• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1993

Most of voltage operated $Ca^{2+}$ channels can be divided into three types (T-, N-, and L-type), according to the electrical and pharmacological properties. Their distribution is closely related to cell specific functions. Properties of the voltage activated $Ca^{2+}$ current in mouse eggs were examined to classify channel types and to deduce the function by using whole cell voltage clamp technique. $Ca^{2+}$ currents appeared below -40 mV and reached a maximum at -15 mV (half maximum was -31 mV), then decayed rapidly (inactivation time constant ${\tau}=28.2{\pm}9.59$ ms at -10 mV within 50 ms after the onset of step depolarization. Activation and inactivation of the $Ca^{2+}$ channel was steeply dependent on voltage, in a relatively low range of $-70\;mV{\sim}-10 mV,$ half maximum of activation was -31 mV and that of inactivation was -39 mV, respectively. This current was not decreased significantly by nifedipine, a specific dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker in the range of $1\;{\mu}M\;to\;100{\mu}M.$ The inhibitory effect of $Ni^{2+}\;on\;Ca^{2+}$ current was greater than that of $Cd^{2+}.$ The conductance of $Ba^{2+}$ through the channel was equal to or lower than that of $Ca^{2+}$ These results implied that $Ca^{2+}$ current activated at a lower voltage in the mouse egg is carried via a $Ca^{2+}$ channel with similar properties that of the T-type channel.

• 농촌계획
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2006

This study has been conducted to perform the survey on the ecological systems, scenary, and water quality change for agriculturally purposed drainage channels constructed with the application of environment-friendly methods and thus to evaluate the environment-friendly redevelopment effects of them. The main results of this study are as follow: 1. The channels not looking good aesthetically before redevelopment had changed into graceful scenic views from the aspect of landscape architecture as natural-type gently waterside to the channel and naturally-looking water stream. In the village parks developed for the rest of residents, an enough view was secured and thus a wide prospect scope could be obtained. 2. The flora in the channels have increased to 35 families and 82 species from 19 families and 32 species before renovation. As the growth speed of them are slower than externally-brought plants, they can cause some risks to the stability of land slope, including scour by erosion. From that reason, it is necessary to adequately combine the species of the plants both natively growing there and externally-brought planted. 3. In case of water quality, it turned out that, from more than a year after redevelopment, plants began to take roots and the water quality improved. On the contrary, there have been some cases, partly found, that aggravated the quality of water due to the causes like as retention of floating matters by withered plants or plant bodies after the growth of plants in the channels under survey became active, and therefore it is judged that a periodic maintenance of waterways is needed. 4. In case of fishes, all species before renovation have revived, and the population and the number of species have increased after works the formation of puddles in the channels. In waterside grasslands, amphibia and reptiles have not only increased but also been diversified.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2018

본 논문은 고효율 리플렉터 일체형 50W급 AC 직결형 엔진을 개발하여 SMPS 사용하지 않고 제품의 소형화 및 경량화를 구현하여 소비자가 편리하게 사용하고, AC Driver의 취약한 부분을 보완하기 위해 다단 바리스터 회로를 설계하여 전자 부품 수량 감소를 통한 원가절감 전해 콘덴서를 사용하지 않는 회로 구성으로 고신뢰성을 구현 하여 LED수명을 증대시켰다. 또한 AC 직결형 구동장치를 IC 반도체로 제작하여 리플렉터 일체형으로 AC 직결형 구동장치를 적용 하여 제작 그 수명을 LED의 온전한 수명을 모두 사용할 수 있는 장치와 발광 다이오드 조명 장치의 제어 회로에 하나 이상의 발광다이오드를 포함하는 여러 개의 발광 다이오드 채널이 직렬로 구성되는 광원을 정류 전압으로 구동하는 발광 다이오드 조명 장치의 제어회로를 제안하였다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Dislocations are basic crystal defects and represent one-dimensional native nanostructures embedded in a perfect crystalline matrix. Their structure is predefined by crystal symmetry. Two-dimensional, self-organized arrays of such nanostructures are realized reproducibly using specific preparation conditions (semiconductor wafer direct bonding). This technique allows separating dislocations up to a few hundred nanometers which enables electrical measurements of only a few, or, in the ideal case, of an individual dislocation. Electrical properties of dislocations in silicon were measured using MOSFETs as test structures. It is shown that an increase of the drain current results for nMOSFETs which is caused by a high concentration of electrons on dislocations in p-type material. The number of electrons on a dislocation is estimated from device simulations. This leads to the conclusion that metallic-like conduction exists along dislocations in this material caused by a one-dimensional carrier confinement. On the other hand, measurements of pMOSFETs prepared in n-type silicon proved the dominant transport of holes along dislocations. The experimentally measured increase of the drain current, however, is here not only caused by an higher hole concentration on these defects but also by an increasing hole mobility along dislocations. All the data proved for the first time the ambipolar behavior of dislocations in silicon. Dislocations in p-type Si form efficient one-dimensional channels for electrons, while dislocations in n-type material cause one-dimensional channels for holes.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.2004-2007
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• 2002

In the linear combination type stereophonic echo canceller, it is known not to converge the coefficient vector of the adaptive filter to a correct echo path. In this report, we analyze the convergence value of the filter coefficient vector of the stereo echo canceling algorithm using input signals of all channels in relation to this problem. In this analysis, one of the two inputs to the un-known system and adaptive one are assumed to be a delayed and attenuated version of the other signal as a model of the input signal with a strong cross-correlation. As a result, it is shown for the coefficient vectors not to converge to echo paths, and nor to converge to the value which depends on the time delay and the attenuation of the input signal. We show that the computer simulation result are corresponding to our analytical results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2018

As the modernization of the nuclear instrumentation system progresses, research reactors have adopted digital wide-range neutron power measurement (DWRNPM) systems. These systems typically monitor the neutron flux across a range of over 10 decades. Because neutron detectors only measure the local neutron flux at their position, the local neutron flux must be converted to total reactor power through calibration, which involves mapping the local neutron flux level to a reference reactor power. Conventionally, the neutron power range is divided into smaller subranges because the neutron detector signal characteristics and the reference reactor power estimation methods are different for each subrange. Therefore, many factors should be considered when preparing the calibration procedure for DWRNPM channels. The main purpose of this work is to serve as a reference for performing the calibration of DWRNPM systems in research reactors. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the calibration of DWRNPM channels by describing the configuration of the DWRNPM system and by summarizing the theories of operation and the reference power estimation methods with their associated calibration procedure. The calibration procedure was actually performed during the commissioning of an open-pool type research reactor, and the results and experience are documented herein.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1998년도 학술발표회
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• pp.39-39
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• 1998

Stretch-activated ion channel that is open by mechanical stress applied on the cell membrane is one of the classes of ion channels. Other than stretch-activated channel itself, it has been also reported that a variety of ion channels could be modulated by a mechanical cell stretch.(omitted)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.468-481
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• 2002

There are 4 CANDU6 type reactors operating at Wolsong site. For fuelling operation of certain fuel channels (with flow less than 21.5 kg/s) a FARE flow Assist Ram Extension) device is used. During the refuelling operation, two remote controlled F/Ms (Fuelling Machines) are attached to a designated fuel channel and carry out refuelling job. The upstream F/M inserts new fuel bundles into the fuel channel while the downstream F/M discharges spent fuel bundles. In order to assist fuelling operation of channels that has lower coolant How rate, the FARE device is used instead of F/M C-ram to push the fuel bundle string. The FARE device is essentially a How restricting element that produces enough drag force to push the fuel bundle string toward downstream F/M. Channels that require the use of FARE device for refuelling are located along the outside perimeter of reactor. This paper presents the FARE device design feature, steady state hydraulic and operational characteristics and behavior of the device when coupled with fuel bundle string during fuelling operation. The study showed that the steady state performance of FARE device meets the design objective that was confirmed by downstream F/M C-ram force to be positive.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1642-1661
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• 2015

Wireless mesh networks are a special type of broadcast networks which cover the qualifications of both ad-hoc as well as infrastructure mode networks. These networks offer connectivity to the last mile through hop to hop communication and by comparatively reducing the cost of infrastructure in terms of wire and hardware. Channel assignment has always been the focused area for such networks specifically when using non-overlapping channels and sharing radio frequency spectrum while using multiple radios. It has always been a challenge for mesh network on impartial utilization of the resources (channels), with the increase in users. The rational utilization of multiple channels and multiple radios, not only increases the overall throughput, capacity and scalability, but also creates significant complexities for channel assignment methods. For a better understanding of research challenges, this paper discusses heuristic methods, measurements and channel utilization applications and also examines various researches that yield to overcome this problem. Finally, we highlight prospective directions of research.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 1999

저주파용 광섬유 하이드로폰을 개발하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 2 채널을 가진 TDM 방식 광섬유 하이드로폰 배역을 구성하고 이를 수조에서 음향특성 실험을 수행하였다. 150m의 광섬유를 중공 원통형 맨드릴에 감아 광섬유 하이드로폰을 제작하였으며 저주파용임을 감안하여 맨드릴의 고유진동수를 10kHz이상에 위치하도록 설계하였다. 제작된 광섬유 하이드로폰은 수중과 음향 임피던스 정합을 이루기 위하여 폴리우레탄으로 몰딩 하였다. 음향 특성을 보기 위하여 TDM 방식의 불평형 간섭계를 구성하여 수조에서 3kHz의 연속파형을 신호입력으로 실험하였다. 실험 결과 제작된 TDM 방식의 광섬유 하이드로폰은 수중에서 3kHz의 음향 신호를 안정적으로 검출함을 확인하였다. 이는 향후 다채널을 가진 광섬유 하이드로폰 배열 개발에 응용 가능성이 기대된다.