• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 2004

The objectives of this study are to build up the concept of Environment-Oriented Land Suitability Assessment(EOLSA) and to develop the EOLSA mapping system by applying the EOLSA criteria to the case study area. In order to draw out the EOLSA critera, this study adopted the Delphi method including the experts' awareness survey to urban planners as well as environmental researchers in May and June 2001. As a result, the concept of EPLSA was defined as a process of land use planning to scientifically assess the physical and environmental value of land and to classify conservation aptitude into several grades for the sustainable management of environmental resources. With an outcome of applying the EOLSA criteria with five degrees to the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), Grade I, indicating the highest conservation value, accounted for 57.76% of the SMA. Then, Grade II reached up to 15.06%, Grade III 3.12%, Grade IV 15.92%, and Grade V, the lowest conservation value, 7.99% respectively. And also, the case analysis showed that the share of Grade I area was the highest in Gapyong county and Yangpyong county, Pochon county, Yeonchon county, Yongin city in the order and the lowest in Kwangmyong city, Osan city, Kunpo city, Kuri city, and Buchon city.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among staffing, occupancy rate, upward level change of long-term care need, and evaluation grade of facility. Data were obtained from National Health Insurance Corporation Database. Occupancy rate and evaluation grade were highest in National/public operating facilities, while they were worst in individual operating facilities. The percents of A or B grade in evaluation grade (by newly enforced law) is highest in National/public operating facilities. Multiple regression analysis showed that upward level change of care needs was very weakly associated with the number of doctors. Evaluation grade showed a weak and significant association with occupancy ratey(by old-version law)(r=.20, p<.01), upward level change of care need in group home(r=.23, p<.01) Staffing in facility did not show significantly consistent association with upward level change of care needs, evaluation grade, and occupancy rate.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.313-323
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• 2024

Deterioration of buildings is one of the biggest problems in modern society, and the importance of a safety diagnosis for old buildings is increasing. Therefore, most countries have legal maintenance and safety diagnosis regulations. However, the reliability of the existing safety diagnostic processes is reduced because they involve subjective judgments in the data collection. In addition, unstructured tasks increase rework rates, which are time-consuming and not cost-effective. Therefore, This paper proposed the method that can calculate the safety grade of deterioration automatically. For this, a DNN structure is generated by using existing precision inspection data and precision safety diagnostic data, and an objective building safety grade is calculated by applying status evaluation data obtained with a UAV, a laser scanner, and reverse engineering 3D models. This automated process is applied to 20 old buildings, taking about 40% less time than needed for a safety diagnosis from the existing manual operation based on the same building area. Subsequently, this study compares the resulting value for the safety grade with the already existing value to verify the accuracy of the grade calculation process, constructing the DNN with high accuracy at about 90%. This is expected to improve the reliability of aging buildings in the future, saving money and time compared to existing technologies, improving economic efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 1971

Oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, and breathing frequency were measured on 8 men walking on a treadmill carrying load of 9 kg on hand, back, or head. Besides measurements were made on subjects carrying loads of 2.6 kg each on both feet. The speed of level walking was 4, 5, and 5.5km/hr and a fixed speed off km/hr with grades of 0, 3, 6, and 9%. Comparisons were made between free walking without load and walking with various types of loads. The following results were obtained. 1. In level or uphill walking the changes in oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, breathing frequency and heart rate were smallest in back load walking, and largest in hand load walking. The method of back load was most efficient and hand load was the least efficient. The energy cost in head load walking was smaller than that of in hand load walking. It was assumed that foot load costed more energy than hand load. 2. In level walking the measured parameters increased abruptly at the speed of 5.5 km/hr. Oxygen consumption in a free walking at 4 km/hr was 11.4ml/kg b.wt., and 13.1 ml/kg b.wt. 5.5 km/hr, and in a hand load walking at 4 km/hr was 13.9, and 18.8 ml/kg b. wt. at 5.5 km/hr. 3. In uphill walking oxygen consumption and other parameters increased abruptly at the grade of 6%. Oxygen consumption at 4 km/hr and 0% grade was 11.4 ml/kg b. wt., 13.6 at 6% grade, and 16.21/kg b. wt. at 9% grade in a free walking. In back load walking oxygen consumption at 4km/hr and 0% grade was 12.3 ml/kg b.wt.,14.9 at 6% grade, and 18.7 ml/kg b.wt. In hand load walking the oxygen consumption was the greatest, namely, 13.9 at 0% grade, 17.9 at 6%, and 20.0 ml/kg b. wt. at 9% grade. 4. Both in level and uphill walking the changes in pulmonary ventilation and heart rate paralleled with oxygen consumption. 5. The changes in heart rate and breathing frequency in hand load were characteristic. Both in level and uphill walk breathing frequency increased to 30 per minute when a load was held on hand and showed a small increase as the exercise became severe. In the other method of load carrying the Peak value of breathing frequency was less than 30 Per minute. Heart rate showed 106 beats/minute even at a speed of 4 km/hr when a load was held on hand, whereas, heart rate was between, 53 and 100 beats/minute in the other types of load carriage. 6. Number of strides per minute in level walking increased as the speed increased. At the speed floater than 5 km/hr number of strides per minute of load carrying walk was greater than that of free walking. In uphill walk number of strides per minute decreased as the grade increased. Number of strides in hand load walk was greatest and back load walk showed the same number of strides as the free walk.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

1. Objectives This study was to investigate relationship between the diagnosis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) and the diffrentiation of syndromes according to the state of Qi, Blood, Body Fluid, Phlegm retention and the five viscera. 2. Methods In-patients and students were investigated through questionnaire of the diffrentiation of syndromes and QSCC2. The results were analyzed statiscally by t-test, one-way ANOVA on SPSS 10 3. Results and Conclusions (1) Soeumin has a high grade on Qi-insufficiency than other consititutions. (2) Soyangin has a high grade on blood insufficiency. And Soyangin who have a disease get a high grade on kidney and get a low grade on spleen.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2529-2532
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• 2003

The quality of agricultural products is represented a degree of freshness and a special qualify that has a close relation to commercial value. To grade tomatoes, it used to nondestructive equipment of a charge-coupled device(CCD) camera and near-infrared(NIR) spectrum analysis method. The NIR spectrum analysis method is used to determine internal qualities such as a brix and an acidity. The CCD camera is used to measure external qualities like color and a size of tomatoes. This paper explaines the structure and movement of the automatic grade system and applies the algorithm for deformed tomtatoes and characteristics of tomatoes through image processing to the grade system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.153-159
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• 1982

A statistical study on medical students who entered certain college of medicine during 10 years ('73 to '82) was performed in order to evaluate medical educational wastage. The obtained results summerized were as follows; 1. The normal promotion rate of 10 cohorts(CI-CX) was 83.4% and 5 cohorts(CI to CV) whose members had already graduated(including dropouts) was 77.5%. 2. The mean repetition rate in 1st grade was 15.5%, in 2nd grade 5.4%, in 3rd grade 1.4% arid in 4th grade 0.6%. 3. The predicted number of repetion(spell base) which are attendance at the college in 1st grade was 31.6, in 2nd grade 28.9, in 3rd grade 18.6 and in 4th grade 22.7; 4. The total wastage of 10 cohorts was 224.8 SY, which corresponded to educational resources of 56.2 out-puts for normal demand. 5. The mean unit cost of 10 cohorts was 4.62 and the mean Input/Output ratio was 1.06.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.469-479
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge of obesity and exercise , attitude to dietary habits and exercise, and physical activities and exercise in elementary school children to provide basic data for obese programs. Methods: The subjects were 850 elementary school children of grade 3-6 in C City and data were collected with a questionnaire. Results: Higher grade, female and overweight children recorded a higher knowledge score than lower grade, male and normal weight children. As for attitude to dietary habit, lower grade and female children had more positive attitude than higher grade and male children. Overweight children were more aware of the seriousness of exercise than normal weight children. In physical activity, lower grade and male children were higher than higher grade and female children. The more interested the children's family were in exercise, the higher score of physical activity they showed. Conclusion: In planning education for preventing obesity, it should give consideration to lower glade and male children. In addition, education for changing dietary habit attitude must be extended to higher grade and male children as well. It is effective to develop and apply physical activity improvement programs in the cooperation and involvement of their families.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.231-248
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to analyze ‘consumer education system in middle school’, whether it is suitably organized to help students make the right decision in their daily life as a rational consumer in this fast changing “the Informational Society”. We divided the consumer education of “the Informational Society” into 4 fields of studies(consumer information technique, decision making on purchasing, consumer financial management, and consumerism) and made specific analysis for this research. The “Technology & Home Economics” textbook which follows ‘The 7th curriculum’ conducted by “Korean Educational Board” Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development for first and second grade in middle school were used for this analysis. The results founded are as follows: first, for the curriculum analysis according to the 4 fields of consumer education, both the first and the second grade students' textbook had consumer information technique as the major portion of the consumer education. Second, as a result of the comparison between the two grade levels showed that the second grade level has higher portion of consumer education in “Home economics & Technology” textbook than the first grade level. Third, the present status of consumer education showed that the first grade level's consumer education was only limited in consumer information technique, but the second grade level's consumer education was ranging evenly throughout the 3 fields of consumer education: consumer information technique, decision making on purchasing and consumerism. These results of this study contribute to the development of an efficient and desirable curriculum for the adolescent' consumer education, specially for school consumer education, in “the Informational Society”.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.526-526
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• 1996

The single crystal of LiTaO3 is well known eletro-optic material as well as the piezoelectric one applied to SAW filter. LiTaO3 has large electro-optic effects, so applied to optical switch, acosto-optic deflector, and optical memory device using photorefractive effects. The crystal growth of SAW-grade LiTaO3 has been studied many aspects, but there is no detail research about optic-grade crystal growth. The conditions of optic-grade LiTaO3 single crystal are as below. The optical transmittance must be over 75%, and axial and radial concentratiom uniformity below 1%. The variation of Curie temperature depending on Li/Ta ratio must be also below 2$^{\circ}C$ and no internal no internal cracks and defects. Because of the limitation of crystal quality, the growing of optic-grade LiTaO3 single crystal is very difficult compared with the growing of SAW-grade. In this research, upper conditions of optic-grade single crystal was investigated after growing of 1 inch diameter and 1.5 inch length LiTaO3 single crystal having no internal cracks and defects using Czochralski method. Curie temperature was determined with DSC and measuring capacitance and lattice parameter was calculated about the grown crystal and ceramic powder samples of various Li/Ta ratio. The result of Tc variation was below 1.2$^{\circ}C$ all over the grown crystal, so it is confirmed that LiTaO3 was grown under congruent melting composition having optical homogeniety. Also, the optical transmittance was about 78%, which was sufficient for optical device.