• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.223-243
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• 2014

Objectives: To provide information on the safety of GST (GamiSasangja-tang; CnidiiFructus, Sophora Root, Angelica Gigas Root, Clematidis Radix, Stemonae Radix, Spirodelae Herba), we carried out a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity and a 4-week recovery test of GST in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Female and male rats were treated with GST at oral doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5000 mg/kg. The GST was administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers were monitored during the study period. The rats were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. Results: We found no mortality or abnormalities among clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights or histological markers in any of the rats tested. Conclusions: The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) is considered as over 5000 mg/kg for male and female rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1427-1430
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• 2008

Decursinol, found in the roots of Angelica gigas Nakai, has been traditionally used to treat anemia and other various diseases. Recently, numerous biological activities such as cytotoxic effect on leukemia cells, and antitumor, neuroprotection, and antibacterial activities have been reported for this compound. Although a number of proteins including protein kinase C, androgen receptor, and acetylcholinesterase were proposed as molecular targets responsible for the activities of decursinol, they are not enough to explain such a diverse biological activity mentioned above. In this study, we employed a chemical proteomic approach, leading to identification of seven proteins as potential proteins interacting with decursinol. Most of the proteins contain a defined ATP or nucleic acid binding domain and have been implied to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, or neurodegenerative diseases. The present results may provide clues to understand the molecular mechanism of the biological activities shown by decursinol, an anticancer natural product.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

This study was conducted to understand the distribution and changes of macrobenthos on rocky intertidal areas around Taean thermoelectric power plant, Also, the purpose of this study was to produce a base-line data on the changes in water temperature due to the operation of the power plant and to understand its thermal impact on the macrobenthic community on intertidal rocky bottoms. A field survey was seasonally conducted at 3 rocky intertidal sites around the Taean thermal power plant. There was no seasonal difference in the community parameters such as number of species, mean density, biomass and species diversity during the study period. The major dominant species were Chthamalus challenger, Littorina brevicula, Crassostrea gigas. In comparison with previous study, thermal discharge in the study area did not significantly affect the distribution of dominant species. The structure of the macrobenthic community revealed that there were showed 3 different faunal groups depending on the difference in the mean density of major dominant species. The result of SIMPER analyses to determine which species were the main contributors to the differences between each community, C. challenger, Lottia spp. And Mytilus galloprovincialis, etc., revealed that there was showed a significant difference between each group. The abundance of M. galloprovincialis, showed a significant difference between faunal groups.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2010

Much oyster shell is breeding by character and conduct of oyster-industry for a long time among them. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the recycling possibility of waste oyster shells, which induce environmental pollutions by piling up out at the open or the temporary reclamation. The purpose of this study is to develope eco-friendly binder using waste oyster shells, and to reinforce soils fur soft soil improvement. In this paper, a series of laboratory tests including compressive pot tests were performed to evaluate characteristics of soils treated by developed waste oyster shells with different water content of soils. Based on test results, eco-friendly Supporter manufactured from waste oyster shells were estimated as good resource materials for soft soil improvements. We got the conclusion by a series of experiment, It is verified that change of pH of soil is improved by mixing with oyster shells. The homogenization method for deducing apparent of oyster shells, which can consider micro-structure of mixed soil, is introduced. The improvement treatment leaded to enlarge fluctuation of soil moisture content. The effect of calcium concentration was good though improvement treatment of physical property. In addition, the crop yield in amelioration plots increased. It means that the increase of crop yield was caused by improvement of soil physical properties rather than improvement of calcium concentration.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

Diabetes has been one of major health risks in industrialized countries. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been focused as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK increases glucose uptake through independent insulin signal pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract (AGNEX), a mixture of decursin and decursinol angelate (53 : 47), decursin and decursinol angelate on blood glucose, glucose transport (GLUT) and AMPK expression levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, 50 mg/kg of STZ was injected via i.v. route and AGNEX 2 mg/kg (STZ+AG), decursin 2 mg/kg (STZ+D), decursinol angelate 2 mg/kg (STZ+DA), and metformin 100 mg/kg (STZ+M) were administered orally for 21 days. STZ+DA group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels compared to the other groups. Decursinol angelate significantly upregulated expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) in skeletal muscle of rats. In pancreas of rats, decursinol angelate significantly increased expression of GLUT2 through down-regulation of p-AMPK. In addition to the result of pancreatic islets morphology, AGNEX, decursin, decursinol angelate, and metformin treated group recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that decursinol angelate might be a potential anti-diabetic agent and AGNEX could be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.427-437
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• 2019

Oxidative stress and overproduction of free radicals have been reported to be a major pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Samultang has been known as a beneficial agent to treat liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. However, the anti-oxidant activities and neuro-protective effects of Samultang against oxidative stress still have not been evaluated yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-oxidant and protective effects of Samultang and its four herbal plants, Paeonia lactiflora (PL), Ligusticum striatum (LS), Rehmannia glutinosa (RG), and Angelica gigas (AG), in vitro system and in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The extracts of Samultang strongly increased the radical scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$), and nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we investigated the protective effects of Samultang on cellular damage against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with Samultang alleviated the oxidative stress from $H_2O_2$ by increasing the cell viability and decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Based on these results, we further investigated the radical scavenging effects of PL, LS, RG, and AG. In our results, PL had the highest DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$, and NO radical scavenging activities. Thus, PL has a crucial role in Samultang, which has anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. The present research suggests that Samultang and PL have protective roles against oxidative stress from $H_2O_2$-induced neuronal cell death.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.32.1-32.7
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• 2018

Trout production is a growing activity in recent years but requires new alternative sources of feed to be sustainable over time. The objective of this research was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) of $ka{\tilde{n}}iwa$ (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen), kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sacha inchi, (Plukenetia volubilis L) and jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) meal in juvenile rainbow trout. The experimental diets were composed of a 70% basal diet and 30% of any raw materials. The ADC was determined by the indirect method using insoluble ash as a non-digestible marker. Jumbo squid, sacha inchi and quinoa showed the highest values of ADC (%) of DM (84.5, 73.5 and 69.7), OM (89.1, 78.4 and 72.9), CP (93.2, 98.0 and 90.3), and DE (4.57, 4.15 and 2.95 Mcal/kg DM), respectively. The ADC values for $ka{\tilde{n}}iwa$, kiwicha and bean were significantly lower. In conclusion, quinoa meal and jumbo squid meal have an acceptable digestibility but sacha inchi meal is a potential alternative for rainbow trout feeding in the future.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.770-777
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to test the overall preference of Saury fishmeat nuggets. In order to remove off-flavor of Saury and to improve the sensory properties of Saury fishmeat nuggets, different concentrations of vegetables (onion, 0-20%), different types of spices (ginger powder, white pepper powder, garlic powder) and different types of vegetables (onion & hot pepper, onion & pimento, mushroom & hot pepper, and mushroom & pimento) were added and the sensory properties were evaluated. Different types of herbs (Anthemis nobillis, Rosemarinus offcinalis L) and oriental herb (Angelica gigas Nakai, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seed) extracts were included as well to preserve the antioxidants in the nuggets after reheating. The main ingredients included saury mince, mild pizza cheese, hydrated textured soy protein, and egg white powder. The samples were molded (dia. 4.5 cm, thickness 1.5 cm, 20 g), lightly battered and fried for 2 min (2 time) at $160^{\circ}C$. The samples were then frozen, reheated ($150^{\circ}C$, 20 min) and subjected to a sensory evaluation. In the sensory evaluation, Saury nuggets made with a vegetable concentration of 15% had the highest flavor, taste, and overall preference (V5). In addition, Saury nuggets made with 1 g of ginger powder and garlic powder scored the highest in the preference test (S2). Saury nuggets made with onion and pepper had the highest score in the preference test relative to all the other tested vegetables (SV1). Finally, in terms of the herb and oriental herb extracts, the nuggets made with the condensed extracts at a 1/20 ratio of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seed (AS) scored the highest in the preference test, since AS had the lowest off-flavor taste.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제5권
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• pp.23-31
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• 1964

해산(海産) 패류(貝類) 6종(種)(대합, 모시조개, 피조개, 굴(토화(土花)), 소라, 전복)의 중간선(中腸腺)(간(肝))에 대(對)하여 RNA와 DNA의 함량(含量)을 측정(測定)하고 또한 phenol법(法)으로 RNA를 추출(抽出) 분리(分離)하여 그 nucleotide 조성(組成)을 분석(分析)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 각시료(各試料)(모시 조개 제외(除外)) 중장선(中腸腺)의 탈지분말(脫脂粉末) 100mg 중(中) RNA의 함량(含量)은 굴이 8.74mg으로서 가장 많고 순차(順次)로 전복 7.92mg, 대합 6.82mg, 피조개 4.62mg이며, 소라는 2.16mg로서 가장 그 함량(含量)이 낮다. 이와 같이 RNA 함량치(含量値)는 굴, 전복, 대합에 있어서 rat간(肝)의 RNA 함량(含量)(4.0mg)보다 높은 값을 나타 내고 있다. 2) 상기(上記) 시료중(試料中) DNA 함량(含量)은 굴이 1.03mg로서 가장 많고, 대합 0.89mg, 피조개 0.70mg, 소라 0.60mg이며 전복은 0.22mg로서 그 함량(含量)이 가장 낮다. 전복을 제외(除外)하고는 모두 rat간(肝)의 함량(含量)(0.34mg) 보다 $2{\sim}3$배(倍)의 DNA 함량(含量)을 보여주고 특(特)히 굴은 RNA 및 DNA의 함량(含量)이 모두 가장 높다. 한편 소라와 전복에 있어서 RNA/DNA 함량비(含量比)가 3.6과 36.0으로서 큰 차이(差異)를 나타내고 있다. 3) 이들 패류(貝類)의 중장선(中腸腺)(간(肝))의 RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)(mole ratio)은 다음 표(表)와 같다. 즉(卽) 해산(海産) 패류(貝類) 6종(種)에 있어서 중장선(中腸線) RNA의 Pu/Py는 $1.02{\sim}1.31$로서 그 폭(幅)이 넓고 G+C/A+U는 $0.97{\sim}1.51$로서 그 차이(差異)가 심(甚)하다. 그러나 G+U/A+C는 $1.26{\sim}1.46$으로서 1.3에 가까우며 패류(貝類)에 있어서는 G+U/A+C가 종(種)의 특이성(特異性)이 있는 것으로 사료(思料)되는 바이다. 한편 패류(貝類)의 RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)은 고등식물(高等植物), 세균(細菌), 조류(藻類) 및 고등동물(高等動物)의 그것과 경향(傾向)이 다르다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1980

거제${\cdot}$한산만 양식굴 Crassostrea gigas의 에너지 전환 효율을 추정하기 위하여 한 양성 기간인 1979년 7월부터 1980년 4일까지 성장도, 생식 물질 방출량, 패자 형성량, 호흡량, 집단 감모율에 대한 현지 생체 실측 조사를 행하였으며, 연체부의 물질 조성 및 에너지 함량, 패각의 유기 물질 및 생식 물질의 에너지 함량을 각각 측정하고, 호흡량에서 호흡 열량 계수를 사용하여 이화 에너지양을 계산하였다. 이상의 자료에서 동화 에너지양에 대한 연체부 에너지양의 비율로 순 에너지 전환 효율을 계산하고 동화 효율을 측정하여 섭취 에너지양에 대한 연체부 에너지양의 비율로 총 에너지 전환 효율을 계산하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각고(SH) 및 연체부 건조 중량 (DW)의 반월령(t)에 따른 성장도; $$SH=6.33(1-e^{-0.2421(t+0.54)}),\;(0<\leqq10)$$ $$SH=4.44+0.14t,\;(10{\leqq}t{\leqq}20)$$ $$DW=0.608(1-e^{-0.2421(t+0.54)2.589}),\;(0 $$DW=1.53\times10^{-6}\times(4.44+0.14t)^{7.2},(10{\leqq}t{\leqq}20)$$ 2. 생식물질 방출량(G): $$G=0.0145+(3.95\times10^{-3}{\times}SH^{2.9861}$$ 3. 패각 형성량(SO); $$SO=0.000648{\times}SH^{2.527}$$ 4. 호흡량(R); $$log\;R=(0.0386T-0.5381)+(0.6409-0.0083T){\cdot}log\;DW$$ 5. 연체부 에너지 함량; 3.93(7월)-4.54(4월) Kcal/g, DW(질소 보정에 의한 계산값) 6. 생식 물질의 에너지 함량$(E_G)$: $$E_G,\;Kcal=\frac{1}{4}[0.0149SH^{2.961}+0.0547]$$ 7. 패각 유기물의 에너지 함량$(E_{so})$; $$E_{so},\;Kcal=0.00184SH^{2.527}$$ 8. 호흡 에너지 계수: 3.18(8월)-3.31(4월) cal/mg $O_2$ 9. 집단 총 감모율 : $36\%$ 10. 동화 효율 : $55.5\%(40\~70\%)$ 11. 순 에너지 전환 효율 : $28\%$ 12. 총 에너지 전환효율 : $15.28\%(11\~20\%)$.