• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.457-463
• /
• 2007

Various correlations of saturated vapor density in a truncated power series form are tested and compared in this study. Saturated vapor density correlation can be expressed relating logarithmic reduced density to the reduced temperature. Five types of correlation has been investigated using saturated vapor density data for 22 pure substance refrigerants from ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Reftigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.) property tables and NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Chemistry Webbook. Correlations are fitted to the data points by least squares method. Data points are equally weighted. The best type of correlation among the five types is suggested. The results obtained indicate that the best correlations with 3, 4, and 5 terms yield average AAD's (Average Absolute Deviation) of 0.27%, 0.04%, and 0.02%, respectively, while widely used conventional correlations with 3, 4, and 5 terms yield those of 1.19%, 0.61%, and 0.17%. The suggested type of correlation could reduce the number of terms while improving performance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.287-291
• /
• 2003

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BONT/A) is an extremely potent toxin, which is produced by Clostridium botulinum. The light chain of this protein (BONT/A LC), which is known as a zinc endopeptidase, cleaves SNAP-25 involved in the exocytosis process. In this work, the expression of recombinant BoNT/A LC in E. coli is described. The BONT/A LC gene of C. botulinum contains a high frequency of the arginine AGA and isoleucine ATA codons that are rarely used in genes of E. coli, hampering the translation of recombinant protein. The argD and ilex tRNA genes were cloned into pACYC184 vector, resulting in pAAD131X plasmid. The translational stress of the toxin gene related to codon bias was reversed by fupplernentation of the AGA arginyl tRNA of T4 phage and AUA isoleucyl tRNA of E. coli. This system may be applicable for the expression of a variety of AT-rich heterologous genes in E. coli.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.1112-1118
• /
• 1999

Galectin-3 plays an important role in cell development, differentiation and cancer metastasis, including cell-cell/extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and is supposed to have an effect of apoptosis on T-cells in thymic clonal selection. In this study, to know the effect of galectin-3 on thymocyte development, we used recombinant human galectin-3 (rHgal-3) from Escherichia coli, JM105, which was inserted with human gal-3 gene-transformed plasmid vector (prGal-3) to express human galectin-3. Expressed rHgal-3 was confirmed by western blot using the culture supernant of hybridoma (M3/38) producing monoclonal antibody to human galectin-3. Sepharose gel affinity chromatography was used to purify the expressed rHgal-3. Thymocytes and hepatocytes from 6-week-old male BALB/c mice were incubated with rHgal-3 and showed marked increase of apoptotic population on analysis using flow cytometry with 7-AAD in a dosedependent manner. However, rHgal-3 failed to induce apoptosis on hepatocytes. Interestingly, this apoptotic effect was not inhibited by lactose, a specific lectin domain inhibitor. From these results, we concluded that extrinsic -3 induces apoptosis on mouse thymocytes, and galectin-3 may have an apoptotic effect on T-cells in thymic clonal selection.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.321-330
• /
• 2019

Carbapenem is recently considered as the last resort of the therapeutics for gram negative bacterial infection. Increasing of organisms producing metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), we have difficulty in choosing the antimicrobial agents. Among 345 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas spp., 61 isolates (17.7%) were positive for the modified imipenem or meropenem-Hodge test and 55 isolates (15.9%) were positive for the imipenem-EDTA + SMA double disk synergy test (DDS). PCR and sequencing of bla_VIM-2-allele and bla_IMP-1-allele showed that 17 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9 isolates of Pseudomonas taiwnensis and 2 Pseudomonas plecoglossicida had bla_VIM-2, and 22 isolates of P. aeruginosa and one Pseudomonas otitidis had bla_IMP-6. These MBL genes were all in class 1 integron. The size of class 1 integron with bla_VIM-2 ranged from 3.5 kb to 5.5 kb in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas spp. including P. aeruginosa. bla_VIM-2 was most often located first in the class 1 integron, sometimes in the second or third position, and these integrons often had aacA4 or aadA1. Strict infection control measures are needed to more effectively prevent further spread of these MBL-producing Pseudomonas spp. In addition, MBL-producing Pseudomonas spp. is expected to continue to spread in various countries and regions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.3987-3992
• /
• 2014

Curcumin, a polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa L. has been verified as an anticancer compound against several types of cancer. However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which it induces apoptosis is limited. In this study, the anticancer efficacy of curcumin was investigated in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells. The results demonstrated that curcumin induced morphological changes and decreased cell viability. Apoptosis triggered by curcumin was visualized using Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD staining. Curcumin-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells was associated with the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Furthermore, the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax that led to the cleavage of caspase-3 and increased cleaved PARP was observed in SGC-7901 cells treated with curcumin. Therefore, curcumin-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells might be mediated through the mitochondria pathway, which gives the rationale for in vivo studies on the utilization of curcumin as a potential cancer therapeutic compound.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2010

In this study, vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at several isothermal temperatures for carbon dioxide and ethane binary systems were estimated using binary interaction parameters (BIP's) in Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state built-in PRO/II with PROVISION (PRO/II) process simulator. Moreover, BIP's in PR equation of state were newly determined by regressing the experimental VLE data for carbon dioxide and ethane systems for each different isothermal temperatures using the summation of squares of the bubble point deviations as an objective function. Comparative works have been performed for absolute average deviation % (AAD(%)) between experimental and predicted bubble pressures using built-in BIP's in PRO/II and newly regressed one, respectively. Our calculation results gave a better estimation result than the simulation result using an existing parameter built-in PRO/II.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.93-93
• /
• 2011

연육 연도교에 주로 건설되는 초장대교량은 시설물 특성상 이용객들의 대피공간이 제약받고 태풍, 해일 등 자연재해에 노출이 많기 때문에 다른 공공시설물보다 재난에 취약한 구조물이다. 최근 공공시설물의 건설동향이 구조물의 장대화로 되어감에 따라 재난 발생시 예상 위험이 점점 더 커져가고 있다. 본 연구는 이전 연구를 통해서 구축된 재난관리 시나리오를 토대로 재난관리 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 초장대교량의 재난은 자연재해와 인적재해로 구분할 수 있다. 여러 가지 재해 중 본 연구에서 제시한 재난관리 알고리즘은 자연재해의 경우 안개, 강설, 결빙, 강풍, 지진, 해일 및 풍수해이며 인적재해의 경우 화재, 교통사고, 구조물파괴 및 테러이다. 이 재난관리 알고리즘은 재난관리 전산 프로그램 구축의 기초로 사용될 것이다. 본 연구는 국내외 재난관리 관련 사례조사를 토대로 재난 수준별 평가방법을 수립하였다. 안개, 강설, 결빙, 강풍, 지진, 해일 및 풍수해와 같은 자연재난은 심각한 재난 발생전에 교통통제가 가능한 형태로 분류될 수 있으며 사례조사를 통해 교통통제 관리기준을 설정하였다. 화재, 교통사고, 구조물 파괴 및 테러와 같은 인적재난은 상황 발생시부터 비상대응을 취해야할 재난의 형태로 분류될 수 있으며 사고발생 시나리오를 통해 대응 단계별 평가방법을 설정하였다. 또한 재난 수준별 평가방법을 토대로 재난관리 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 자연재해와 같이 사고 발생 전에 교통통제가 가능한 재해는 교통통제 모듈로 구분하여 재난관리 알고리즘을 설정하였다. 인적재해와 같이 사고 발생 즉시 비상대응을 실시해야할 재해는 비상대응 모듈로 구분하여 재난관리 알고리즘을 설정하였다. 교통통제 모듈과 비상대응 모듈은 원칙적으로 국가재난관리등급에 따라 관심, 주의, 경계, 심각의 4단계로 구분하였다. 교통통제 모듈과 비상대응 모듈은 AAD에 의해 관리자, 외부기관 및 이용자 각각의 세부 행동지침 및 요령을 제시하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.581-590
• /
• 2016

Resistance to anoikis, a cell-detachment induced apoptosis, is one of the malignant phenotypes which support tumor metastasis. Molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of this phenotype require further investigation. This study aimed at exploring protein expression profiles associated with anoikis resistance of a metastatic breast cancer cell. Cell survival of suspension cultures of non-metastatic MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells were compared with their adherent cultures. Trypan blue exclusion assays demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of viable cells in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cell cultures, consistent with analysis of annexin V-7-AAD stained cells indicating that MDA-MB-231 possess anti-apoptotic ability 1.7 fold higher than MCF-7 cells. GeLC-MS/MS analysis of protein lysates of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells grown under both culture conditions identified 925 proteins which are differentially expressed, 54 of which were expressed only in suspended and adherent MDA-MB-231 but not in MCF-7 cells. These proteins have been implicated in various cellular processes, including DNA replication and repair, transcription, translation, protein modification, cytoskeleton, transport and cell signaling. Analysis based on the STITCH database predicted the interaction of phospholipases, PLC and PLD, and 14-3-3 beta/alpha, YWHAB, with the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling network, suggesting putative roles in controlling anti-anoikis ability. MDA-MB-231 cells grown in the presence of inhibitors of phospholipase C, U73122, and phospholipase D, FIPI, demonstrated reduced ability to survive in suspension culture, indicating functional roles of PLC and PLD in the process of anti-anoikis. Our study identified intracellular mediators potentially associated with establishment of anoikis resistance of metastatic cells. These proteins require further clarification as prognostic and therapeutic targets for advanced breast cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.10
• /
• pp.349-359
• /
• 2009

This study analyzed the structural correlation between parent brand attitude, including attitude toward the advertisement, attitude toward the store and brand attitude, and brand extension evaluation, relationships among which are conceived as a brand extension evaluation process. The result of analysis, revealed statistical significances of the differences in the effect levels between attitude toward store and brand attitude, between brand attitude and brand extension evaluation level, and between brand extension evaluation level and purchase intention of an extended product depending on the choice of distribution channel type. Therefore the evaluation level of brand extension should be analyzed by structural relationship model based on the consumer behavior's viewpoint with distribution channel type and it can provide the important information for restructuring distribution channel and increase the level of the successful brand extension.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2020

This study is based on Art Infusion type (modification vs. re-interprete and interactivity level (high vs. low) are independent variables such as 'Product-Related Memory (PRM)' and 'Image Related Memory (IRM)', Experimental research was carried out empirically through Two-Way MANOVA analysis with advertising attitude as a dependent variable. As a result, first, in the case of the modified advertisement, when the interactivity is low, the advertisement image-related memory information (IRM) is more memorized and affects the judgment. Second, in the case of reinterpreted advertising, the memory information related to product attributes is stored at low level regardless of the level of interactivity. Third, the attitude toward advertising for famous paintings was positive when the level of interactivity was low.