• 제목/요약/키워드: A-grade

검색결과 13,133건 처리시간 0.045초

고효율 사이클론의 집진효율에 관한 연구 (A Study of High Particle Collection Efficiency of Cyclone)

  • 정진도;이상권
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.2227-2232
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    • 2003
  • For a reasonable analysis of grade efficiency of cyclone separator, in-line measurements of particle size and particle concentration are needed. The purpose of this study is to define the correlation of measurement data and to measure grade efficiency and pressure drop. The authors adapted that the grade efficiency could be calculated directly from the counted particle numbers. The problem of collection efficiency calculation was different from counting rate of aerosol counters under the same conditions. It is important factor to use the rate of the particle counters to obtain reliable results. Therefore, the authors should use and calculate compensation factor considering sensitivity of aerosol counters, gas velocity and concentration affect higher 30% than originally measured grade efficiency. As the pressure drop and grade efficiency increase, as flow rate increase and then also pressure drop and grade efficiency increase.

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소아에서 만성 반복성 복통(Recurrent Abdominal Pain)과 Helicobacter pylori 감염과의 연관성에 대한 연구 (Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain)

  • 나소영;서정기
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2005
  • 목 적: 반복성 복통(Recurrent abdominal pain)은 소아의 약 10%에서 볼 수 있는 비교적 흔한 증상으로, H. pylori 감염과 반복성 복통과의 연관성에 대한 연구가 일부에서 이루어져 왔으나 아직까지 명확한 관계는 밝혀져 있지 않다. 또 반복성 복통으로 내원하여 H. pylori 감염이 확인된 소아에서 제균 요법이 반드시 필요한지에 대해서도 아직 결론이 내려지지 않은 상태이다. 저자들은 소아에서 반복성 복통증과 H. pylori 감염의 연관성을 확인하고 제균 요법이 반복성 복통의 경과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1998년 1월부터 2005년 1월까지 반복성 복통으로 서울대학교 어린이병원에 내원하여 상부 위장관 내시경 검사를 받았던 환아 중에서 추적관찰이 가능하였던 166명을 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 H. pylori 감염 환아 70명 모두에서 제균 요법을 시행하였고, 제균 성공한 군(Group Ia) 52명과 실패한 군(Group Ib) 18명에서의 복통의 경과를 관찰하였다. 대조군인 H. pylori 비감염 환아 96명에서는 약제를 전혀 투여하지 않은 군(Group IIa) 67명, 위산억제제를 투여한 군(Group IIb) 13명, 그리고 위산억제제와 항생제를 함께 투여한 군(Group IIc) 16명으로 나누어 복통의 경과를 관찰하였다. 의무기록지 검토와 전화 인터뷰를 시행하여 6개월, 12개월 시점에서 복통의 경과를 판정하였으며, 복통이 완전히 또는 거의 완전히 소실된 경우를 grade 0, 복통이 50% 이상 현저히 호전되었으나 간혹 복통을 호소하는 경우를 grade I, 그리고 복통의 정도와 빈도에 변화가 전혀 없는 경우를 grade II로 정하였다. 결 과: 1) 전체 166명 환아의 연령은 $10.0{\pm}3.3$세, 남녀비는 1:1.72, 내원 전까지의 복통의 지속기간은 $18.2{\pm}19.3$개월, 추적 관찰기간은 $3.0{\pm}2.6$년이었다. 대상 환아의 특성, 증상이 시작될 당시의 연령, 증상의 지속기간, 추적 관찰기간 등에 있어서 H. pylori 감염군과 비감염군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2) 상부 위장관 내시경 소견 결과에서 H. pylori 감염군에서 결절성 위염(p<0.001)이나 결절성 십이지장염(p=0.001)의 빈도가 유의하게 높았고, 비감염군의 경우 정상 내시경 소견을 보인 빈도가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 병리 조직검사에서 H. pylori 감염군에서 비감염군에 비해 중등도 만성 위염(71.4% vs 12.8%, p<0.001)과 중증 만성 위염(15.7% vs 1.1%, p<0.001)의 빈도가 유의하게 더 높았다. 3) H. pylori 감염 환아 70명에서 1개월 동안 복통의 경과를 관찰하였을 때, 제균 성공한 군(Group Ia)은 grade 0 69.2%, grade I 19.2%, grade II 11.5%였고 제균 실패한 군(Group Ib)은 grade 0 50.0%, grade I 44.4%, grade II 5.6%로 두 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.103). 6개월 동안 복통의 경과를 관찰하였을 때, Group Ia는 grade 0 72.1%, grade I 21.0%, grade II 7.0%였고 Group Ib는 grade 0 50.0%, grade I 30.0%, grade II 20.0%로 마찬가지로 두 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.311). 1년 경과관찰 시에도 Group Ia는 grade 0 75.0%, grade I 12.5%, grade II 12.5%였고 Group Ib는 grade 0 55.6%, grade I 33.3%, grade II 11.1%로 역시 두 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.338). 4) H. pylori 비감염 환아 96명에서 1개월간 복통의 경과를 관찰하였을 때, 약제를 전혀 투여하지 않은 군(Group IIa)은 grade 0 34.3%, grade I 38.8%, grade II 26.9%, 위산 억제제를 투여한 군(Group IIb)은 grade 0 46.2%, grade I 23.1%, grade II 30.8%, 그리고 위산 억제제와 항생제를 함께 투여한 군(Group IIc)은 grade 0 43.8%, grade I 18.8%, grade II 37.5%로 세 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.533). 6개월간 복통의 경과를 관찰하였을 때, Group IIa는 grade 0 45.6%, grade I 33.3%, grade II 21.1%, Group IIb는 grade 0 50%, grade I 30%, grade II 20%, Group IIc는 grade 0 72.7%, grade I 0%, grade II 27.3%로 마찬가지로 세 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.269). 1년 경과관찰 시에도 Group IIa는 grade 0 58.7%, grade I 17.4%, grade II 23.9%, Group IIb는 grade 0 66.7%, grade I 11.1%, grade II 22.2%, Group IIc는 grade 0 70.0%, grade I 20.0%, grade II 10.0%로 마찬가지로 복통의 경과는 세 군에서 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.879). 결 론: 반복성 복통 환아에서 H. pylori 감염 시 제균 요법을 시행하였을 때 대부분에서 복통이 호전되었으나 복통의 경과는 제균의 성공 또는 실패여부와 상관없었다. 이는 반복성 복통과 H. pylori 감염의 연관성이 적음을 시사하는 소견으로 판단된다. 또한 H. pylori 감염이 없는 환아도 약제의 투여 여부와 상관없이 내시경 검사 후 대부분에서 복통이 호전되는 경과를 보였다. 따라서 반복성 복통 환아에서 제균 요법을 포함한 약물 치료를 하는 것보다 환자가 기질적인 병변이 없다는 인식을 갖게 하는 것이 복통의 소실에 더 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

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Correlation between the Korean pork grade system and the amount of pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom III

  • Park, Yunhwan;Ko, Eunyoung;Park, Kwangwook;Woo, Changhyun;Kim, Jaeyoung;Lee, Sanghun;Park, Sanghun;Kim, Yun-a;Park, Gyutae;Choi, Jungseok
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제64권1호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2022
  • It is impossible to know the amount of pork primal cut by pig carcass grade which is determined only by carcass weight and backfat thickness in the Korean Pig Carcass System. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the pig carcass grade and the amount of pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom III. A total of 419,321 Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) pigs were graded with the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. Amounts of belly, neck, loin, tenderloin, spare ribs, shoulder, and ham were estimated with AutoFom III. Regression equations for seven primal cuts according to each grade were derived. There were significant differences among the three carcass grades due to heteroscedasticity variance (p < 0.0001). Three regression equations were derived from AutoFom III estimation of primal cuts according to carcass grades. The coefficient of determination of the regression equation was 0.941 for grade 1+, 0.982 for grade 1, and 0.993 for grade 2. Regression equations obtained from this study are suitable for AutoFom III software, a useful tool for the analysis of each pig carcass grade in the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. The high reliability of predicting the amount of primal cut with AutoFom III is advantageous for the management of slaughterhouses to optimize their product sorting in Korea.

안경광학과 학생들의 의식조사 (Survey on Notion of Department of Ophthalmic Optics Students)

  • 김혜동
    • 한국안광학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.13-17
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    • 2008
  • 목적: 안경광학의 미래를 전망하기 위함에 있다. 방법: 안경광학과 3년제 1학년, 2학년, 3학년 각각 100명을 대상으로 의식조사를 하였다. 결과: 설문조사 결과, 1. 입학 전 안경광학과에 대한 사전정보 인지도는 1학년 40명(40%)에서 보통으로, 2학년 42명(42%)에서 보통으로, 3학년 34명(34%)에서 낮음으로 조사되었다. 2. 안경광학과 수강과목과 내용 적합도는 1학년 54명(54%)에서 보통으로, 2학년 51명(51%)에서 적당으로, 3학년 47명(47%)에서 적당으로 조사되었다. 3. 안경광학과 선택의 만족도는 1학년 43명(43%)에서 높음으로, 2학년 45명 (45%)에서 보통으로, 3학년 41명(41%)에서 높음으로 조사되었다. 4. 안경광학과 수업의 이해도는 1학년은 55명(55%)에서 보통으로, 2학년은 60명(60%)에서 보통으로, 3학년은 49명(49%)에서 높음으로 조사되었다. 5. 안경광학과 교우 관계의 만족도는 1학년 40명(40%), 2학년 50명(50%), 3학년 51명(51%)에서 높음으로 조사되었다. 6. 안경광학과 선후배 관계의 만족도는 1학년 47명(47%), 2학년 50명(50%), 3학년 41명(41%)에서 보통으로 조사되었다. 7. 안경광학과 미래전망은 1학년 47명(47%), 2학년 50명(50%), 3학년 45명(45%)에서 보통으로 조사되었다. 8. 안경광학과 졸업 후 진로는 1학년 60명(60%), 2학년 68명(68%), 3학년 66명(66%)에서 안경원으로 조사되었다. 결론: 학과 선택의 만족도와 미래전망은 대체적으로 좋은 것으로 조사되었다.

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쑥 분말 첨가와 도체등급이 돈육 패티(Patty)의 품질에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Addition of Mugwort Powder and Carcass Grade on the Quality Characteristics of Pork Patty)

  • 문윤희;강세주;김영길;양종범;정인철;현재석
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 쑥의 첨가와 도체등급이 돈육 patty의 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 B등급육 patty(A patty), 쑥을 첨가한 B등급육 patty(B patty), 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 E등급육 patty(C patty) 및 쑥을 첨가한 E등급육 patty(D patty)를 제조하고 일반성분, 열량, 아질산 잔류량, 표면색도, 조직감, 보수력 및 관능성을 실험하였다. 수분함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 조지방 함량과 열량은 B등급육 patty가 E등급육 patty보다 높았다. 조회분은 patty들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 아질산 잔류량은 쑥을 첨가한 patty가 첨가하지 않은 것보다 낮았다. 명도(L)및 황색도(b)는 B등급육 patty가 높았으며, 적색도(a)는 E등급육 patty가 높았다. 경도, 응집성 및 씹힘성은 B등급육이 E등급육 patty보다 낮았다. 돈육 patty의 향기, 맛, 조직감, 다즙성, 색깔 및 종합적인 기호성은 patty들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다.

A Case Study on Gifted Education in Mathematics

  • Kim, Soo-Hwan
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.87-98
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    • 2001
  • The Center for Science Gifted Education (CSGE) of Chongju National University of Education was established in 1998 with the financial support of the Korea. Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). In fact, we had prepared mathematics and science gifted education program beginning in 1997. It was possible due to the commitment of faculty members with an interest in gifted education. Now we have 5 classes in Mathematics, two of which are fundamental, one of which is a strengthened second-grade class gifted elementary school students, and one a fundamental class, and one a strengthened class for gifted middle school students in Chungbuk province. Each class consists of 16 students selected by a rigorous examination and filtering process. Also we have a mentoring system for particularly gifted students in mathematics. We have a number of programs for Super-Saturday, Summer School, Winter School, and Mathematics and Science Gifted Camp. Each program is suitable for 90 or 180 minutes of class time. The types of tasks developed can be divided into experimental, group discussion, open-ended problem solving, and exposition and problem solving tasks. Levels of the tasks developed for talented elementary students in mathematics can be further divided into grade 5 and under, grade 6, and grade 7 and over. Types of the tasks developed can be divided into experimental, group discussion, open-ended problem solving, and exposition and problem solving task. Also levels of the tasks developed for talented elementary students in mathematics can be divided into the level of lower than grade 5, level of grade 6, and level of more than grade 7. Three tasks developed and practiced are reported in this article.

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Effect of Quality Grade and Storage Time on the Palatability, Physicochemical and Microbial Quality of Hanwoo Striploin Beef

  • Yim, Dong-Gyun;Kim, Yu-Jin;Chung, Ku-Young
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.449-458
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    • 2015
  • The effects of quality grade and storage time on physicochemical, sensory properties and microbial population of Hanwoo striploin beef were investigated. After a total of 30 Hanwoo beef were slaughtered, the cold carcasses were graded by official meat grader at 24 h postmortem. The carcasses were categorized into five groups (quality grade 1++, 1+, 1, 2, and 3) and were vacuum-packaged and stored. The samples were kept for 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22 and 25 d for analyses. As the quality grade was increased, moisture, protein and ash contents decreased (p<0.05). Higher quality grade corresponded with higher fat contents. The shear force values decreased with increasing quality grade and showed decreases sharply during the first 4 d (p<0.05). pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and volatile basic nitrogen for grade 1++ groups were lower than for grade 3 (p<0.05). CIE L* and b* values increased as increased quality grade (p<0.05). Meat color decreased until 13 d and fluctuated after 15 d of storage (p<0.05). Regarding the sensory scores, higher quality grade corresponded with higher juiciness, tenderness, flavor, fatty and palatability scores (p<0.05). Generally, increased storage time for 15 d improved sensory scores attributes. Results indicate that a high quality grade could positively influence physicochemical and sensory properties.

Treatment Option for High Grade Spleen Injury and Predictive Factors for Non-operative Management

  • Na, Joung Won;Lee, Jung Nam;Yu, Byung Chul;Lee, Min A;Park, Jae Jung;Lee, Gil Jae
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.91-97
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Purpose: The prognostic factors of non-operative management (NOM) in high-grade spleen injuries have been extensively studied, but factors that would help treatment decisions are lacking. We compared the characteristics of the patients to identify the factors affecting treatment choices. Methods: This is a review of 207 blunt spleen injury patients from January 2004 to December 2013. We compared clinical features and mortality between surgery and NOM, and used multivariate regression analysis to find the factor most strongly associated with prognosis. Results: Of the 207 patients, 107 had high-grade spleen injury patents (grade III or above). Of these, 42 patients underwent surgery and 65 patients underwent NOM. The mortality was 7% following surgery, 3% with NOM. The amount of packed red blood cells transfused in the first 24 hours and spleen injury grade were associated with management type, and mortality was highly associated with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and spleen injury grade. Conclusions: The grade of spleen injury was associated with management and mortality, so correctly assessing the spleen injury grade is important.

Improvement and Application for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of Nationwide Land in Korea

  • Lee, Moung-Jin;Jeon, Seong-Woo;Jo, Min-Jeong;Song, Won-Kyong;Kang, Byung-Jin
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.335-346
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    • 2007
  • This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.

Surgically Treated Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm

  • Koo, Sang-Keun;Song, Yeung-Jin;Huh, Jae-Taeck
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.405-409
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    • 2005
  • Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the factors related to the outcome of 84 patients who underwent surgery for anterior communicating Artery(ACoA) aneurysms. Methods: The authors review 84 patients who were undertaken from January 1998 to May 2004. In the management of ACoA aneurysms, the outcome was based on several factors: Clinical condition, Distribution of hemorrhage, Time between aneurysmal rupture and surgery, Direction and shape of the aneurysm. Results: The incidence rate of the ACoA aneurysm was 35%. Seventy four patients were classified as those having a good recovery, but 5 patients suffered from some morbidity and 5 patients died. The rate of good outcome for the patients with Hunt and Hess grade was as follows 100% in grade I, 95% in grade II, 80% in grade III, IV and V. The rate of good outcome for the patients with Fisher grade was as follows 98% in grade I, II and 81% in grade III, IV. Nineteen of 22 patients who underwent early surgery were rated as good, while twenty six of 30 patients for whom surgery was delayed showed a favorable result. The unfavorable outcomes were also attributed by vasospasm or other medical problems. Conclusion: For further improvement of the overall surgical outcome: First, early surgical intervention is recommended for good grade patients. Second, active management of poor grade patients should be scrutinized with early surgery. Third, it is also important to step up the effort to minimize the risk of medical complications to enhance surgical results on top of the mainstay of prevention efforts for vasospasm and rebleeding.