• 한국항만학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.9-24
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• 1995

The intensification of the competition among container terminals has led to important affect such as, decision making or aggressive intervention of customers for terminal operation. Therefore, in case of developed ports, the large transition of port operation is composed of the press of terminal customer than decision making of terminal manager. Overall port tariffs for using terminal is made out by the conference of terminal customers than the supreme headquarters of terminal operation, and the related investment of terminal has been made according to requisition or proposal of customers. Therefore, among decision making problems that shippers, shipping companies, and freight forwarder among decision making problems that shippers, shipping companies, and freight forwarder face, the choice of the container terminal is one of the most important problems. So, the decision making of the users seems to have a significant impact on the competitive power of container terminals. The main objective of this study is to design port marketing strategy for strengthening the competitive power of container terminals. The results of this study were found as follows: Firstly, port authority should establish user-oriented operation policy of terminal as the means of activating the opinion window, using terminal monitoring system(TMS). Secondly, terminal planning and development of government should be made to minimize the lead time, to induce the civil capital and to utilize the economies of scale. Thirdly, port authority needs to endeavor to analyze the information of competing foreign terminals as well to promote the concentrated marketing for the terminal on the users, to train the expert and to develop the new port charge system. Fourthly, to improve the competitive power of the container terminal, Port Authority should optimize the subsystems related to port marketing, far more these systems should be joined organically to work effectively. Finally, port authority system should be introduced, Namely, port should have the enterprise inclination as well s the public inclination.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.265-280
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• 2023

터널누수는 주변지반의 응력 및 간극수압을 변화시켜 터널 안정성 및 지반변형에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 결함요소이다. 장기간 또는 큰 규모의 누수발생은 터널 라이닝의 불안정성 및 지표침하와 같은 터널 구조물 및 주변지반 환경에 손상을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 누수발생 시 터널의 구조 안정성 및 지반거동에 미치는 영향을 수치해석적으로 분석하였다. 고려된 터널은 내부로 주변 지하수의 유입을 허용하지 않는 비배수 조건으로 가정하였고 터널 완공 후 라이닝에서 누수가 발생하는 것으로 설정하였다. 누수로 인한 터널 구조물 및 지반의 거동을 모사하기 위해 수리역학 연계해석이 수행되었으며 파이썬으로 개발된 TOUGH-FLAC 시뮬레이터가 사용되었다. 누수 발생량과 누수위치를 변화시켜 수치모사가 수행되었으며 수리역학 해석을 위한 연계항들이 복합거동 결과에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2023

Purpose: Concomitant ankle injuries associated with tibial shaft fractures can affect postoperative ankle joint pain and various postoperative ankle complications. This study compared the clinical outcomes between surgical treatment and conservative treatment of concomitant ankle injuries associated with tibial shaft fractures. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to June 2020, a retrospective study was conducted on 118 tibia shaft fractures at the orthopedics department of the hospital. Associated ankle injuries were analyzed using plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and intraoperative stress exams. The clinical outcomes were compared using the pain visual analog scale (pain VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score (AOFAS score), and Karlsson-Peterson ankle score (KP score). Results: Seventy-two (61.02%) of the 118 cases were diagnosed with associated ankle injuries. Fifty-six cases underwent surgery for the ankle injury, and 16 cases underwent conservative treatment. The clinical results (according to the pain VAS score, AOFAS score, the KP score) were 1.79±1.26, 94.48±4.03, and 94.57±3.60, respectively, in the surgical treatment group, and 3.00±1.03, 91.06±3.02, and 91.25±3.31, respectively, in the conservative treatment group. Conclusion: Surgical treatment showed better clinical outcomes than conservative treatment in concomitant ankle injury in tibia fractures. Therefore, surgical treatment produces better clinical outcomes than conservative treatment in concomitant ankle injuries in tibia fractures. Hence to improve the clinical outcomes, more attention is needed on ankle joint injury in tibial shaft fractures for selecting suitable surgical treatments for those patients.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2023

Background: This study evaluated the clinical and radiologic outcomes of onlay patch augmentation in rotator cuff repair for moderate-to-large tears in elderly patients. Methods: We reviewed 24 patients who underwent onlay augmentation with dermal allograft after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from January 2017 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were patients aged >65 years with tears >2.5 cm, who were followed for >12 months after surgery, and patients who could raise their arms above 90° preoperatively. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score, pain visual analog scale (VAS), and VAS for satisfaction were used as clinical outcomes. For the evaluation of cuff integrity, magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed every 3 months after surgery. The results were compared before and after surgery in all patients and between the retear and intact groups. Results: The average follow-up period was 16.38 months, and the mean age of patients was 71.05 years. All patients showed significant improvement in ASES score, Constant-Murley score, and pain VAS at the last evaluation. The average value of satisfaction VAS was 7.27/10. The retear rate was 25% (6/24) if Sugaya type 3 was categorized in the retear group, otherwise 16.7% (4/24), if Sugaya type 3 was categorized into the intact group. Irrespective of Sugaya type 3 being included in the retear group, there was no significant difference in outcome variables between the intact and retear groups during follow-up. Conclusions: In moderate-to-large rotator cuff tear in elderly patients, onlay patch augmentation improved clinical outcomes. Retear did not adversely affect clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Purpose: Dental fear hinders patients from receiving appropriate dental treatment. In particular, the noise generated by high-speed air turbines and ultrasonic scalers can adversely affect patients. Many efforts have been made to reduce the discomfort caused by noise, but no methods are definitively recommended. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of active noise-canceling (ANC) headphones in reducing the pain and discomfort associated with dental scaling. Methods: Fifty-five patients requiring scaling and root planing, aged ≥19 years and showing no auditory problems, were included. Scaling was performed for the bilateral maxillary molars and premolars while patients wore headphones, with ANC turned either on or off. The degree of noise and pain reduction in the on and off conditions were surveyed using a visual analog scale (VAS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare noise-and pain-related discomfort with ANC turned on and off. Results: The sample included 28 men and 27 women with a mean age of 45.45±13.12 years. The average noise-related discomfort score was 3.84±2.12 and 2.95±1.99 when noise-canceling was turned off and on, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Similarly, the average pain-related discomfort score was 3.78h±2.00 and 3.09±1.96 when noise-canceling was turned off and on, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: The use of ANC headphones seems to reduce the discomfort caused by noise and pain in patients undergoing scaling.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2012

본 연구는 고랭지배추의 생산·유통체계에 대한 문제점을 분석하고 개선과제를 제시하는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를위해 고랭지배추를 생산하는 생산자, 산지유통인, 도매시장 종사자, 대형마트 구매담당자에 대한 심층적인 인터뷰를 통해 유용한 정보들을 수집하여 분석하였고 또한 고랭지배추 주산지의 생산과 도매시장의 유통체계 현황에 대한 자료들을 분석하여 고랭지배추의 생산·유통체계에 대한 매우 유용한 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 결론적으로 고랭지배추의 생산·유통체계에 대한 현황분석을 통해 개선방안들이 제시되었는 데 첫째는 고랭지배추 비가림재배 방법의 도입을 통해 생산의 안정성을 도모하고, 둘째는 고랭지배추 유통정보에 대한 투명성을 제고시키며, 셋째는 고랭지배추의 주산지로부터 소비자에 이르기까지의 물류체계 개선을 위해 단계적으로 콜드체인시스템을 구축하는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.330-340
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Emotional eating is one of the eating behaviors in which negative emotions affect eating. During the luteal phase, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its associated psychological and physical symptoms can appear in some women, and a few of them suffer from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS. Some women diagnosed with PMS/PMDD experience emotional eating during the luteal phase, which may be a coping mechanism for psychological stress. This study aimed to investigate how PMS/PMDD and negatively perceived stress are related to emotional eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 409 women aged 20 to 39 yrs with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m² participated in this study. Participants who responded to all the questions of the Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form, Negative Perceived Stress Scale, and Emotional Eater Questionnaire were divided into a PMDD and a non-PMDD group according to the cut-off value for PMDD diagnosis. Independent t-tests and mediation analyses were performed to compare the 2 groups. RESULTS: No significant differences between the 2 groups were found in terms of BMI; however, the average values for emotional eating, PMS, and negative perceived stress of the PMDD group were significantly higher than those of the non-PMDD group. Only negative perceived stress had a significant effect on emotional eating in the non-PMDD group. In the PMDD group, PMS was statistically significant for both negative perceived stress and emotional eating mediated by negative perceived stress. Consequently, it appeared to have a partial or complete mediation depending on the independent variable for the PMDD group. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of managing negative perceived stress to control emotional eating in PMS/PMDD for improved women's health.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2023

Strabismus is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object and it can negatively affect the quality of life. This case is a report on a strabismus patient who received Korean medicine treatment including scalp acupuncture. Scalp acupuncture, body acupuncture, and herbal medicine were performed on a patient diagnosed with strabismus and diplopia. The improvement of symptoms was evaluated by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Scott and Kraft Score (SK score), and change of symptoms and progress of diplopia. NRS decreased by more than 85%, and the SK score gradually changed from -4 to 0, which means strabismus mostly recovered, and the symptom and progress of diplopia were reduced. In this study, it is considered that Korean medical treatment including scalp acupuncture is useful for strabismus patients.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2007

심층혼합처리공법은 항만기초, 토류벽구조, 차수벽 및 가시설, 그리고 거축기초와 교량기초 등에서 다양하게 사용되어오고 있다. 이 공법은 지반개량을 통한 침하방지와 안정성확보를 위한 지반강도를 확보하기 위해 시멘트와 혼화제를 현장토와 혼합하는데 있어서 가장 효율적이고 경제적이어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 교반날개의 각도, 교반속도 등에서 다양한 교반조건을 적용하여 실내실험을 수행하였다. 실내실험은 현장 타설장비를 1:8 비율로 축소하여 제작하였다. 최적의 교반조건을 도출하기 위하여 다양한 교반조건에 따른 심층혼합처리 개량체의 강도를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 심층혼합처리공법의 교반조건은 개량체의 강도와 형상에 아주 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.185-202
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• 2022

Purpose - As overseas direct purchase transactions using e-commerce increase, the scale and scope of international trade are diversified, and the transaction volume using online platforms in e-commerce is increasing. The e-commerce market share will become more important because it is not only a medium connecting B2C, but also because it will expand the scope of trade. This study aims to reveal the factors that influence purchase intention according to Korean-Chinese consumers in e-commerce. In addition, the study has comprehensively confirmed the influence between each factor in the e-commerce environment by integrating and analyzing the characteristic factors of online information sources and platforms in one structural equation. Finally, the study confirmed that there is a significant difference in the influence relationship between Korean and Chinese consumers. Through this, the study will contribute to content production in the e-commerce market according to the target market and the expansion of the mutual entry of Korea and China. Design/methodology - This study aims to confirm the mediating effect of the details of the online information source characteristics and platform characteristics when the perceived quality affects purchase intention. It is confirmed that the factors affecting Korean and Chinese consumers differ. Findings - It was confirmed that differences exist according to the group of Korean or Chinese consumers for the entire research model. In the case of Korean consumers, the mediating factors when perceived quality affects purchase intention are expertise, reliability, entertainment, informativity, and convenience; in the case of Chinese consumers, the factors are expertise and informativity. Originality/value - This study proved that Korean and Chinese consumers cannot be regarded as having the same characteristics, and therefore, strategies aimed at each e-commerce market should be differentiated. In addition, although previous studies on online information sources and platform characteristics were not integrated, this study confirmed a significant influence relationship among the factors that could affect purchase intention in the actual e-commerce environment.