• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.826-833
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• 2005

This study was conducted to inform basic data for management of abandoned mine that was based on soil heavy metal concentration of the non-rearing and the rearing sites in Guundong Mine which had been completed of improve contamination soils, and examined into standard plant which had tolerances about pollution that analyzed into its accumulated heavy metals contents in the wild plant of naked soil. Consider form the result of contents by depth of soils heavy metals in the non-rearing sites, S1 point judged by contaminated to heavy metals of tailing leach after weathering caused by rainfall and permeate in S1 point soils when restored rest of tailing in 1996 restoration project. Lead of S2 point was not contaminated seriously by restoration and S3 point considered that heavy metals which leach by rainfall in the contaminated soils in mine vicinity accumulated in the abandoned paddy through river When heavy metals of rearing sites soils were examined from the view point of upside of mine point (SP1, SP2, and SP3) of same above the sea level, zinc (537.5 mg/kg) content of SP1 point was highest, and copper (535 mg/kg) and lead (141.5 mg/kg) in the SP3 point were high. To considered as orderly plenty of heavy metals in the plant were respectively in order, Perilla frutescens var. cauta KUDO (SP1 and SP4) >Artemisia princeps PAMPAN (SP2) > Miscanthus sinensis ANDERSSON(SP5) > Vicia angustifolia var. segetilis (THUILL.) K. KOCH. (SP2). Especially, there were plenty of heavy metals in P. frutescens var. acuta, so it judged as a standard plant which have tolerances about heavy metals pollution sites. Therefore, we need more study about the heavy metals accumulate ability of P frutescens var. acuta in future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 1983

In order to obtain more specific antigenic preparation for the diagnosis of human paragonlmiasis, crude saline extract of whole worm (=PwWWE), secretory.excretory components (PwSEC) and secretion-excretion-free somatic extract (PwSM) of 12 week-old ParagoninBus westermani were filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel column. The adult Paragonimus worms were obtained from expevimentally infected doge. A total of 11 antigenic solutions was Iyophilised or diluted to adjust protein content of 1mg/ml. To evaluate the antigenicity of crude antigens and fractions, micro-ELISA was done with the sera from P westermani in(ected cases, C. sinensis infected cases and non-infected control cases to detect Paragonimus specific IgG antibody. The results were as follows: 1. When the PwWWE was filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel, it was separated into three fractions; PwWWE Fr. 1, PwWWE Fr. 2 and PwWWE Fr. 3. The percentage of protein content was 28.0%, 21.6% and 50.4% respectively. The PwSM was also. separated into three fractions; PwSM Fr. 1, PwSM Fr. 2, PwSM Fr. 3. and their percentage of protein content was 41.3%, 38.6% and 20.1%. However, the PwSEC showed different fractionation pattern; i.e. fraction 1 (=PwSEC Fr.1) and 3 (PwSEC Fr. 3) without fraction 2. The percentage of protein content was 14.0% in PwSEC Fr. 1 and 86.0% in PwSEC Fr. 3. 2. When the antigenicity of each Paragonimus crude antigen and fractionated antigen was evaluated for specific IgG aritibody by micro-ELISA in 10 human paragonimiasis sera, PwSEC Fr, 1 was the most potent antigen showing the mean absorbance 1.98. The PwWWE Fr. 1, PwSEC, PwWWE were next to that: their mean absorbance were 1.72, 1.38 and 0.83 respectively. The antigenicity of fractions 2 and 3 was much weaker in binding specific IgG antibody. 3. When the antigens were reacted in micro-ELISA with 10 human clonorchiasis sera, most antigens showed weak reactivity. Each fraction 1 of crude antigens reacted higher than other fractions or crude antigens; the mean absorbance was 0.17 in fraction 1, but in others the absorbances were about 0.06. 4. With non-infected control sera, the result of micro-RLISA revealed almost same pattern with those of the clonorchiasis sera. From the above results, it became apparent that PwWWE Fr. 1, especially PwSEC Fr. 1 was the most potent antigen reacted with Paragonisfaus specific IgG antibody.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.486-498
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the species of 82 furniture in the late Choseon Dynasty (mainly, 19th century), which are housed in the Seoul Museum of History. Total of 22 species were found. The species shared 43% as hard pine(Diploxylon), 9% as Zelkova serrata Makino, 7% as Paulownia spp., 7% as Tilia spp., 6% as soft pine(Haploxylon), 5% as Ginkgo biloba Linn., 4% as Cedrela sinensis A. Juss., 3% as Diospyros spp., 3% as Abies spp., 2% as Alnus spp., 2% as Picea spp., 1% as bamboo, 1% as Populus spp., 1% as Betula spp., 1% as Juglans spp. The other minor ones were Torreya nucifera Sieb. et Zucc., Pyrus spp., Castanea spp., Ulmus spp. and Kalopanax oictuse (Thunb.) Nakai. Thirty seven furniture (45% in total) was made of single species, 19 (23%) of two species, 16 (20%) of three species and 10(12%) of 4 to 6 species. For frames and panels, hard and strong woods, such as hard pines, Zelkova and Cedrela, were used. For drawer, however, light woods having low shrinkage, such as Paulownia and Tilia, were used. The origin of woods could be specified by the habitats of the species identified. Both Hwanghaedo- and Parkcheon- Chests used basswood (Tilia), which grow in the cold regions, indicating the origin of woods as North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was investigate to the influence of forest roads characteristics and environment factors on the soil erosion, stability and vegetation survival of cut slope in forest roads. The results obtained could be summarized as follows; 1. The correlated factors between slope erosion and variables in cut slope were altitude, convex, degree of slope, length of slope and soil depth. In the stepwise regression analysis, length of slope and soil hardness was a high significant and its regression equation was given by -89.6136 + 15.0667X14 + 16.6713X15($R^2$ = 0.6712). 2. The main factors influencing the stability of cut slope were significant in order of coverage, middle, convex, length of slope and north, and its discriminant equation was given by -1.019 + 0.064X22 - 0.808X8 - 0.622X24 + 0.742X11 - 0.172X14 - 0.545X6 ($R^2$ = 0.793). 3. The centroids value of discriminant function in the stability and unstability estimated to 1.244 and -1.348, respectively. The boundary value between two groups related to slope stability was -0.1038. The prediction rate of discriminant function for stability evaluation of was as high as 91.3%. 4. The dominant species of invasion vegetation on the cut slope consist with Carex humilis, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, and Ixeris dentata in survey area. The rate of vegetation invasion more increased by time passed. 5. The life form of invasion vegetation in cut slop showed to $H-D_1-R_{2,3}-e$ type of the hemicryptophyte of dormancy form, dissem inated widely by wind and water of dissminule type, moderate extent and narrowest extent of radicoid type, erect form of growth form. 6. The correlated factors between forest enviroment and coverage appeared north, passage years and middle position of slope at 5% level. The forest environment factors influencing the invasion plants in survey area were shown in order to altitude, passage years, rock(none), forest type(mixed) and stone amount. The regression equation was given by 17.5228 - 0.0911X3 + 3.6189X28 15.8493X22 19.8544X25 + 0.3558X26 ($R^2$ = 0.4026).

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1999

Traditional oriental medicines have been used for treatment of various kinds of human cancers for long times and some of them proven to be effective clinically. However, the pharmacological actions and mechanisms related to cancer treatment are generally unknown. In an effort to clarify the action mechanisms of several oriental medicines used for cancer treatments, we planned this experimental procedures. We selected Cordyceps sinensis (冬蟲下草), Punellae Herba (夏枯草), Rehmanniae Radix (熟地黃), Paeoniae Radix (白芍藥), Oldenlandiae Herba (白花蛇舌草), Partulaceae Herba (馬齒? ), Scdopendra subspinipes mutilans (蜈蚣), Mylabris Phalerara (班蟄), Phellinus igniarius(桑黃), Ganodermae Lignum(靈芝) for evaluation, which have been used for patients of gastric cancers. The twenty grams of medicines were boiled in 100ml of water for 1 hour and filtered with $0.2\;{\mu}m$ pore-sized filter unit to remove insoluble particles. Initially we evaluated the effects oriental medicines on growth inhibition in stomach cancer cells. The gastric cancer cell line, AGS, was cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with l0% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and treated with $10{\mu}l$ oriental medicines per 1ml of medium up to 48 hours. The specimens were subjected to MTT assay for evaluation of growth inhibition. We found mat Mylabris phalerata (班蟄) markedly suppressed the growth of cancer cells as shown in results. Next, we checked the effects of oriental medicines on cancer on cell cycles and apptosis. Mylabrls phalerata (班蟄) inhibited cell cycle progression of cancer cells a compared with control cells and cells treated with other medicines. In addition, Mylabri phalerata (班蟄) induced apoptosis in 30-40% of stomch cancer cells within 24 hours. Other oriental medicines used for this experiments did not show apoptosis-inducing effects on cancer cells. Finally, we determined the expression levels of genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis. The expressions of Bcl-2 and bcl-XL were downregulated by the treatment of Mylabris phalerata (班蟄). However, the expression levels of genes related to cell cycles were not altered significantly. In conclusion, we found that Mylabris phalerata (班蟄) has in vivo gowth-inhibiting and apptosis-inducing effects on stomach cancer cells. However, we think that at least animal experiments are necessay for evduations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2009

This study has found out the status of the environment ecology(topography structure. land-use, flora, plant community structure, wildbird) in 10 uninhabited islands(i.e. Kei island, Hadon island, Sangdon island, Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island, Yuk island), Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Moreover, It has suggested ways of improving the environment ecology status by classifying the type of environment ecology about the degree of use and damage that based on the results of environment ecology survey. According to the results of topography structure survey, the survey site altitude was ranged within 1m$\sim$25m, otherwise, the radient was classified the rock area(.i.e. slope of less than $5^{\circ}$ the dead level) and the slope area where is steep slope. Moreover, there was showed evenly a variety of aspect. Land-use were divided the field(Kei island), dry native grasslands(Hadon island), naturalized grasslands(Sangdon island), Pinus thunbergii community(Dacwa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Yuk island), the rock area(Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island). As the results of flora survey, the number of plant species were 30$\sim$115 species and the naturalized species were found 2$\sim$12 species in each site. The results of plant community structure analysis, The dominant species were Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora were in upper tree layer, furthermore, it were Pinus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Prunus sargentii, Celtis sinensis, Morus bombycis, ect. in cannopy tree layer. In shrub layer, the dominant species were Rosa multiflora, Rubus crataegifolius, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, etc. The status of wildbird bird, had been found 42 species 938 individuals, especially, there were Bubo bubo kiautschensis(natural monument No. 324) and Haematopus ostralegus osculans(natural monument No. 326). According to these synthetic results, we are able to classify the 5 types of environment ecology such as the natural coast forest that composed of Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora(Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Tongin island, Yuk island), the field in vegetation area(Kei island), vegetation succession area of fallow field type(Hadon island), vegetation damage area by the forest fire and disturbance elements(Prickly castor-oil tree island), dominant naturalized species grassland by grazing cattle(Sangdon island).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of parasitic infection and swine pen human latrine system in Cheju Do, from July to September 1982. The 663 stool specimens (male 323 and female 340) and 579 scotch tape anal swabs collected from 161 households of 2 areas in Cheju Do were examined. The methods employed were formalin-ether technique for the prevalence rate of various helminthic and protozoan infection, and scotch tape anal swab technique for the prevalence rates of Enterobius vermicularis. In addition to these, questionaire was used to evaluate the present status of swine pen human latrine system and prevalence rates of taeniasis in these areas. The results are as follows ; 1) Prevalence rates of parasitic infections of any kind was 33.9%. It was 35.7% in Cheju City in contrast to 32.1% in North Cheju Gun. The infection rates of Trichuris trichiura was 10.0% and it was the highest prevalence rate in this survey. The prevalence rates of the other parasites were as follows ; Ascaris lumbricoides 2,3%, Hookworm 0.2%, Clonorchis sinensis 0.5%, Hymenolepis nana 1.5%, Entamoeba coli 3.2%, and Giardia lamblia 0.5%. 2) The infection rates of Enterobius vermicularis in 579 peoples (male 285, female 294) by applying scotch tape anal swab technique was 13.1% through the survey. It was 16.9 in Cheju City and 8.5% in North Cheju Gun. 3) The Infection rate of Taenia species by applying the stool examination and making up a question was 19.2%(21.4% in Cheju City and 16.7% in North Cheju Gun). 4) Sexual distribution of the parasitic infections showed slightly higher rate in female than that of male. 5) The positive rates of parasitic infection by the stool examination and questionaire positive cases of taeniasis were higher in 0-9 and over 60 year old than any other age group. 7) The swine pen human latrine systems were used in 46 households (28.6%). 7) Relationship between swine pen human latrine system and taeniasis was not noted.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2001

The ichthyofauna and the structure of fish community were surveyed from June to August in 2000 at four stations of the Wondong marsh, Yangsan city in Kyungnam province. During the study period, 24 species belonging to eight families were collected. Cyprinid fish occupied 62.5% (15 species) and cobitid and centrarchid fish 8.3% (each 2 species). According to relative abundance in the whole marsh, Z. platypus (23.2%) was dominant species and S. gracilis majimae (14.2%) was subdominant species. M. salmoides (9.6%), C. auratus (8.3%), P. herzi (8.3%), M. yaluensis (6.5%), M. anguillicaudatus (4.0%), L. macrochirus (3.4%), P. parva (2.8%), R. ocellatus (2.5%), C. brevicauda (2.5%), C. sinensis (2.5%) and O. platycephala (2.2%) were common species and C. carpio, A. rhombeus, H. labeo, S. variegatus wakiyae, S. chankaensis tsuchigae, Z. temmincki, O. bidens, S. asotus, C. herzi, R. brunneus, C. argus were rare specieswhich occupied less than 2.0% in relative abundance. Six species of S. variegatus wakiyae, S. chankaensis tsuchigae, S. gracilis majimae, M. yaluensis, C. herzi and O. platycephala in observed species were known as endemic species. By analyzing of fish community in the surveyed area, the species diversity and evenness of the fishes were high but dominance was low. And the similarity of the fish species among the sites was mid-grade as more than 0.55 in index.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.8.2-8
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• 1982

Hoarseness is the change of voice quality which represents the abnormal function of phonation and is the main symtom of the laryngeal diseases. The etiology of hoarseness are known more than 50 causes, among them, viral upper respiratory infection is the main cause of hoarseness and the laryngeal nodule and polyp, laryngeal paralysis, laryngeal cancer, laryngeal papilloma and the laryngeal tuberculosis are the other causes of hoarseness in that order. Recently, the authors experienced 4 cases of uncommon etiology of hoarseness, so we present the cases with the brief review of literatures. Case 1. 29 years old male Admitted in Dept. of neurosurgery due to Traffic Accident. He had a trauma on the anterior neck. Hoarseness was developed on 1 month after the accident. Laryngoscopic finding; Paramedian paralysis of left vocal cord. Displacement of left arytenoid cartilage. Case 2. 53 years old male Admitted in Dept. of General Surgery due to Clonorchis Sinensis, under the general endotracheal anesthesia, Choledochostomy was performed. Laryngoscopic finding; Median paralysis of left vocal cord. Case 3. 56 years old male Admitted in Dept. of Internal Medicine due to Aortic Aneurysm. Hoarseness was developed on 3 months prior to admission. Laryngoscopic finding; Intermediated position paralysis of left vocal cord. Displacement of left arytenoid cartilage. Case 4. 74 years old male Admitted in Dept. of Internal Medicine due to Bronchogenic carcinoma. Hoarseness was developed on 3 years prior to admission. Laryngoscopic finding; Paramedian paralysis of right vocal cord.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.753-763
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• 2015

To identify the overall status of vegetation in the nine ridges of the Jeongmaeks located in South Korea, the types of forest vegetation were analyzed with focus on the names of the plant communities that appeared in each Jeongmaek. The vegetation investigation data for the entire mountain ranges were used for quantitative analysis (TWINSPAN, DCA), thereby classifying the plant communities and understanding the structures and characteristics of the vegetation. Upon review of the ratios of the number of plant communities by each ridge of the Jeongmaeks, a relatively larger number of communities were found to be dominated by deciduous oak trees in the Honam and Nakdong Jeongmaek. In addition, the ratios of communities where deciduous oak trees and deciduous broad-leaved trees appeared were higher in the Hannam-geumbuk, Nakdong, Honam, Geumnam-honam, Geumnam and Geumbuk Jeongmaeks. On the other hand, Naknam, Hannam, and Hanbuk Jeongmaeks were shown to have the type of forest vegetation in which the ratio of artificial forests was high. According to the results of the quantitative analysis, eight communities were grouped as follows: Celtis sinensis-Mallotus japonicus, Deciduous oak, Pinus thunbergii-P. rigida, Quercus mongolica-P. densiflora, Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora, Q. mongolica-broad-leaved deciduous and Q. mongolica-P. koraiensis communities. The typical forest vegetations in the Jeongmaeks were the Q. mongolica-dominant community, the P. densiflora-dominant community, and the deciduous oak-dominant community.