• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.4 s.127
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• pp.311-315
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• 2001

The root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Leguminosae), which has been used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic hepatitis, duodenal ulcers, chronic nephritis and promotion of immunity in folk remedies. Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) is responsible for the production of large amounts of proinflammatory prostaglandins (PGs) at the inflammatory site. Thus, a logical approach to the treatment of inflammatory disease should involve the inhibitors of COX-2. To develop new COX-2 inhibitors from natural products, Astragali Radix was screened by inhibiting prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ generation in the culture medium using enzyme immunometric assay. Two isoflavone glycosides, $7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ and $calycosin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ isolated from Astragali Radix inhibited COX-2 activity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.284-305
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• 1997

A Literatural study on the etiological factors, classification, prescription of hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids complicated by anal fistula following results were obtained. 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are long time sit, long time gate, overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool( constipation or diarrhea), pregnant fertility(overfatigue after childbirth, insufficiency of middle warmer energy), uncontrol sexual excess, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, genetic cause, excess of anxiety, pile up of heat poison, weakness of entrails and viscera. The cause of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are attack of external wind, heatness, dry, fire, wetness(pathgenic factors), inapporiate treatment and chronic disease, greasy diet, excess of anxiety, constipation, uncontrol sexual excess, obstacle of circulation of vital energy and blood on anal site. 2. Classification of hemorrhoids are female hemorrhoids, male hemorrhoids, pulse hemorrhoids, intestines hemorrhoids, vital energy hemorrhoids, wine hemorrhoids, blood hemonhoids, flowing hemorrhoids. Classification with other method are external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, excrescence hemorrhoids, nipple homorrhoids. External hemorrhoids is classified of varicosis of hemorrhoidal vein, connective tissue form, thrombus form. Classification of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are simple lower hemorrhoid, lower mixed hemorrhoid, deep hemorrhoid, outer of one hole hemorrhoid, a horseshoe hemorrhoids. Once more classificated of four are space of sphincter muscle form, penetration sphincter muscle form, upper of sphincter muscle form, outer of sphincter muscle form. 3. Therapy method of hermorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are internal method, fumigation method method, ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method, hot medicated compress( gxternal method), injection, insertion, bind, (operation) and acupuncture therapy (the others method) 4. Herb medicine for many used of internal method are Scutellaria baikalensis George(黃芩), Coptis japonia Makino(黃連), Rehmania giutinosa Liboschitz ex Fischer & Meyer(生地黃), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque(枳殼), Sanguisorba officinalis Linne(地楡), Sophora japonica L.(槐花), Cnidium officinale Makino (川芎), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge(황기), Angelica gigas Nakai (當歸). 5. Herb medicine for many used of fumigation are Schlechtendalia Chinesis J. Bell (五倍子), Artemisia Vulgaris L. var indica Maxim(艾葉), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque (枳殼), Nepeta japonica Maximowicy(荊芥), And herb medicine for many used of ointment are Calomelas(輕粉), Alum(白礬), Boswellia carterii Birdwood(乳香), Os Draconis Fossilia Ossis Mastodi(龍骨).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 1994

Six Korean medicinal herbs, Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (sasam), Platycodon grandiflorium A. De Candolle (gilkyung), Paeonia lactiflora var. trichocarpa Bunge (peony), Angelica gigas Nakai (danggwi), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (hwangki) and Cnidium officinale Makino (chunkung) were added in brewing Korean traditional rice wine. Fermentation characteristics such as contents of total acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, pH, temperature, and alcohol concentration were investigated every 24 hr during fermentation periods. Changes of fermentation characteristics were remarkable in the initial period $(1{\sim}4\;days)$, slow in the middle $(5{\sim}7\;days)$, and almost unchangeable in the final $(8{\sim}10\;days)$. Total acid content was remarkably increased during the initial period but slowly afterwards. Reducing sugar content, total sugar content, and pH were remarkably decreased during the initial period but slowly afterwards. Alcohol concentrations of medicinal herb rice wines were $0.3{\sim}1.5%$ lower than the traditional wine throughout the fermentation periods. After the final period of 10 days of fermentation, alcohol concentration was observed as 12.6% in wine from sasam, 12.9% from gilkyung, 12.3% from peony, 12.4% from danggwi, 13.4% from hwangki, 12.6% in wine from chunkung, 13.6% in raditional wine respectively. Those differences were expected as the results of differences in various herbs. From the sensory evaluation, the highest score of overall quality was observed in the wine from hwangki, the next from chunkung, sasam, the traditewional wine, gilkyung, danggwi and the last from peony.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to evaluated the effect of CM (plant growth regulator) treatment on flowering, pod maturing and root yield components of Astragalus membramaceus Bunge. Three dilution rates (60, 70 and 80 times) were sprayed at $3{\sim}4$ leave stage. As the results, flowering was delayed $25{\sim}35$ days than August 13 of control and higher dilution rates was more effective to delay flowering. At the havesting time, be compared with non-treatment, plant height reduced $7.6{\sim}18.9\;cm$ and number of matured pods were decreased $50.6{\sim}76.1$ by increasing dilution rates. However, weight of dry root per plant was increased to 29% and dry root yield per 10a was increased to 28% in dilution rates 70 compared with non-treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2015

This paper researches the features of blood stasis theory of Wangqingren, who wrote 『Yilingaicuo』 that greatly contributed in the development of blood stasis theory at Qing dynasty period. And the disease cause, disease mechanism of blood stasis and scope of modern diseases related with blood stasis are studied by research on clinical papers which used 33 prescriptions in 『Yilingaicuo』 in modern times. Research on the features of blood stasis theory of Wangqingren is proceeded by referring to the annotations of 『Yilingaicuopingyi』 and the papers which related with blood stasis from Korea and China. And clinical papers are searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) to analyse the scope of modern diseases related with blood stasis. The features of blood stasis theory in 『Yilingaicuo』 expanded the range of existing theory. Wangqingren thought that chronic disease, weird disease, the disease of no effect from normal treatments were related with blood stasis. And he attached great importance to qi and blood and thought that the main pathogenesis of blood stasis was qi deficiency. And a lot of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were combined in many prescriptions to reinforce qi. He also used different herbs according to the location of the disease. Musk and Allium fistulosum were used for the disease located at head or upper part of the patient's trunk. Bupleurum falcatum L., Aurantii Fructus Pericarpium and Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle were used for the disease located at thorax. Cyperus rotundus L., Linderae Radix and Aurantii Fructus Pericarpium were used for the disease located at the stomach or below the costal angle. Foeniculi Fructus and Corydalis remota were used for the disease located at belly or lower part of the patient's trunk. Trogopterorum Faeces, myrrha, Cyperus rotundus L. and Cnidium officinale were used for the disease located at extremity or joint.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.286-293
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• 2019

In this study, four types of retinol, retinyl palmitate, adenocin, and polytoxylate-dretinamide, which are the ingredients of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notice, included in the study. also we looked at trends in research on Sciadopitys verticillata, Prunella vulgaris, Celosia cristata L., Brazilin, Persicaria hydropiper, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, Forsythiae Fructus, Lithospermum root, Rheum undulatum L. and Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma a natural material that has the efficacy of antioxidant aging. The anti-aging study so far has been found to be centered mainly on collagen production and elastase synthesis inhibition mechanisms. However, given that the aging process of the skin is caused by various ageing processes, it is believed that anti-aging studies using safe and effective natural materials that can help the skin age with various mechanisms should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.670-681
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• 2012

Herb extracts commercially used in Korea were screened for PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist test and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition assay. Total 16 herb plants had a PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist activity. Specially, Alisma orientale Juz (108.41%), Ephedra sinica (98.22%), Sasa japonica Makino var. purpurascens Nakai (140.68%), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (106.79%) and Cnidium officinale Makino (113.00%) showed high PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist activity rate compared with rosiglitazone's (167.46%). And Cornus officinalis S. et Z. (90.3%), Cinnamomum cassia Blume (89.2%), Psoralea corylifolia L. (89.8%), Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe (92.4%) and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr (93.2%), showed high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition rates. These results support previous reports of the efficacy of Oriental medicinal plants used for diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.717-721
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• 2002

Study was carried out with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to identify irradiated Korean medicinal herbs. Pueraria thunbergiana Benth., Angelica gigas Nakai, Agaricus blazei Murill and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were irradiated with doses of 0, 1, 5 and 10 kGy at room temperature using a Co-60 irradiator. The irradiated Korean medicinal herbs exhibited an asymmetric absorption, which was different from the non-irradiated ones. The strength of ESR signals linearly increased by dose-dependent manner (1~10 kGy) and highly positive correlation coefficients ($R^2$=0.9428~0.9942) were obtained between the irradiation doses and the corresponding ESR signal intensities. Detection of the irradiated Korean medicinal herbs was possible even after 6 weeks of storage although the signal intensities of the irradiated samples decreased until 2 weeks at room temperature.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1996

Experiments were conducted from 1994 to 1995 to understand the effects of the labor-saving seeding and planting density on growth and root yield of Astragalus membranaceus. The drilling seeder reduced seeding time than the hand seeding; It takes 3. 5hrs/l0a to seed by drilling seeder while 33. 0hrs/l0a by hand seeding, which labor reducing rate was 89. 4 %. Emergence rate in the drilling seeder was increased 17% than in the hand seeding, so the root yield were increased 23% to 136. lkg/l0a in using drilling seeder compared to 110. 3kg in hand seeding. On the effect of planting density on the growth characteristics plant height was long in dense planting and stem diameter was thick in spacious planting. Root diameter and dry root weight root per plant were decreased in dense planting and root yield was highest in optimum planting densities $(6\;row\;(15cm)\;{\times}\;10cm)$ in the harvest of 1 year old plants in Astragalus membranaceus. The gross profit were increased 23% to 1,933 thousand won per l0a in the drilling seeder compared to 1,566 thousand won in the hand seeding, also the managing costs were reduced 18% to 406 thousand won per l0a in the drilling seeder than 494 thousand won per l0a in the hand seeding.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.156-166
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• 2008

Objective : Pamooltang (PM) and Sipjeondaebotang (SC) are used in Korea to treat many diseases such as sterility, menstrual disorder, and general prostration. We made a comparative study of PM and SC which are different in component ratio between Astragalus membranaceus BUNGE (AC) and Cinnamomum cassia PRESL. (CC). Methods : Anti-oxidation was studied by 1.1.-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and anti-inflammation was investigated by prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay. For immune response activities, this study used NO synthesis on RAW 264.7 cells and splenocyte proliferation. Results : The results showed that PM and SC components had no significant effect of anti-oxidation or anti-inflammation. However, we observed their effects upon inducible NO synthesis in Raw 264.7 cells. The SC2 stimulated NO synthesis $11.42\pm1.36{\mu}M$ (control; $0.89\pm0.00{\mu}M$). PM and SC components had the effect of immune response which in a dose-dependent manner significantly induced the splenocyte proliferation. The splenocyte proliferation induced by SC2 was higher than others at the concentration of 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$. The SC8 was shown to up-regulate IgG, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ 3.3 times, 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ 2.6 times as a control. Conclusions : These results may have important implications for our understanding of the ratios of AC and CC in SC.