• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.1 s.129
• /
• pp.48-57
• /
• 2005

Phthalate esters are known as plasticizers and some of them suspected as endocrine disrupting chemicals. In this study, in order to identify the mechanism of phthalate esters degradation by white rot fungus, phthalic acid, which is major metabolite in the biodegradation of phthalate esters, was used. Phthalic acid 50 ppm was treated in culture medium with Polyporus brumalis. The availability of ABTS oxidation was different from control and phthalic acid treated group after 4 days of incubation. The activity was gradually increased in control group, but not in phthalic acid treated group. Especially, esterase activity of control group was maximized at 10 days of incubation, and then decreased while the activity of phthalic acid treated group was increased. Glucose was used as a carbon source, and the difference of glucose consumption by control and phthalic acid treated group was not significant. However, after 6 days of incubation the residual glucose in culture medium was rapidly decreased. The consumption rate of phthalic acid treated group was lower than control. These results might indicate that the absorption of phthalic acid in culture medium was occurred by mycelium and metabolized through some pathways as that of glucose was. To clearify the chemical modification of phthalic acid in culture medium, phthalic acid was reacted under in vitro condition which mycelium was excluded. The metabolites were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that phthalic acid was converted to phthalic acid anhydride by the extracellular enzymes of P. brumalis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.164-176
• /
• 2016

This study was perfomed to investigate the effects of Chunghyul-plus(CHP) on oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in db/db mouse. After treatment with CHP, safety in cytotoxicity, heavy metal toxicity, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide (N0) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-Ib, TNF-a, IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, GLP-1, glucose, food intake, body weight, organ weight, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatine and histologic change of liver and aorta were measured in db/db mouse after oral administration of CHP. CHP showed safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver and kidney for logn time administration. CHP increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. CHP showed significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and showed inhibitory effect on nitiric oxide(NO) compared to control group. CHP decreased cytokine IL-6 production significantly, and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α compared to control group. CHP decreased body and organ weitht, intake food, and glucose levels compared to control group. CHP decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly, and decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels compared to control group. CHP decreased atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor significantly. CHP increased serum insulin and GLP-1 compared to control group. In histologic examination, lipophagy in the liver and aorta decreased in CHP treated mice and the cell was regular and boundary of vessel wall was clear compared to control group. These results suggest that CHP is effective in antioxidation activity and treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke and other cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.1734-1738
• /
• 2007

The biological activities of strawberry were investigated during frozen storage. The concentrations of total phenolic content in strawberry juice and water extract were $2.342{\mu}g/ml\;and\;2.235{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The total flavonoid content in strawberry juice and water extract were $200.36{\mu}g/ml\;and\;201.07 {\mu}g/ml$. respectively. Antioxidant activities of strawberry juice and water extract were determined. The DPPH of strawberry juice (94.2%) was higher than the water extract of strawberry (93.5%). ABTS of strawberry juice and water extract were 99.9% and 100.0%, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and SOD-like activity of strawberry of water extracts were higher than those of strawberry juice. The changes in the antioxidant activity of strawberry was insignificant until 6 months of frozen storage. Therefore, it was expected that frozen storage of strawberry was useful preservation expedient for consistent supply of raw materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and melanin synthesis inhibition of several pear cultivars (Pyruspyrifolia). The total polypenolic content of five pear cultivars was high in the unripe developmental stage. Total polyphenolic content of the Chuwhangbae cultivar extract was higher than that of other pear cultivars regardless of the developmental stage. However, the total flavonoid content did not differ between cultivars or developmental stages. The phenolic compound, arbutin has an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. Arbutin levels in pear cultivars declined as the fruit matured. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract also decreased as the fruit ripened. In B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, most of the cultivar extracts inhibited melanin synthesis by about 50% at a $100{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ concentration, except in the Gamcheonbae extract until 90 days after full bloom. We have confirmed that the extract of pear cultivars have antioxidant activity and skin-whitening effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.531-537
• /
• 2014

Common cruciferous vegetables, kohlabi (Brassica oleracea) and radish (Raphanus sativus), contain phytochemicals such as glucosinolates and carotenoids. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant and anti-adipogenic effects of kohlrabi sprout extract (KSE) and radish sprout extract (RSE). The total carotenoid and glucosinolate contents of KSE and RSE were $39.50{\pm}0.67$ and $76.73{\pm}2.75mg/g$, respectively. The total glucosinolate contents of KSE and RSE were $2.65{\pm}0.02$ and $8.13{\pm}0.54mg/g$, respectively. The in vitro-antioxidative activities of KSE and RSE were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ${\beta}$-carotene and glucosinolate-enriched KSE and RSE significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species production during the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results suggest that glucosinolate-enriched KSE and RSE, especially RSE, can be used in the treatment of obesity and as a natural source of antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.166-170
• /
• 2008

The effects of heat treatments on the antioxidant activities of selected fruits and vegetables were investigated by heating at various temperatures (110, 120, 130, 140, and 150$^{\circ}C$) for 2 hr. The examined fruits and vegetables included tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), oriental melon (Cucumis melon var. makuwa), apples (Malus pumila Miller var. domestica Schneider), melon (Cucumis melon), watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), and banana (Musa sapientum). The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of the juices from heated samples were quantified spectrophotometrically, and their antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH and ABTS radicals. As the heating temperature increased, antioxidant activity also increased. The highest total polyphenol content (2.80 mg/g) occurred in the oriental melon with heating at 150$^{\circ}C$, and this value was 7 times higher than that of the untreated oriental melon (0.40 mg/g). The highest total flavonoid content (148.80 ${\mu}$g/g) occurred in the melon heat treated at 150$^{\circ}C$, and this value was 37 times higher than that of the untreated melon (4.54 ${\mu}$g/g). DPPH radical-scavenging activity was the highest in the watermelon treated at 150$^{\circ}C$ (84.37%, 0.50 mg/g), and this value was 40 times higher than that of the untreated watermelon. Finally, the highest ascorbic acid (AA) equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) value (239.50 mg AA eq/g) was obtained in the watermelon heat treated at 150$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr (control = 18.35 mg AA eq/g).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.438-443
• /
• 2017

The biological activity of crude polyphenol fractions (WphF, EphE, VphF, and SphF) extracted from Cedrela sinensis using hot water, ethanol, and enzymes such as Viscozyme and Shearzyme was examined in this study. The yield of VphF was the highest (43.44%) among all fractions. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the fractions were highest after ethanol extraction (447.98 and 337.49 mg/g, respectively). Fractions obtained after hot water and ethanol treatment showed high antioxidant activity. All fractions, except for WphF, showed a significantly higher ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the acarbose. EphF and WphF showed the high acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. All fractions showed more than 50% tyrosinase inhibition activity at 2 mg/mL concentration. According to these results, the crude polyphenol fractions from C. sinensis showed high antioxidative, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. This study suggests that crude polyphenol fractions from C. sinensis, especially the WphF and EphF fractions, are good sources of functional food.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black rice muffins prepared with various concentrations of chito-oligosaccharide(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%). The the weight of the groups with chito-oligosaccharide was higher than that of the control group, but the height, volume, and specific volume of the groups with chito-oligosaccharide were lower than those of the control group. The moisture contents increased with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. The pH decreased significantly with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. The L value of Hunter's color decreased, but the a and b value increased significantly with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. The muffin without the chito-oligosaccharide was the highest hardness. The textural properties revealed the cohesiveness, chewiness, and brittleness of groups with chito-oligosaccharide increased significantly with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. Antioxidant activities of muffins increased as the amount of chito-oligosaccharide increased.

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.154-158
• /
• 2009

The purposes of this work were to investigate the changes in GABA content of six different rice cultivars along with viatmin E content and antioxidant activity after germination. Brown rice was soaked for 24 hr at 25$^{\circ}C$ and then germinated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. The content of GABA and vitamin E in the rice samples was measured by using spectrophotometeric and HPLC methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging methods. GABA and vitamin E contents were significantly increased after germination while no significant change in the antioxidant activity was observed. Among the samples tested, Geunnun cultivar contained the highest GABA content before and after germination. On the other hand, Sinmyungheugchal cultivar showed the highest content of vitamin E and antioxidant activity compared to other rice cultivars. In conclusion, the germinated rice with high GABA content can be used for a functional ingredient in rice processing industry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.473-479
• /
• 2019

Gryllus bimaculatus (GB) has recently been registered as a food variety in Korea. In the present study, we prepared protein hydrolysates from GB and evaluated their antioxidant capacity. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from dried GB using enzymatic hydrolysis using five different proteases, and protein hydrolysates showing high hydrolysis value (alcalase, flavourzyme, and neutrase) were separated further into fractions ${\leq}3kDa$ and then lyophilized. Based on $RC_{50}$ values of hydrolysates (${\leq}3kDa$) obtained from four different antioxidant analyses, the flavourzyme hydrolysates showed relatively high levels of antioxidant capacity among the three hydrolysates, and in particular, it showed considerably strong antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The flavourzyme hydrolysate also significantly inhibited peroxidation of linoleic acid. These results suggest that protein hydrolysates from GB represent potential sources of natural antioxidants. Our current studies are focused on identification of active peptides from the flavourzyme hydrolysate.