• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.548-556
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of antioxidant enzyme activity and radical scavenging activities of cucumber grown greenhouse. The analytic method of antioxidant activities were measured by estimating DPPH free radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging ability activity and ABTS radical scavenging ability. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Jangjukcheongjang was the highest in most of the growth stage. The Nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2 was more than 40% in all cultivars and growth stages. The ABTS radical scavenging ability of Jangjukcheongjang and Nulpureuncheongjang showed relatively little higher than Janghyeongnakhap and Sinjoeunbaekdadagi. The SOD activity showed higher activity than 95% in all cultivars and growth stages. The activity of CAT was highest in the Nulpureuncheongjang of 2 (12~16cm) growth stage, and the APX activity of Nulpureuncheongjang and Janghyeongnakhap showed a relatively high activity. The POX activity showed distinctly different trends depending on the growth stage, and that is, the activity at harvest stage was significantly reduced. These results suggest that the cucumber had the potent biological activities, and that in the future, the availability of cucumber will be increase in the field of high-value cosmetic and food products.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetone and water) from canola meal. As the concentration of all extracts increased, antioxidant activities increased gradually. Among solvent extracts from canola meal, methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activities with $EC_{50}$ values of 0.9, 3.5, 1.3, and 8.5 mg/mL for DPPH radical scavenging ability, ABTS radical scavenging ability, reducing power, and chelating ability, respectively, and it had the highest total phenolics and total flavonoids contents. Furthermore, methanol extract was fractionated into three fractions (MF 1, MF 2, and MF 3) using Sephadex LH-20 column. The highest antioxidant activity was found on MF 2 for DPPH radical scavenging ability, on MF 3 for ABTS radical scavenging ability and reducing power, and on MF 1 for chelating ability at the same concentration of 1.5 mg/mL. The results indicated that each fraction containing various antioxidant materials seemed to have different influence at each antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2020

In this study, Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) cultivar 'Willamette' fruit extract(RIFE) was prepared from the freeze-dried raspberry powder, n-hexane and ethyl acetate, and then the phenolic compound content, ferric reducing ability, and radical scavenging ability were measured. The raspberry cultivar 'willamette', 'polka', and 'polana' compound fruit extract did not show cytotoxicity up to the concentration of 10%. As a result of conducting an experiment at the concentration, it was confirmed that the total phenolic compound content was 375.3 ppm, and the total flavonoid content was 43.46 ppm, and the ferric reducing ability by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reagent was equivalent to FeSO4 0.532 mM. It was confirmed that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability was 94.5 ± 0.7%, and the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging ability was 99.4 ± 2.82%, and the nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity was 88.5 ± 0.4%. When compared with the L-ascorbic acid 'standard' solution, DPPH radical scavenging ability was between 25 - 50 ppm / ABTS radical scavenging ability was close to 100 ppm / NO radical scavenging ability was more than 1,000 ppm. These results suggest that the raspberry cultivar 'willamette' fruit extract could be applied as an effective cosmetic material with antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2008

This study used response surface methodology (RSM) in an effort to optimize the hot water extraction conditions of dandelion leaves in order to increase antioxidant activity in the extract. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables, which included the ratio of solvent to sample ($X_1$), extraction temperature ($X_2$), and extraction time ($X_3$), on dependent variables of the extracts, including soluble solid ($Y_1$), total polyphenols ($Y_2$), total flavonoid ($Y_3$), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability ($Y_4$), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability ($Y_5$), and superoxide radical scavenging ability ($Y_6$). The estimated optimal conditions were as follows: $83.77{\pm}1.07^{\circ}C$ of the extraction temperature, $20.85{\pm}0.24 mL/g$ of solvent per sample, and $1.59{\pm}0.12$ hr of extraction time. At the optimal conditions, the predicted characteristic values were: a yield of 38.98%, a total polyphenol level of $74.28{\mu}g/mg$, a total flavonoid level of $74.00{\mu}g/mg$, a DPPH radical scavenging ability ($IC_{50}$) of 0.14 mg/mL, a ABTS radical scavenging ability ($IC_{50}$) of 3.24 mg/mL, and a superoxide radical scavenging ability ($IC_{50}$) of 2.49 mg/mL.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.708-713
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• 2015

To provide the basic data to dry vegetate the sweetpotato leaves, the total contents of tannin, flavonoid and polyphenol in the methanol extract from the hot-air dried sweetpotato leaves were analyzed and DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging ability, nitrite scavenging ability, and others were comparatively analyzed. The total tannin content was decreased from Shinmi of 10.87 mg/g at $40^{\circ}C$ to 7.28 mg/g at $70^{\circ}C$ and the total flavonoid was decreased from Hayanmi of 55.37 mg/g at $40^{\circ}C$ to 39.63 mg/g at $70^{\circ}C$. That is, the low temperature drying contained more of these substances than in the high temperature drying. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in Shinmi and Hayanmi of 84.33% and 85.25% at $40^{\circ}C$, and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was a high value of over 80% in the treatment plot at $40^{\circ}C$. The nitrite scavenging ability was highest in Shinmi and Hayanmi of 76.15% and 73.74% at $40^{\circ}C$ but low at $70^{\circ}C$. That is, the antioxidant effect of the hot-air dried sweetpotato leaves was high in the sample of $40^{\circ}C$ and low in the sample of $70^{\circ}C$. Affected by the drying temperature, the high antioxidant effect is resulting from the little decrease of active ingredient when drying at low temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

This study was carried out in order to determine the biological activities such as antioxidant activities in nine cultivars of Momordica charantia L. (Korea, China, Japan and Philippine native cultivars). Their antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, and Nitrite scavenging ability. The highest total polyphenol content (16.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) measured in the native Korea cultivar, and this value was 4.0 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ higher than that of the 'Verde Beuhas' cultivar (12.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The 'Peacock' cultivar had the highest total flavonoid amount which was 4.38 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the highest in the native China cultivar ($RC_{50}$ = 102.6 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). ABTS cation radical scavenging activity according to cultivars was significantly higher in 'Peacock'. Nitrite scavenging ability showed the most remarkable effect at the pH 1.2, exhibited to 81.5${\sim}$86.9% by addition of ethanol extract 1${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ from Momordica charantia L. These results suggest that Momordica charantia L. had the potent biological activities, and that their activities exhibited differently depending on cultivars.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

The methanol extract of Coscinium fenestratum, commonly own as tree turmeric, which is widely used in the indigenous system of medicine was studied for its in vitro scavenging activity in different methods viz DPPH scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, iron chelation activity, superoxide scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation. The results were analyzed statistically by regression method. Its antioxidant activity was estimated by $IC_{50}$ value and the values are $57.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH radical scavenging, $36.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for iron chelating activity, $51.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ for nitric oxide scavenging, $53.63\;{\mu}g/ml$ for ABTS scavenging, $44.2\;{\mu}g/ml$ for superoxide scavenging, and $40\;{\mu}g/ml$ for lipid peroxidation. In all the methods, the extract showed its ability to scavenge free radicals in a concentration dependent manner. The results indicate that C. fenestratum has potent antiofidant activity.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are typical probiotic microbes which are used in various industries including fermented foods, feed additives, and pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of antioxidative activities of 23 strains of LAB isolated from cheese, kimchi, yogurt, and etc. LAB were tested for antioxidative activities such as 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like ability. Antioxidative activities were examined different media such as MRS, M17, and 10% skim milk. Culture supernatant in M17 medium showed a higher antioxidative activity than these in MRS and 10% skim milk. Comparison of ABTS radical scavenging ability by the LAB showed a wide variation with a range from 9~93% and SOD-like ability of LAB ranged from 70~78%, respectively. Therfore, some of LAB can play important roles in the protection for oxidative stress and CPP-producing activity of LAB may be a promising material for application in the dairy industry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1583-1590
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• 2020

In this study, activity of anti-oxidation of Cinnamomum loureiroi extract (CLE). In order to measure anti-oxidation effect of CLE, phenol content of CLE, radical scavenging activity of ABTS and DPPH, and decrease of ROS production. Before the experiment, against Raw 264.7 cell, a cytotoxicity was measured and the result showed no toxicity. CLE's total polyphenol amount was 397.7±8.3 mg/g and the total flavonoid amount was 101.899±0.885 mg/g. As a measurement result of ABTS radical scavenging ability and DPPH radical scavenging ability, radical scavenging ability increased depends on the concentration. CLE's effect on the ROS creation was checked and the result showed that CLE suppressed ROS creation by showing a meaningful decrease of ROS generation. From all of the results, CLE is know to have an antioxidant effect. These results will be provided as fundamental data for further development of the new material of functional cosmetics to the results above.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1948-1953
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• 2014

This study examined changes in antioxidant activity as well as contents of rosmarinic acid, homoplantaginin, and luteolin, which is the main substance of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SPR) known to have anti-inflammatory efficacy, according to drying, blanching, and fermentation conditions. Rosmarinic acid content was 16.42 mg/g upon hot-air drying and 10.19 mg/g upon hot-air drying after blanching, and there was no significant difference in the case of leaf and root freezing or cold-air drying. Rosmarinic acid content was 8.69 and 8.15 mg/g in the case of air-drying in the shade and freeze-drying, respectively, and decreased to 0.05 mg/g or undetected after fermentation. SPR processed by freeze-drying, cold-air drying in the shade, and hot-air drying showed ABTS radical scavenging ability over 98.5% at a concentration over $500{\mu}g/mL$ as well as excellent radical scavenging ability of 87.3% in the case of hot-air drying after blanching. Root showed lower ABTS radical scavenging ability than leaves. SOD-like activity was measured to be 6.1~27.8% at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, which was significantly difference from ABTS radical scavenging ability. As rosmarinic acid and homoplantagine, an anti-inflammatory material contained in SPR, are almost undetectable after oxidation fermentation during processing, hot-air drying after blanching or drying seems to be suitable to develop SPR as a functional substance.