• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of whole egg supplementation on the blood lipid profiles and cholesterol levels of C57BL/6 mice. Sixty-six mice were divided into two groups: normal-diet supplemented and high-cholesterol diet supplemented. Lyophilized whole egg powder was mixed with the two diets at 2 and 10%: normal diet only, normal diet with 2 and 10% whole egg powder, high cholesterol diet only, high cholesterol diet with 2 and 10% whole egg powder. The mixed diets were fed for 5 wk and feeding condition (body weight change, feed intake, and feed efficiency ratio (FER)), blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic and fecal lipids (TG, TC)), and fecal bile acids were determined. No significant differences were found in body weight gain or FER after whole egg supplementation in both the normal and high-cholesterol diet fed groups. In the normal-diet fed mice, HDL-C increased significantly in the 2 and 10% whole-egg powder groups. In the high-cholesterol diet fed mice, administering 10% egg powder increased the atherogenic index compared to the control. Furthermore, administration of whole egg powder increased fecal bile acids dose dependently (p<0.05). These results indicate that administering 2% hen whole egg powder did not affect blood lipid profiles and was more beneficial for health by increasing HDL-C and aiding in the excretion of cholesterol by fecal bile acids than those in the control.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.269-279
• /
• 2002

To investigate the change of perception after weight management education in elementary, middle and high school students, a survey was conducted. Same questionnaire was administered twice, before and after weight management education, to 426 students at 9 schools in Seoul area. The mean height, weight and body mass index were 145.5$\pm$8.0cm, 40.0$\pm$8.3kg, 18.6$\pm$3.0 for elementary school students, 160.1$\pm$5.2cm, 50.2$\pm$7.3kg, 19.5$\pm$2.4 for middle school students, and 162.2$\pm$5.0cm, 52.2$\pm$6.4kg, 19.8$\pm$2.3 for high school students, respectively. Before education, their preferred weight and perceived healthy weight was 35.4kg and 37.0kg among elementary school students, 44.8kg and 46.5kg among middle school students, and 47.3kg and 48.9kg among high school students, respectively. Differences between their present body weight and their preferred weight and/or perceived healthy weight appeared to be 4.5kg and 2.9kg in elementary school students, 5.6kg and 4.0kg in middle school students, and 5.1kg and 3.3kg in high school students, respectively. After administering education, the differences decreased to 2.5kg and -0.2kg in elementary school students, 4.2kg and 2.7kg in middle school students, and 4.3kg and 2.0kg in high school students, respectively (p<0.01). And their perception on own body shape was investigated using 5 point scale ('too lean' to 'too fat', 1 to 5) before and after education. The mean values changed from 3.1 to 2.8 in elementary school students, from 3.3 to 3.0 in middle school students, and from 3.4 to 3.2 in high school students (p<0.01). Their satisfaction with own body weight was monitored using 5 point scale ('very satisfied' to 'very unsatisfied', 1 to 5), also. The mean values changed from 3.0 to 2.7 in elementary school students, from 3.6 to 3.2, in middle school students, and from 3.8 to 3.4 in high school students (p<0.01). In the evaluation of their nutrition knowledge about weight control using 10 item quiz, before and after education, the mean quiz score was changed from 6.3 to 7.0 in elementary school students, from 7.0 to 7.9 in middle school students, and from 7.5 to 8.1 in high school students (p<0.01). In summary, nutrition education on weight management improved the subject's perception on perceived healthy weight and own body shape, and satisfaction with present body weight. This result suggests that nutrition education program should incorporate strategies to change incorrect beliefs and knowledge regarding weight control. Onto this, weight control education for students should start from their early age, be repeated periodically and consistently, and focus on the harmful effects of excessive weight loss and information on the practical and scientific ways of weight management.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2007

An evaluation of the influence of nutritional health camp for in obese elementary students was assessed. Anthropometric measurement, 24-hour recall of dietary intake, MMTIC(Murphy-Meisgeier Type Indicator for Children) and questionnaire response(nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, and self-satisfaction) was documented in 43 obese elementary students(29 boys and 14 girls). The mean age of the elementary students was 11.2 years. The mean height, body weight and obesity index was 144.7 cm, 55.4 kg and 41.0% in boys, and 136.1 cm, 45.2 kg, 40.0% in girls. The mean energy intake was 1,522.4 kcal in boys and 1,494.9 kcal in girls. The subjects taking less than estimated average requirement(EAR) for vitamin ${B_2}$, folate, vitamin C and calcium was over 70%. A considerable number of students(65.1%) showed U band(undetermined character). The students demonstrated a propensity towards increased average nutritional knowledge and self-satisfaction after attending the nutritional health camp. In addition, a significant increase in average nutritional attitude was observed(p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that nutritional health camp positively influenced the nutritional attitude of elementary students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.1666-1671
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide trustworthy nutritional information by analyzing sugar contents of commercial retort foods. A total of 70 retort food samples were collected, which included curry (n=21), blackbean- sauce (n=16), sauce (n=17), and meat (n=16) from markets in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Contents of sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose were analyzed in retort foods by using a high performance liquid chromatography-refractive index detector and compared to their assigned values on nutritional information labels. Analyzed sugar contents of curries, black-bean-sauces, sauces, and meats ranged from 1.05~4.63 g/100 g, 1.76~5.16 g/100 g, 0.35~25.44 g/100 g, and 1.98~11.07 g/100 g, respectively. Sauces were found to contain the highest amounts of total sugar. These analysis values were equivalent to the reference values indicated on nutrition labels, which were 40~119.5% for curries, 29~118% for black-bean-sauces, 18~118% for sauces, and 70~119.8% for meats. Therefore, this study provides reliable analytical values for sugar contents in retort foods.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine arterial stiffness levels as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and to identify the association between arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers, in healthy adults over 50 years old. Methods: The study population consisted of 4617 persons over the age of 50 years who participated in the baseline survey of the Dong-gu Study, which was conducted in 2007 and 2008. Arterial stiffness was measured using baPWV. A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between conventional cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers, including white blood cell (WBC) counts, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT). Results: After adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors including sex, age, smoking status, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, hypertension or diabetic medication, total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and alanine aminotransferase, baPWV was significantly associated with WBC counts (${\beta}$=0.158, p<0.0001), hs-CRP (${\beta}$=0.244, p=0.026), and GGT (${\beta}$=0.003, p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows that arterial stiffness correlates with inflammatory markers. Arterial stiffness may be used as a composite risk factor to identify persons with higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, arterial stiffness may be a marker for future cardiovascular disease and a target for prevention.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 2000

Background: To evaluate airway responses and inflammation to antigen in Sprague-Dawley rat asthma model, we examined airway responses, serial histologic changes of the lung, and the relationship between airway responses and airway inflammation after antigen airway challenge. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized with subcutaneous injection of 10 ${\mu}g$ ovalbumin(OA). Antigen airway challenges were done 14~16 days after sensitization and the sensitized rats were sacrificed 1h($A_E$), 6~8h($A_L$) and 1day($A_D$) after airway challenge, to examine the histologic changes of the lung. Airway responses were measured by body plethysmograph and recorded by enhanced pause(Penh) as an index of airway obstruction 6~8h after antigen challenges. Nonsensitized controls(10 rats) were also challenged with antigen and sacrificed 1 day later. Histopathologic examination of two trachea, large bronchi, small bronchi, and vessels was performed to evaluate the severity of inflammation and eosinophilic infiltration with H&E stain. Results: In 17 of 20 rats(85%) in both groups, we observed airway responses. Among them, an early response(ER) in 15 rats(75%), an dual response in 5(25%), and an late response(LR) only in 2 rats(10%) displayed. There were no significant differences in the severity of inflammation among the trachea, large bronchi, small bronchi and vessels in all groups after antigen challenge(p>0.05) and between early and late responders. The significant eosinophil infiltration was observed in 5 rats(50%) of AL(p<0.05) compared with in AE and controls. Also, eosinophil infiltration was observed in higher trend in LR(57.1%) compared to ER(40%)(p>0.05). Conclusion: Sprague-Dawley rats sensitized with subcutaneous injection of OA showed a significant airway responses to antigen challenge. But antigen challenges caused a little eosinophil infiltration and no significant airway inflammation. Asthma model of Sprague-Dawley rats could be useful for antigen-induced airway responses, but this model has a limitation for the study of human asthma because of no significant pathologic change.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.398-403
• /
• 2023

Process-based K-cabbage model is based on physiological processes such as photosynthesis and phenology, making it possible to predict crop growth under different climate conditions that have never been experienced before. Current first-stage process-based models can be used to assess climate impact through yield prediction based on climate change scenarios, but no comparison has been performed between big data obtained from the main production area and model prediction so far. The aim of this study was to find out the direction of model improvement when using the current model for yield prediction. For this purpose, model performance evaluation was conducted based on data collected from farmers growing 'Chungwang' cabbage in Taebaek and Samcheok, the main producing areas of Chinese cabbage in highland region. The farms surveyed in this study had different cultivation methods in terms of planting date and soil water and nutrient management. The results showed that the potential biomass estimated using the K-cabbage model exceeded the observed values in all cases. Although predictions and observations at the time of harvest did not show a complete positive correlation due to limitations caused by the use of fresh weight in the model evaluation process (R²=0.74, RMSE=866.4), when fitting the model based on the values 2 weeks before harvest, the growth suitability index was different for each farm. These results are suggested to be due to differences in soil properties and management practices between farms. Therefore, to predict attainable yields taking into account differences in soil and management practices between farms, it is necessary to integrate dynamic soil nutrient and moisture modules into crop models, rather than using arbitrary growth suitability indices in current K-cabbage model.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.267-280
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the contents of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg for 4333 samples with 2 09 types of herbal medicines distributed in Seoul area from 2019 to 2021, and evaluated risk assessment according to medicinal part used and origin. The contents of heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer. The average contents (mg/kg) of heavy metals by medicinal parts were 0.123 to 1.290 for Pb, 0.018 to 0.131 for Cd, 0.034 to 0.290 for As, and 0.003 to 0.015 for Hg. The contents of Pb were higher in Leaves and Whole Herbs (above-ground part) than underground part (Radix & Rhizoma) (ANOVA-test, p < 0.05). The contents of Cd were high in Leaves, Radix & Rhizoma, and Stems & Woods (ANOVA-test, p <0 .05), and exceeded regulatory limits in various types. Levels of Pb, Cd concentrations exceeding regulatory limits were observed in 8, 22 samples (8, 14 types). No sample exceeded regulatory limits of As and Hg. In the comparison between countries of origin, the contents of Cd, As, and Hg were high in imported herbal medicines (t-test, p < 0.05). As a result of the risk assessment, except for Thujae Orientalis Folium and Spirodelae Herba, the MOE values of Pb were all 1 or more, and most samples were safe. The Hazard Index (HI) for Cd, As, and Hg were evaluated to be less than 100 % even if the risk (%) of each heavy metal was added, and the risk from taking herbal medicines was evaluated to be safe.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.322-334
• /
• 2024

This study investigated the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) and SO₂ and conducted a risk assessment of 1,340 samples of 60 herbs used for food and medicine in Seoul between 2019 and 2023. The analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a mercury analyzer, and the Monier-Williams method. The mean values and ranges of the heavy metals were as follows: Pb, 0.327 mg/kg (not detectable [ND]-36.933); Cd, 0.083 mg/kg (ND-1.700); As, 0.075 mg/kg (ND-2.200); and Hg, 0.004 mg/kg (ND-0.047). Pb exceeded the permissible limit of 36.933 mg/kg in one sample of Poria Sclerotium. Cd exceeded the permissible limit of 1.700 mg/kg and 0.650 mg/kg in the two samples of Chrysanthemi Zawadskii Herba. The mean and range of SO₂ was 0.75 mg/kg (ND-192.00), with two samples of Gastrodiae Rhizoma exceeding the permissible limit at 192.00 mg/kg and 42.00 mg/kg. Pb was highest in the perithecium (1.377 mg/kg), followed by Cd in the cortex (0.156 mg/kg) and caulis (0.144 mg/kg), As in leaves (0.149 mg/kg), and Hg in the herba (0.009 mg/kg) and leaves (0.009 mg/kg). SO₂ was the highest in the rhizomes (4.12 mg/kg). The Pb, Cd, and Hg levels did not differ significantly between the domestic, Chinese, and imported products; however, As and SO₂ levels were the highest in the Chinese products. As a result of the risk assessment, all the margins of exposure (MOE) values of Pb, except for Poria Sclerotium, were ≥1, indicating that most samples were safe. The hazard index (HI) for Cd, As, and Hg were <100%, indicating a safety level for food and medicine. In addition, the HI for SO₂ did not exceed 1 for any of the items, indicating safe levels.