• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 1999

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an integral membrane protein with six transmembrane domains, which is essential for EBV-induced B cell transformation. LMP1 functions as a constitutively active tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) like membrane receptor, whose signaling requires recruitment of TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs) and leads to NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation by LMP1 is critical for B cell transformation and has been linked to many phenotypic changes associated with EBV-induced B cell transformation. Deletion analysis has identified two NF-${\kappa}B$ activation regions in the carboxy terminal cytoplasmic domains of LMP1, termed CTAR1 (residues 194-232) and CTAR2 (351-386). The membrane proximal C-terminal domain was precisely mapped to a PXQXT motif (residues 204-208) involved in TRAF binding as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. In this study, we dissected the CTAR2 region, which is the major NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling effector of LMP1, to determine a minimal functional sequence. A series of LMP1 mutant constructs systematically deleted for the CTAR2 region were prepared, and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation activity of these mutants were assessed by transiently expressing them in 293 cells and Jurkat T cells. The NF-${\kappa}B$ activation domain of CTAR2 appears to reside in a stretch of 6 amino acids (residues 379-384) at the end of the carboxy terminus.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1361-1365
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• 2001

Recombinant immunotoxins are hybrid cytotoxic proteins designed to selectively kill cancer cells. A divalent immunotoxins, [B3(FabH1)-PE38]2, was constructed by recombining Fab domain of B3 antibody as a cell-targeting domain and Pseudo monas exotoxin A (PE) as a cytotoxic domain. Monoclonal antibody, B3, is the murine antibody (IgG1k) directed against Lewis Y-related carbohydrate antigens, which are abundant on the surface of many carcinomas. Fab fragment of this antibody was used in this study with the modified hinge sequence where last two cysteines out of three were mutated to serine. PE is a 66 kDa bacterial toxin that kills eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis with ADP ribosylation of ribosomal elongation factor 2 (EF2). Fc region of B3 antibody was substituted with the truncated form of PE (38 kDa, PE38) on DNA level. [B3(FabH1)-PE38]2 was formed by disulfide bond between cysteines in the modified hinge region of B3(FabH1)-PE38. Each polypeptide for recombinant immunotoxins was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and collected as inclusion bodies. Each inclusion body was solubilized and refolded, and cytotoxic effects were measured. Divalent immunotoxins, [B3(FabH1)-PE38]2, had ID50 values of about 10 ng/mL on A431 cell lines and about 4 ng/mL on CRL1739 cell lines. Control immunotoxins, B3(scFv)-PE40, had ID50 values of about 28 ng/mL on A431 cell lines and about 41 ng/mL on CRL1739 cell lines. Divalent immunotoxins, [B3(FabH1)-PE38]2, had higher cytotoxic effects than B3(scFv)-PE40 control immunotoxins.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1997

Aminolysis, hydrazinolysis and alkylation of 4-methoxy and 4,9-dimethoxy-6-cyano-7-thione-5-methyl-7H furo [3,2-g] [1] benzopyridine (1 a-b) yielded 7N-substituted furobenzopyridine derivatives (2 a-e or the possible isomers 3 a-e and 4 a-b), (5 a,b and 6 a,b) and the ester (8 a,b). Hydrolysis of (la) with acetic acid gave the corresponding pyridone derivatives (7). Furobenzopyridinyl-7-thioacetyl hydrazide (9 a,b) have been prepared via alkylation of furobenzopyridine thione (1 a-b) with ethyl chloroacetate followed by condensation with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff base (11) was prepared by reacting (9a) with p. N,N-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in boiling ethanol. Treatment of (8a) with anthranilic acid gave the corresponding 7-substituted-4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4-one (10). We found that compound (11) increased bleeding, coagulating time, the total count of white blood cells, blood glucose level (cause hyperglycemia), enzymes (GOT, GPT) activities, concentration of urea and creatinine. On the other hand it decreased red blood cells number, haemoglobin content and haematocrite value.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1999

In order to compare and study the effects of Kamipalmijiwhang tang(加味八味地黃湯) & Kamigangwhalsokdantang(加味羌活續斷湯) on inhibition of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, the author administered Kamipalmijiwhangtang & Kamigangwhalsokdantang to the sample groups per orally before and after ovariectomy. The author observed the activities of cathepsin L, K and the contents of calcium, calcitonin, osteocalcin and phosphorus in the serum for the biochemical index, the contents of IL-6 in the serum and bone marrow for immunological index, the state of bone loss in the metaphysis of tibia by histological study, the expression of ELAM-1 &collagen IV by immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of fos by immunocytochemical analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The activities of cathepsin L, K in the serum had a significant inhibitive effects in all sample groups compared with the control group. The inhibitive effects of Sample A-1 & B-1 was better than those of A-2 & B-2 and the inhibitive effects of sample B-1 & B-2 was better than those of A-1 & A-2. 2. The content changes of IL-6 in the serum and bone marrow had a significant inhibitive effects in all sample groups compared with the control group. The inhibitive effects of sample A-1 & B-1 was better than those of A-2 & B-2 and the inhibitive effects of sample B-1 & B-2 was better than those of A-1 & A-2. 3. In the histological study of tibial metaphysis all the sample groups inhibited bone loss significantly compared with the control group and expressed trabecula shape of bone similar to the normal group. 4. The expression of ELAM-1 & collagen IV decreased a little bit in sample A-2. It also decreased to a similar degree in sample B-2 like normal group and disturbed itself. 5. The expression of fos was inhibited in all sample groups compared with control group. The inhibitive expression of sample B-1 & B-2 was more remarkable than those of A-1. & A-2. 6. The serum calcium had a significant increasing effects in an sample groups compared with control group. Each sample groups didn't have any significant difference. 7. The serum calcitonin had a significant increasing effects in sample A-1, A-2 and B-1 groups compared with control group. Each sample groups didn't have any significant difference. 8. The serum osteocalcin and phosphorus didn't have any significant difference in all sample groups compared with control group.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.895-905
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• 2009

Let $B^{n+1}$ be the unit ball in the complex vector space $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ with the standard Hermitian metric. Let ${\Sigma}^n={\partial}B^{n+1}=S^{2n+1}$ be the boundary sphere with the induced CR structure. Let f : ${\Sigma}^n{\hookrightarrow}{\Sigma}^N$ be a local CR immersion. If N < 3n - 1, the asymptotic vectors of the CR second fundamental form of f at each point form a subspace of the CR(horizontal) tangent space of ${\Sigma}^n$ of codimension at most 1. We study the higher order derivatives of this relation, and we show that a linearly full local CR immersion f : ${\Sigma}^n{\hookrightarrow}{\Sigma}^N$, N $\leq$ 3n-2, can only occur when N = n, 2n, or 2n + 1. As a consequence, it gives an extension of the classification of the rational proper holomorphic maps from $B^{n+1}$ to $B^{2n+2}$ by Hamada to the classification of the rational proper holomorphic maps from $B^{n+1}$ to $B^{3n+1}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2003

We have investigated whether HspBP1, a Hsp70 binding protein, could have effect on the assembly of the bovine progesterone receptor (bPR) with a chaperone complex consisting of bovine Hsp90 (bHsp90), bovine Hsp70 (bHsp70), Hop, Ydj-1, and p23. The bPR, isolated in its native conformation, loses its function to interact with progesterone hormone in the absence of this protein complex. However, in the presence of bHsp90, bHsp70, Hop, p23 and Ydj-1, its function could be restored in vitro. Our findings here indicate that the inclusion of HspBP1 to five-protein system prevented the proper assembly of progesterone receptor-chaperone complex and induce the loss of bPR ability to interact with hormone. Immunoprecipitation assays of bPR with HspBP1 show that the presence of HspBP1 did not have any effect on the assembly of Ydj-1 and bHsp70 with the progesterone receptor. However, further assembly of Hsp90, Hop and p23 was completely prevented and the function of the bPR was lost. In vitro competition and protein folding assays indicated that the binding of HspBP1 to bHsp70 prevented the ternary complex formation of bHsp70, bHsp90, and Hop. These results indicate that HspBP1 is a negative regulator of the assembly of Hsp90, Hop and Hsp70, and thus, prevent the proper maturation of unliganded bPR with chaperones assembly system.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2022

In this article, we consider the integral operator 𝓒^b,c, which is defined as follows: $${\mathcal{C}}^{b,c}(f)(z)={\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_{0}}^z}{\frac{f(w)*F(1,1;c;w)}{w(1-w)^{b+1-c}}}dw,$$ where * denotes the Hadamard/ convolution product of power series, F(a, b; c; z) is the classical hypergeometric function with b, c > 0, b + 1 > c and f(0) = 0. We investigate the boundedness of the 𝓒^b,c operators on Bloch spaces.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.863-872
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• 2023

Let n ⩾ 2 be an integer, we denote the smallest integer b such that gcd {(ⁿ_k) : b < k < n - b} > 1 as b(n). For any prime p, we denote the highest exponent α such that p^α | n as v_p(n). In this paper, we partially answer a question asked by Hong in 2016. For a composite number n and a prime number p with p | n, let n = a_mp^m + r, 0 ⩽ r < p^m, 0 < a_m < p. Then we have $$v_p\(\text{gcd}\{\(n\\k\)\;:\;b(n)1\}\)=\{\array{1,&&a_m=1\text{ and }r=b(n),\\0,&&\text{otherwise.}}$$

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1999

The prevalence of alcoholism among elderly population is reported to be high in rural areas in Korea. Chronic abuse of alcohol can lead to the development of vitamin B deficiency through inadequate intake, altered absorption and metabolism, and increased excretion. The present study was conducted to assess vitamin B1 and B2 status in seventeen alcohol dependent subjects who do not exhibit any clinical neurological symptoms. Vitamin B1 and B2 nutritional states were determined enzymatically by measurement of transketolase and glutathione reductase activities in erythrocytes, respectively. And dietary intakes of nutrients were determined by a 24-hr recall method. The mean percent activation of erythrocyte transketolase was significantly higher in alcoholics than in alcoholics than in control (p<0.05). The proportion of subjects with a low and borderline status of vitamin B1, was significantly higher in alcoholics than in control (p<0.05). The mean percent activation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase was not different between alcoholics and control. And the proportion of subjects with low and borderline status of Vitamin B2, was higher in alcoholics than in control (p<0.1). Vitamin B1 and B2 status were significantly decreased in alcoholics who were smoking cigarettes compared to non-smoking and non-alcoholic subjects(p<0.05). Whether vitamin supplementation improves the vitamin status of alcohol dependent subjects remains to be researched.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2009

Puroindoline alleles, grain characteristics, milling performances and physical properties of flour of 22 Korean wheat cultivars were evaluated to determine the influence of puroindolines genotypes on grain and flour characteristics and to provide useful information for improving milling and end-use quality in Korean wheat breeding programs. Nine Korean wheat cultivars carried with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a, 11 cultivars had Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b and 2 cultivars were Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a. Korean wheats carrying with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a genotypes showed lower test weight and thousand kernel weight, area and roundness of grain and hardness index in grain characteristics, lower flour yield and higher proportion of break flour in milling performances and lower average particle size of flour, ash and damaged starch content, water retention capacity, yellowness-blueness and higher lightness of flour than wheats with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b or Pina-D1b/Pina-D1a genotypes. Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b genotypes showed lower 1000-kernel weight, grain area, higher average of particle size of flour, higher ash and damaged starch content than Pina-D1b/Pina-D1a genotypes. There was no difference in hardness index of grain, milling performances, flour color between Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b and Pina-D1b/Pina-D1a genotypes. These results could present the information to improve milling quality and physical properties of flour in Korean wheat breeding programs.