• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 1992

The influence of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and peracetic acid treatment on in sacco digestion of aspen was evaluated in three non-lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows fed a diet containing 90% forage and 10% concentrate on a DM basis. AHP treatment decreased lignin concentration by 40 to 60% resulting in increased concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose. Lignin concentrations in peracetic acid treated samples were less than 10% of values for control samples. In sacco disappearance rates of aspen DM, NDF, ADF and cellulose increased (p<.05) with AHP and peracetic acid treatment. Effective degradability of DM, NDF, ADF and cellulose were determined at a ruminal outflow rate of $.05h^{-1}$. Effective degradabilities of AHP treated aspen were approximately three-fold greater and peracetic acid treated samples five-fold greater than untreated control samples. For all parameters measured, peracetic acid treatment resulted in higher (p<.05) digestion coefficients than AHP treated aspen. Results demonstrate that peracetic acid or AHP treatment can enhance the nutritive value of aspen sawdust for ruminants to a level comparable to that reported for many forages.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1189-1194
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• 2004

The adsorption isotherms of N2 onto the metallic silver treated activated carbon fiber samples after acid treatment are Type I with a small amount of capillary condensation hysteresis. Increasing amount of acid treatment leads to a decrease in SBETs and external surface area. But, micropore volume and average pore diameter are presented in constant regular values with increasing amount of sulfuric acid treatment. SEM observes the surface morphology and crystal grown state of metal on the fiber surface. The results of EDX of Ag-activated carbon fiber pre-treated with acid show the spectra corresponding to almost all samples rich in silver with increasing the amount of acid treated. The FT-IR spectra of Ag-activated carbon fiber show that the acid pre-treatment is consequently associated with the homogeneous dispersion of metal with the increased surface acidity of the activated carbon fiber. The type and quality of oxygen groups are determined with Boehm titration method. From the those results, a positive influence of the acidic groups on the carbon fiber surface by acid treatment is also demonstrated by an increase in the contents of metallic silver with increasing of acidic groups.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.221-228
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• 2021

In this work, the post-treatment using organic acids during hair dyeing process was used to maintain hair color and to decrease hair damage. The effect of post-treatment using succinic acid and tartaric acid during hair dyeing process with cherry red and blue silver color on the persistence of hair color, tensile strength of hair, hair porosity, and surface characteristics of hair was investigated. After the repeated shampooing process, the experimental group with succinic acid and tartaric acid could more efficiently maintain the hair color than control group. The experimental group with succinic acid and tartaric acid could also increase the tensile strength of hair, decrease the hair porosity, and smoothen the hair surface, compared with control group. Particularly, tartaric acid was able to maintain the color of the dyed hair and protect the hair with higher efficiency than succinic acid.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-101
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• 1997

The biosynthesis of phospholipid and the composition of fatty acid in C. ellipsoidea mitochondria treated with antibiotics(cycloheximide, nalidixic acid) during the culture analyzed. The growth of Chlorella and the contents of total lipid in mitochondria treated with antibiotics were lower than those of the control. The synthesis of PC (phosphatidylcholine) and PI(phosphatidylinostiol) were inhibited in the nalidixic acid treatment and also the contents of PC(phosphatidylcholine), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG(phosphatidylglycerol) and PI(phosphatidylinositol) in the cycloheximide treatment were also inhibited. The major fatty acids utilized for the various phospholipids formation in each antibiotics treatment were analyzed stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid at the late phase of the culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 1996

The effects of stearic(18 : 0, SA), oleic(18 : 1 cis, OA) and elaidic acid(18 : 1 trans, EA) on the cell growth, contents of cellular lipids, and the fatty acid composition of cellular and medium lipids in Hep-G$_2$cells were evaluated. The cells were incubated in serum-free medium containing 25, 50, 100 and 200$\mu$M of a fatty acid combined with albumin for 2 days. The fatty acid concentration up to 100$\mu$M showed the normal growth, but the cell growth decreased in the presence of 200$\mu$M fatty acid. The treatment of cells with 100$\mu$M of a fatty acid for two days significantly(p<0.05) increased the cellular triglyceride(TG) content in all fatty acid groups compared to control, but TG contents was not significantly different among all treatment group, but total cholesterol(TC) was the highest level in EA group. The level of free cholesterol(FC) and cholesteryl ester(CE) was similar to those of TC in all fatty acid treated group. The cellular phospholipid(PL) contents were similar between the control and all fatty acid groups. The treatment of cells with SA has no notable effects on the fatty acid composition of TG, CE and PL. The OA treatment caused significant increases in CE(51.2%) and PL(29.8%), but not in TG. The EA treatment resulted in 10.1, 10.7 and 7.8% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$ content in cellular TG, CE, and PL. The TG, CE and PL of medium were relatively similar between SA and OA groups. In EA treated group, TG, CE and PL of medium contained 17.0%, 0.7% and 5.6% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to examine the combined effect of fumaric acid with mild heat on the inactivation of microorganisms on spinach. Spinach leaves were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Based on the results of single treatment of fumaric acid (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) or mild heat (40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$) regarding the inactivation of the inoculated bacteria, the optimal condition for the combined treatment was suggested to be 0.5% fumaric acid and mild heat treatment at $50^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The combined treatment of fumaric acid with mild heat caused 2.53 and 2.62 log reductions of the populations of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. In addition, during storage of fresh spinach at $4^{\circ}C$ for 12 d, the combined treatment reduced initially the populations of total aerobic bacteria by 2.77 log CFU/g compared with the control. In particular, after 12 d of storage, the population of total aerobic bacteria for the combined treatment sample was 4.84 log CFU/g, whereas the control sample had 6.66 log CFU/g. Color and vitamin C content of spinach samples were not altered significantly by the combined treatment during storage. These results indicate that the combined treatment of fumaric acid with mild heat is an effective method to control microorganisms on spinach during storage.

• Carbon letters
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

In this work, thermal treatment accompanied with different acid treatments was applied to a commercial coal tar pitch (CTP) to obtain a spinnable precursor pitch for carbon fiber. In the case of thermal treatment only, a relatively high reaction temperature of between $380^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ was required to obtain a softening point (SP) range of $220^{\circ}C-260^{\circ}C$ and many meso-phase particles were created during the application of high reaction temperature. When nitric acid or sulfuric acid treatment was conducted before the thermal treatment, the precursor pitch with a proper SP range could be obtained at reaction temperatures of $280^{\circ}C-300^{\circ}C$, which were about $100^{\circ}C$ lower than those for the case of thermal treatment only. With the acid treatments, the yield and SP of the precursor pitch increased dramatically and the formation of meso-phase was suppressed due to the lower reaction temperatures. Since the precursor pitches with acid and thermal treatment were not spinnable due to the inhomogeneity of properties such as molecular weight distribution and viscosity, the CTP was mixed with ethanol before the consecutive nitric acid and thermal treatments. The precursor pitches with ethanol, nitric acid, and thermal treatments were easily spinnable, and their spinning and carbon fiber properties were compared to those of air blowing and thermal treated CTP.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Using the methods which described in ISO 4588, ASTM D2651 and the selected literature, we investigated the best conditions of acid treatment for stainless steel and carbon steel. The acid treatments were conducted with four different acid solutions which were prepared for stainless steel and carbon steel specimen. We observed the contact angle and morphology and roughness of the metal surface and the thickness change at various treatment conditions as treatment temperature and time. Also, we investigated the characteristics of the surface aging according to air exposure after surface treatment. As a result, the optimal temperature of the acid treatment for stainless steel and carbon steel were each obtained at $83^{\circ}C$ and $63^{\circ}C$. Also, it was confirmed that the acid treatments for the metal surface were accompanied with the decrease of thickness and the change of surface morphology due to significant erosion that depend on treatment methods. And also, it was characterized that the aspect of surface aging by air exposure was highly depended on the method of acid treatment.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.100-102
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• 1991

The features of waste water from by-product silk treatment of silk reeling process were investigated and the lipid extracted from waste water was analysed. The COD of waste water from by-product silk treatment was at the level of 605 mgO/$\ell$ Total Dissolved Solid Particles 2,335mg/$\ell$and Total Suspended Solid Particles 2,123mg/$\ell$. The lipid extracted from the waste water from by-product silk treatment was composed of triglyceride 76.8%, free fatty acids 12.5%, diglyceride 5.7% and free sterol 5.0%. In fatty acid composition of lipid, the content of loeic acid, linoleic and linolenic acid was 64.93%, whereas that of palmitic acid was 29.39% and stearic acid 4.93%.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.409-417
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• 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with progressive deterioration in PD patients. Previous studies have shown that sinapic acid has a neuroprotective effect, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. The neuroprotective effect of sinapic acid was assayed in a PD mouse model generated by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) as well as in SH-SY5Y cells. Target protein expression was detected by western blotting. Sinapic acid treatment attenuated the behavioral defects and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the PD models. Sinapic acid also improved mitochondrial function in the PD models. MPTP treatment increased the abundance of mitochondrial fission proteins such as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and phospho-Drp1 Ser616. In addition, MPTP decreased the expression of the REV-ERB α protein. These changes were attenuated by sinapic acid treatment. We used the pharmacological REV-ERB α inhibitor SR8278 to confirmation of protective effect of sinapic acid. Treatment of SR8278 with sinapic acid reversed the protein expression of phospho-Drp1 Ser616 and REV-ERB α on MPTP-treated mice. Our findings demonstrated that sinapic acid protects against MPTP-induced PD and these effects might be related to the inhibiting abnormal mitochondrial fission through REV-ERB α.