• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

For the development of functional food and cosmetics using hot water extract of Muraenesox cinereus's skin, contents of vitamin, amino acid and element, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The results are shown as follows: among vitamins, A(0.21mg/100 g), C (78.12mg/100 g), $D_3$ (0.03 mg/100 g), E (1.97 mg/100 g) and Niacin (2.53mg/100 g) were detected, respectively.Mineral contents were an order of K > P > Na > Mg > Ca > Fe and Zn. Contents of total amino acids were an order of Pro > Gly > Arg > Glu > Phe > Ala. Especially, the sum of total amino acids was 27.17 mg/100 mL, which was about 4.0 fold higher than that of free amino acid. DPPH radical scavenging activity of hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin at 25 mg/mL was 63.5% and did not increase at above 50 mg/mL. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of ethanol-treated rats using hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin were investigated. Compared to control group, activities of ADH and GSH-px were decreased. In the case of CAT and SOD activity, they were increased. These results showed that the hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin can be applied to raw macterial for functional food and cosmetics.

• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-121
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• 2010

Using the 1998-2004 Health and Retirement Study(HRS), this study explored the determinants of private long-term care insurance(LTCI) ownership and the first home care use. To account for the interaction between LTCI purchase and home care use, this study used two-period utility model as theoretical framework. Discrete time model was used as an empirical model to incorporate the time-dependent feature of LTCI ownership. And this study accounted for the endogeneity of LTCI ownership and home care use by employing full information maximum likelihood estimation. This study indicated insignificant effects of private LTCI ownership and Medicaid eligibility on the home care use. Also, the effects of income and assets on home care utilization were negligible. Those who have poor health condition and who do not have potential informal caregivers were more likely to use home care. For private LTCI ownership, income and assets have positive relationship with LTCI purchase, and poor health status and age were negatively related to LTCI purchase. The elderly living with children and those who have more siblings were less likely to have private LTCI, and those who lived with spouses with no children were more likely to buy private LTCI. Based on the findings, this study provides implications to design long-term care(LTC) policies in the U.S. and to develop LTC planning education programs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2003

The major goals of periodontal therapy are the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures already destructed by periodontal disease as well as the reduction of signs and symptoms of progressive periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods to promote periodontal wound healing. Bone graft & guided tissue are being used for the regeneration of destroyed periodontium these days. Non-resorbable membranes were used for Guided tissue regeneration in early days, however more researches are focused on resorbable membranes these days. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis of paradioxanone membrane on the calvarial critical size defect in Sprague Dawley rats. An 8 mm diameter surgical defect was produced with a trephine bur in the area of the midsagittal suture. The rats were divided into three groups: Untreated control group, Biomesh(R) group and paradioxanone group. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic, histomorphometric analyses. The results are as follows: 1. In histological view on Biomesh(R), no visible signs of resorption was observed at 4 weeks but progressive resorption was observed at 8 weeks through 12 weeks. Paradioxanone membrane expanded at 4 weeks, and rapid resorption was observed at 8 weeks. In both the membranes, inflammatory cells were observed around them. Inflammatory cells decreased with time but were still present at 12 weeks. More inflammatory cells were observed in paradioxanone membranes than in Biomesh(R) membrane. 2. The area of newly formed bone in the defects were 0.001${\pm}$0.001, 0.006${\pm}$0.005, 0.002${\pm}$0.003 at the 4 weeks, 0.021${\pm}$0.020, 0.133${\pm}$0.073, 0.118${\pm}$0.070 at the 8 weeks and 0.163${\pm}$0.067, 0.500${\pm}$0.197, 0.487${\pm}$0.214 at the 12 weeks in the control group, Biomesh(R) group and experimental group respectively. Compared to the control group, Biomesh(R) group displayed significant differences at 4,8, and 12 weeks and the paradioxanone group at 8 and 12 weeks.(P<0.05)

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.191-196
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• 2005

This studies were conducted to compare ozone sensitivity among half-sib families of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.). 90 families were exposed in walk-in type chambers to charcoal-filtered air and 100 ppb ozone for 8 hours daily, 5 consecutive months. We surveyed the foliar injury, Relative DRC (diameter at root collar) growth and relative dry weight after fumigation. After 5 months of exposure, foliar injury ranged from 1.9% at tolerant group to 15.2% at sensitive group. Relative DRC growth rates showed increased 12% at tolerant group, but reduced 23% at sensitive group. Total dry weight increased 17% at tolerant group, otherwise reduced by 33% at sensitive group, relative to the control. The root biomass showed more sensitive than the other part biomass. On the basis of the results of these screening studies, families Kangwon 04, 16, 26, 27 and 73 were determined to be tolerant; Kangwon 40, 52, 83, Gyeonggi 01 and Gyeongbuk 20 to be sensitive to ozone. Considerable genetic variation in ozone responses occurred, as shown by differences in sensitivities among families and among groups. These results indicate that tolerant groups of P. densiflora exhibited a high degree of resistance to ozone pollution injury.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find out if peripheral neuropathy was resulting from exposed to pesticides in farmers. Thirty four male farmers in rural area of Chungju were selected as a study group. According to the farm type and area, the group was subdivided into two groups: the high exposed group(n=20) and the low exposed group(n=14). Nerve conduction velocity tests were done on four nerves of the dominant arm(median motor, median sensory, ulnar sensory, and ulnar motor) and three nerves of the dominant leg(peroneal motor, sural sensory, and posterior tibial motor). On the nerve conduction study, all of the results were included normal range. But comparing to reference mean values, most of results were significantly decreased(P < 0.01 by t-test). And the median motor conduction velocity and the peroneal nerve latency were significantly increased in the high exposed group than the low exposed group and reference values. But we concluded that these findings are caused by age difference not pesticide exposure. In conclusion, we cannot find any abnormality of nerve conduction velocity caused by exposure to pesticide in this study group.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2004

On protein equivalence base, fishmeal (FM) was replaced by lysine cell mass (LCM) in selected different diets in Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) Eight experimental diets were formulated to contain 100% FM (LC $M_{0}$), 90% FM+10% LCM (LC $M_{10}$),80% FM+20% LCM (LC $M_{20}$), 70% FM+30% LCM (LC $M_{30}$), 60% FM+40% LCM (LC $M_{40}$ ), 70% FH+30% LCM+lysine (LC $M_{+Lys}$), 60% FM+40% LCM+lysine (LC $M_{40+Lys}$), and 50% FM+50% LCM+lysine (LC $M_{50+Lys}$). Experimental individuals of the fish (12.6 g) were randomly fed on one of the experimental diets. After 6 weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed LC $M_{0}$ diet was significantly (P〈0.05) higher than those of fish fed LC $M_{20}$, LC $M_{30}$, LC $M_{40}$ , LC $M_{30+Lys}$, LC $M_{40+Lys}$, and LC $M_{50+Lys}$ diets, however, there was no significant difference in WG of fish fed LC $M_{0}$ and LC $M_{10}$ diets. Supplementation of lysine has no effect on WG. There was no significant difference in condition factor (CF) of fish fed LC $M_{0}$, LC $M_{10}$ and LC $M_{20}$ diets. Hemoglobin (Hb) of fish fed LC $M_{0}$, LC $M_{10}$, LC $M_{20}$, LC $M_{30}$, LC $M_{40}$ , LC $M_{30+Lys}$, and LC $M_{40+Lys}$, diets were not significantly different from each other. No significant differences were observed in hematocrit (PCV) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) among all dietary treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADM) and protein (ADP) of diets significantly decreased with increase in dietary LCM level, though there was no difference in ADM and ADP between LC $M_{0}$ and LC $M_{10}$. These results indicate that LCM could replace up to 10% of fishmeal in Korean rockfish diets.ish diets.iets.ish diets.s.ish diets.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of exposure time and image resolution on fractal dimension calculations for determining the optimal range of these two variances. Materials and Methods : Thirty-one radiographs of the mandibular angle area of sixteen human dry mandibles were taken at different exposure times (0.01, 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.40, 0.64, and 0.80 s). Each radiograph was digitized at 1200 dpi, 8 bit, 256 gray level using a film scanner. We selected an Region of Interest (ROI) that corresponded to the same region as in each radiograph, but the resolution of ROI was degraded to 1000, 800, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, and 100 dpi. The fractal dimension was calculated by using the tile-counting method for each image, and the calculated values were then compared statistically. Results: As the exposure time and the image resolution increased, the mean value of the fractal dimension decreased, except the case where exposure time was set at 0.01 seconds (α = 0.05). The exposure time and image resolution affected the fractal dimension by interaction (p<0.001). When the exposure time was set to either 0.64 seconds or 0.80 seconds, the resulting fractal dimensions were lower, irrespective of image resolution, than at shorter exposure times (α = 0.05). The optimal range for exposure time and resolution was determined to be 0.08- 0.40 seconds and from 400-1000 dpi, respectively. Conclusion : Adequate exposure time and image resolution is essential for acquiring the fractal dimension using tile-counting method for evaluation of the mandible.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the frequence of 4 periodontal pathogens in the supra- and subgingival plaque in periodontally healthy subjects. Twenty adult individuals aged 22 to 28 years (mean age 23.65 years) participated in this study. All subjects had no pocket sites more than 3 mm deep, and the sites selected for sampling were all negative for bleeding. After drying and isolation of the sites with cotton rolls, supragingival plaque was sampled using sterile periodontal curette. Each plaque sample was placed in individual tubes containing 500 ml of 1X PBS. After removal of the supragingival sample and any remaining supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the same sites using sterile curette and placed in similar individual tubes. Identification of 4 putative periodontal pathogens from the samples was performed by polymerase chain reaction based on 16S rDNA. Chi-square test was employed to identify significant explanatory variables for the presence of the 4 periodontal pathogens. The data show that Actinobacillus actinmycetemcomitans, Porphyromonanas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum occurred in 16.9%, 14.4%, 52.5%, and 80.6%, respectively. No significant differences were noted in the periodontal pathogens between supra- and subgingival plaques according to the kind of teeth. However, the incisors were at higher risk for harboring F. nucleatum (p <0.05). Conclusion: These results reveal that anaerobic periodontal pathogens can be detected in supragingival plaques. Supragingival plaque may function as a reservoir of peri-odotopathogens.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to investigate the biologic effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with different concentrations on cell viability and the genetic expression of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to zirconia surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were cultured (1) without EMD, (2) with EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$, and (3) with EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$ on zirconia discs. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cell proliferation activity and SEM was carried out to examine the cellular morphology and attachment. The mRNA expression of collagen type I, osteopontin, fibronectin, and TGF-${\beta}1$ was evaluated with the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS. From MTT assay, HGF showed more proliferation in EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$ group than control and EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$ group (P<.05). HGFs showed more flattened cellular morphology on the experimental groups than on the control group after 4h culture and more cellular attachments were observed on EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$ group and EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$ group after 24h culture. After 48h of culture, cellular attachment was similar in all groups. The mRNA expression of type I collagen increased in a concentration dependent manner. The genetic expression of osteopontin, fibronectin, and TGF-${\beta}1$ was increased at EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$. However, the mRNA expression of proteins associated with cellular attachment was decreased at EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$. CONCLUSION. Through this short term culture of HGF on zirconium discs, we conclude that EMD affects the proliferation, attachment, and cell morphology of HGF cells. Also, EMD stimulates production of extracellular matrix collagen, osteopontin, and TGF-${\beta}1$ in high concentration levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE. With the use of EMD, protective barrier between attached gingiva and transmucosal zirconia abutment may be enhanced leading to final esthetic results with implants.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to survey the frequency of mutans streptococci species and biotypes isolated from dental plaque in Korean children and the relationship between species and biotypes of mutans streptococci and dft index. Dental plaques were collected from the anterior and molar teeth of upper and lower jaws in the subjects, aged below 12 years old. A dental examination was performed for dft (decayed, filled, total) with the WHO caries diagnostic criteria. The mutans streptococci from the sample were cultured selectively on mitis salivarius-bacitracine (MSB) agar plate. For biotyping of mutans streptococci, biochemical test was performed. From the culture, bacterial genomic DNA was prepared for using of PCR template for the identification of mutans streptococci at the species-level. Forty strains of mutans streptococci were isolated from dental plagues of 40 patients. The biotype I (45%) and biotype IV (32.5%) were most frequently detected. The prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 69% and 31%, respectively. There was no positive relationship between species and biotypes of mutans streptococci and dft index. Our results revealed that biotype I and S. mutans were frequently detected in Korean children and support that dental caries incidents by many causative factors not only bacterial factor.