• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

This study was performed for the identification of Streptococcus sp. from cultured flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) showing streptococcosis in the Jeju island. We isolated 10 strains of Streptococcus iniae from the cultured olive flounders with streptococcosis. Isolated strains were identified in S. iniae since they have formed the expected band through performing PCR assay using specific primers, Sin-1 (5'-CTAGAGTACACATGTACT(AGCT)AAG-3') and Sin-2 (5'-GGATTTTCCACTCCCATTAC-3'). In addition to 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacers (ISR), operon structure of isolated strains showed that all strains had three 16S-23S rRNA ISR band patterns. The 16S-23S rRNA ISR sequence of isolated strains showed 96% sequence identity with S. iniae (GenBank accession number AF 048773). This paper is the first report that S. iniae is associated with streptococcosis of Olive flounder in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 1995

The PCR was employed to detect and characterize the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), which is a newly recognized member of the I entivirinae of the retroviruses. Degenerate primers representing the conserved regions in the pol genes of the Lentivirinae, were used to detect proviral DNA obtained from the bovine embryonic spleen cell cultures infected with BIV. The PCR amplified DNA fragment was molecularly cloned and sequenced. The BIV DNA fragment contained a sequence identical to that reported by Garvey et al. (Garvey et al., 1990. Virology, 175, 391-409). With the degenerate primers, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of sick cattle and cells cultured with BIV were tested to determine genetic variation of BIV pol conserved sequence. We found the sequence heterogeneity within cultures and most variations occurred at the third base of codons that would not lead to amino acid substitutions. Another change was GAG (Glu) to AAG (Lys) within the BIV isolates. Interestingly, the altered sequence is also found in other lentiviruses such as HIV-2, SIV mac, CAEV and EIAV.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.181-194
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• 1992

Two hundred and eighty nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from healthy pigs were tested for the presence of 40~50 Megadalton virulence-associated plasmids and plasmidmediated in vitro virulence-associated properties, i.e., congo red uptake, calcium dependency, autoagglutination, CRMOX reaction, crystal violet binding and pyrazinamidase reaction. The correlationships between in vitro virulence-associated properties and the presence of 220 Kdalton outer membrane protein(OMP) were examined in strains with or without virulence-associated plasmids. The correlationships between the presence of plasmids on the production of the OMP and the expression of in vitro virulence-associated properties were studied with $CRMOX^+$ strains and acridine orangecured $CRMOX^-$ mutants. The results were as follows : 1. Of the in vitro virulence-associated tests with 289 strains of Y enterocolitica, 275 strains (95.2%) were positive for pyrazinamidase test, and followed by in order of crystal violet binding test, 226 (79.2% ) ; CRMOX test, 190 (65.7%) ; autoagglutination test, 1.85(64.0%) : calcium dependency test, 86 (29.8%) and congo red uptake test, 47(16.3%). 2. The correlationship between autoagglutination and CRMOX test(r=0.90) was highly significant (p<0.01). 3. In 190 strains(65.7%) bearing the virulence-associated plasmids(MW 40~50 Mdalton), the correlation between the presence of plasmids and their in vitro virulence-associated properties were highest with CRMOX test(r=0.93) and followed by in orders of AAG test(0.81), CV test(0.46), PYZ test(0.37) and CD test(0.18), but no correlationship between the presence of plasmids and CR test(-0.11). 4. The $CRMOX^+$ strains produced the 220 Kdalton OMP when they were cultured at $37^{\circ}C$, but not at $26^{\circ}C$. The presence of 220 Kdalton OMP was correlated significantly with in vitro virulence properties and the presence of virulence-associated plasmid, respectively. 5. In the isogenic $CRMOX^-$ mutant strains, of which plasmid were cured by treatment with acridine orange not only in vitro virulence-associated properties(CR 100%, CD 100%, AAG 82.6%, CV 58.3%) disappeared but also 220 Kdalton OMP(100%) was not produced. These results indicate that the positive CRMOX reaction is plasmid-mediated and the CRMOX test is potential as an in vitro virulence tests with Y enterocolitica.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

We already reported four groups which contains some similar strains based on URP-PCR in the previous paper. The objective of this study was to confirm those strains by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and vegetative compatibility group (VCG). AFLP analysis showed no difference among these strains except ASI 2595 and 2183 in Weonhyeong group and ASI 2829 in Suhan group. They showed specific DNA bands only in the result of P + AG/M + AAG and P + GT/M + ATG primer combinations out of eight different combinations. The AFLP primers produced a total of 330 fragments between 80 and 1000 bp in length for 31 Pleurotus ostreatus strains. At a genetic similarity of 0.96, the UPGMA analysis separated the isolates into four distinct clusters. Each group was classified by similar strains. Confrontation test by vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) also showed distinct line between strains from different groups, but no line between similar strains within the cluster. Our results indicate that most of similar strains was not distinctness. Thus, similar strains are considered to be very close on the genealogy of their parent or same strain with different name.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 1997

New technologie of information and interaction create ambiguous, multifaceted relationships between concepts and realities that once seemed clear and simple. The acvent of cyberspace implies the existence of cyberplaces and relationships among cyberspace and places that could be as or more complex then those that exist among the spaces and places of the non-digital world. Virtual reality-the current uses of infomation technologies to create replicas of places and processes in the world-offers a point of exploring such relationships. But more penetrating insights become evident in the examination of real virtuality-the uses of information technologies to enhance the experience of places in the world. Real virtuality offers geographers a variety of innovative and powerful tools for augmenting the effectiveness and domain of their craft. Widespread use of real virtuality by geograpgers will alter their use of data, methods, and theory in research, teaching, and practice.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.105-113
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• 2000

We have isolated 65 strains(2.0%) of Y. enterocolitica among 3,219 water samples from 380 spring water sites in Seoul from 1994 to 1999. The biochemical characteristics of isolated strains revealed that TSI was A/A, urea, M.R.($37^{\circ}C$), nitrate, motility($37^{\circ}C$), sorbitol, maltose, manitol, arabinose, mannose, trehalose, xylose were positive(100%) and H$_2$S, arginine, lysine, oxidase, citrate, V.P.($37^{\circ}C$), DNase, motility($37^{\circ}C$), dulcitol, adonitol, lactose and raffinose were negative(100%). In in vitro virulence test, positive rate of AAG and CRMOX were 9.2% and 4.6%, respectively. However in the virulence gene detectable gene detectable test by multiplex-PCR using ail, yst, virF genes, 65 strains were all negative, meaning that Y.enterocolitica strains from domestic spring water were not detected for the virulence. Otherwise, mutiplex-PCR which using ail, yst and subgenus-specific primer pair was the best for identifying the virulence of Y. enterocolitica.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2008

Terpene synthase plays a key role in biosynthesis of triterpene saponins (ginsenosides) and is intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of secondary metabolites. A terpene synthase (PgTPS) cDNA was isolated and characterized from the root of Panax ginseng c.A. Meyer. The deduced amino acid sequence of PgTPS showed a similarity with A. deliciosa (AAX16121) 61%, V. vinifera (AAS66357) 61%, L. hirsutum (AAG41891) 55%, M. truncatula (AAV36464) 52%. And the segment of a terpene synthase gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). We studied expression of terpene synthase under stressful conditions like chilling, salt, UV, and heavy metal stress treatment. Expression of PgTPS was increased gradually after exposure to stresses such as chilling, salt, and UV illumination. But its transcription seems to be reduced by cadmium and copper treatment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2009

Isatis tinctoria var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi (Cruciferae) is one of major natural dyeing crops in the world and also have used as a medicinal plant in Korea. We evaluated seed purity in $F_1$-hybrid accessions using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. One hundred sixty seeds from the male and female harvests were subsequently screened for seed purity with ten primers. The 13 accession-specific bands and many variable AFLP bands scored for accessions. Especially, E-AAC/M-CAA and E-AAG/M-CAT were presented clear hybrid bands for $F_1$ hybrids. $F_1$ hybrids maintained higher average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. Self-inbred seeds from the female and male harvests were revealed 8.0% and 5.0%, respectively. The AFLP may lead to a better insight in to the hybrid seed purity test in I. tinctoria var. yezoensis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.202-208
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• 1995

This study describes the effects of several components on PCR amplification used for RAPD. We used different concentrations of reaction components to obtaine discrete and reproducible PCR products from Pleurotus cornucopiae. The optimum concentrations of reaction components were found to be 80 ng of template DNA, 30 pmole of 10-mer primer, $200\;{\mu}M$ dNTP, 2mM $MgCl_2$, 50 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl(pH 9.0), 0.1% Triton X-100, 1.5 unit of Taq DNA polymerase (promega) in $50\;{\mu}l$ reaction volume. The optimum annealing temperature was $35^{\circ}C$. These results proved to be valuable for characterization of Pleurotus spp.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a causative agent for lymphoma disease in cattle including cows worldwide. BLV shares similar virion structure and characteristics with other retroviruses. The pol gene of the BLV genome produced reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) for important roles for BLV genome integration into host cell chromosomes that is known to be coded in the 3' side of the BLV pol gene (one third portion). In this study, we have sequenced 978 bp in the 3' side of the BLV pol gene from BLV 10C3 in order to determine the BLV IN region of it. And we compared it to the nucleotide sequences of an Australian BLV isolate. As a result, nucleotide sequences of the IN region of the Korean-type BLV pol gene were mutated at a rate of 3.7%. We can confirm that the typical mutations are such as Arg (AGG) $\rightarrow$ Lys (AAG), Thr (ACG) $\rightarrow$ Met (ATG), Ile (ATT) $\rightarrow$ Val (GTT), Asn (ACC) $\rightarrow$ His (CAC), Phe (TTT) $\rightarrow$ Leu (TTG) and Asn (ACC) $\rightarrow$ Asp (GAC). From the analysis of the sequencing data, we were able to determine the zinc-finger-like "HHCC" motif in the amino terminus of BLV IN, that was H-$X_3$-H-$X_{25}-C-X_2$-C. It was also found the DD35E motif in the IN catalytic domain as D-$X_{56}$-D-$X_{35}$-E. It fits very well to the consensus sequences of retroviral IN as well as HHCC motif.