively. In the rate capability test, the active $Li_{1+x}[Mn_{0.720}Ni_{0.175}Co_{0.105}]O_2$ cathode material of the stoichiometric composition showed a dramatic decrease in its discharge capacity with increasing C-rate, as evidenced by the result that the discharge capacity at 5C was 13% compared with 0.1C. On the other hand, the discharge capacity of compositions containing excess lithium was improved at higher current rates. The cycling test showed that the composition containing an excess of 0.1 mol Li had the most outstanding capacity retention.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2011

The growth and tolerance for water temperature and salinity were compared among red sea bream Pagrus major (RSB) black sea bream Acanthopagrus schregeli (BSB) and their hybrid ($F_1$), female RSB ${\times}$ male BSB. The growth of the $F_1$ fish did not differ until 27 days after hatching (dAH), after which the most rapid growth was observed until approximately 300 dAH, followed by RSB and BSB. However, the RSB had out grown the $F_1$ fish by approximately 303 dAH. By 480 dAH, the RSB were largest, followed by the $F_1$ and BSB groups. The tolerances for high and low water temperature were significantly different for each species and growth stage. The largest tolerance spectrum was observed in the BSB group, and the tolerance spectrums gradually decreased with increasing final body weight. During the salinity tolerance trials, all of the species started to die following transfer into freshwater (0 psu). BSB showed the highest survival rate when kept in fresh water for an average of 29.9 hours, while the $F_1$ fish were more tolerant than the RSB fish. The fish were increasingly tolerant to fresh water and changes in water temperature as they grew, while the size of the temperature spectrum remained unchanged but shifted to a lower temperature range with growth. Our results demonstrate that $F_1$ performed well in terms of growth compared to parental fish, with higher temperature and salinity tolerances than RSB, and is thus suggested to be a suitable aquaculture species for Korea and northeast China.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.596-608
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical leakage and adaptation to the dentinal wall of a glass ionomer root canal cement(Ketac-Endo) with those of AH-26 and Tubli-Seal. 102 single-rooted teeth were insrumented with step-back technique and randomly divided into four groups according to kinds of root canal cements: Ketac-Endo, AH-26, Tubli-Seal, and no root canal cement. Four experimental groups were as follows; Group 1 : Filling with gutta-percha and Ketac-Endo Group 2 : Filling with gutta-percha and AH-26 Group 3 : Filling with gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal Group 4 : Filling with gutta-percha without root canal cement All the specimens were obturated with lateral condensation technique, and stored in 100% humidity for 4 days. 20 teeth in each group were placed in centrifuge tube filled with India ink, and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3,000 rpm. And they were evaluated for linear dye leakage using a stereoscope and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. 22 teeth were split longitudinally and evaluated the adaptation to the dentinal wall using scanning electron microscope(4 teeth in each group) and stereoscope(2 teeth in 1, 2, 3 group). The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In case of not used root canal cement(Group 4), there was showed much degree of dye penetration comparerd with used root canal cements (Group 1, 2, 3)(P<0.01). 2. In the case of used root canal cements(Group 1, 2, 3), there was no significant difference in linear leakage in groups(P>0.01). 3. In the case of used root canal cements(Group 1, 2, 3), there was showed intimate adaptation to the dentinal wall independent on kinds of root canal cements. 4. Fractured surfaces indicated failure of cohesion in Ketac-Endo, and failure of adhesion to dentine in AH-26 and Tubli-Seal. 5. According to similar apical leakage and adaptability to the dentinal wall to another root canal cements, it is possible to be used glass-ionomer cement as root canal cement.